(Test Bank) Human Anatomy And Physiology

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Test Bank

1st Edition

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Test Bank for Human Anatomy And Physiology, The downloadable file consists of 470 pages, and the total size of the file is 14.41 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Marieb

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1 Exam Name SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Figure 1.1 Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities: 1) Thoracic cavity. 1) 2) Cranial cavity. 2) 3) Abdominal cavity. 3) 4) Vertebral cavity. 4) 2 Figure 1.2 Using Figure 1.2, match the following descriptions to the most appropriate letter on the diagram: 5) Information about body temperature is sent through afferent pathways to the brain. 5) 6) Free nerve endings in the skin detect changes in skin temperature (getting warmer). 6) 7) Appropriate response information is sent through efferent pathways. 7) 8) A change in the temperature of the external environment (getting warmer). 8) 9) Sweat glands are stimulated as well as blood being distributed to the skin to allow cooling of the body to return the body's temperature to a physiological level. 9) MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1. Match the following systems to their functions: 10) Provides the force to move bones about their joints. 11) Responds to environmental changes by transmitting appropriate electrical impulses. 12) Provides a ridged framework to support the body and stores minerals. 13) Prevents water loss, entry of germs into the body and synthesizes vitamin D. A) Nervous B) Integumentary C) Muscular D) Skeletal 10) 11) 12) 13) 3 Match the following systems to their functions: 14) Controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones. 15) Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. 16) A functional organ system which provides a means of protecting us from foreign invaders. 17) Picks up and cleans excess fluid from tissues. A) Endocrine B) Lymphatic C) Cardiovascular D) Immune 14) 15) 16) 17) Match the following examples of feedback mechanisms: 18) Used for changes in blood glucose levels. 19) Used for changes in blood pressure. 20) Used for blood clotting. 21) Used for childbirth. A) Negative feedback B) Positive feedback 18) 19) 20) 21) Match the following systems and organs: 22) Arteries, veins, heart. 23) Trachea, bronchi, alveoli. 24) Adrenal glands, pancreas, pituitary. 25) Esophagus, large intestine, rectum. 26) Kidneys, bladder, ureters. A) Cardiovascular B) Endocrine C) Urinary D) Digestive E) Respiratory 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) Match the following cavities and organs: 27) Stomach. 28) Heart. A) Abdominal B) Thoracic 27) 28) 4 29) Uterus. 30) Brain. 31) Lungs. A) Thoracic B) Cranial C) Pelvic 29) 30) 31) Match the following regional terms and common terms: 32) Arm. 33) Buttock. 34) Head. 35) Knee (anterior aspect). 36) Chest. A) Thoracic B) Gluteal C) Brachial D) Patellar E) Cephalic 32) 33) 34) 35) 36) Match the regional/directional terms and examples: 37) The bridge of the nose is to the left eye. 38) The upper arm is to the forearm. 39) The lungs are to the heart. 40) The fingers are to the wrist. 41) The stomach is to the spine. A) Medial B) Distal C) Anterior D) Lateral E) Proximal 37) 38) 39) 40) 41) TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 42) Positive feedback mechanisms tend to enhance the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated. 42) 43) Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) imaging is most useful in discovering obstructed blood supplies in organs and tissues. 43) 44) The elbow is proximal to the shoulder. 44) 45) The part of the serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity wall is called visceral peritoneum. 45) 46) A major function of serous membranes is to decrease friction. 46) 47) The right hypochondriac region contains the majority of the stomach. 47) 5 48) Lungs carry out an excretory function. 48) 49) Embryology concerns the structural changes that occur in an individual from conception through old age. 49) 50) A tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function. 50) 51) It is important for any organism to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal environment remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it. 51) 52) Without some sort of negative feedback mechanism, it would be impossible to keep our body chemistry in balance. 52) 53) Responsiveness or irritability is the ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them. 53) 54) The epigastric region is superior to the umbilical region. 54) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 55) Histology would be best defined as a study of . A) cell chemistry B) the gross structures of the body C) tissues D) cells 55) 56) The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called anatomy. A) microscopic B) systemic C) developmental D) gross 56) 57) Expiration (breathing out) is how the body removes excessive carbon dioxide from the blood. This is an example of . A) maintaining boundaries B) responsiveness C) excretion of metabolic waste D) metabolism 57) 58) Generally, what is the result of the negative feedback process? A) to control body movement B) to regulate excretion via the kidneys C) to maintain homeostasis D) to keep the body's blood sugar level high 58) 59) The coxal joint is most likely found in the region of the body. A) foot B) groin C) hip D) hand 59) 60) A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a(n) . A) complex cell B) complex tissue C) organ system D) organ 60) 61) The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT . A) palms turned posteriorly B) thumbs pointed laterally C) arms at sides D) body erect 61) 6 62) A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be . A) body temperature regulation B) enhancement of labor contractions C) blood calcium level regulation D) regulating glucose levels in the blood 62) 63) Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane? A) two cuts dividing the body into left and right halves B) any cut dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions C) a transverse cut just above the knees D) any sagittal plane except in the midline 63) 64) Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region? A) intestines B) appendix C) stomach D) liver 64) 65) The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane . A) covering the heart B) covering individual lungs C) lining the abdominal cavity D) lining the thoracic cavity 65) 66) Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli? A) immune B) lymphatic C) muscular D) nervous 66) 67) Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is NOT correctly matched. A) Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye. B) Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth. C) Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye. D) Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region. 67) 68) Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains . A) a dynamic state within an unlimited range, depending on circumstances B) a static state with no deviation from preset points C) a relatively stable internal environment, within limits D) the lowest possible energy usage 68) 69) In which body cavities are the lungs located? A) pleural, ventral, and thoracic B) pericardial, ventral, and thoracic C) pleural, dorsal, and abdominal D) mediastinal, thoracic, and ventral 69) 70) Choose the following statement that is NOT completely correct regarding serous membranes. A) Serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid. B) Serosa are very thin, double-layered structures. C) Visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the internal walls of the heart. D) Serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a virtual space between the two. 70) 7 71) Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 71) 1. molecules 2. atoms 3. tissues 4. cells 5. organs A) 1-2-4-3-5 B) 2-1-4-3-5 C) 2-1-3-4-5 D) 1-2-3-4-5 72) Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain? A) MRI B) PET C) X-ray D) DSA 72) 73) Which of these is NOT part of the dorsal cavity? A) cranial cavity B) spinal cord C) vertebral cavity D) thoracic cavity 73) 74) In which quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located? A) right upper quadrant B) left upper quadrant C) left lower quadrant D) right lower quadrant 74) 75) Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance? A) Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed. B) Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally. C) It is considered the cause of most diseases. D) The internal environment is becoming more stable. 75) 76) The term pollex refers to the . A) thumb B) calf C) fingers D) great toe 76) 77) The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following? A) brain B) liver C) intestines D) lungs 77) 78) Select the most correct statement. A) The endocrine system is not a true structural organ system. B) Organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues, but not both. C) Organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life. D) The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system. 78) 79) One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness. This refers to . A) sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them B) indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory system C) the necessity for all organisms to reproduce D) the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience anger 79) 80) Which of the following are survival needs of the body? A) water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement B) nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen C) nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction D) nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction 80) 8 81) What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called? A) transverse B) frontal C) sagittal D) regional 81) 82) What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called? A) median B) frontal C) transverse D) sagittal 82) 83) The body cavities that protect the nervous system are located in the cavity. A) vertebral B) ventral C) cranial D) dorsal E) thoracic 83) 84) Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels? A) cardiovascular anatomy B) systemic anatomy C) cardiovascular physiology D) systemic physiology 84) 85) It is wise to study anatomy alongside with physiology because . A) anatomy and physiology are practically the same thing B) to understand anatomy requires complete understanding of physiology C) physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy D) it makes for more efficient use of students' and teachers' time 85) 86) The study of anatomy and physiology assumes and describes a healthy body. Select the description below that does NOT explain why this approach is useful. A) A healthy body provides a common standard to compare to. B) A healthy body establishes what "normal" is. C) Study of a healthy body is less intimidating and more familiar to new students. D) Study of a healthy body provides a foundation for a more complete understanding of all human bodies. 86) 87) One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of anatomical study, the rest are from a physiological perspective. Select the description below that comes from an anatomical perspective. A) The extremely thin tissue (simple squamous epithelium) of the lungs allows for the quick diffusion of respiratory gases into and out of the body. B) The cell-to-cell connections between heart (cardiac) muscle cells are strong. They hold the tissue together for a life time of forceful contractions. C) The direction of blood flow through the heart is directed by one way valves. D) The innermost lining of the lungs is composed primarily of a thin tissue called simple squamous epithelium. 87) 88) One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of physiological study, the rest are from an anatomical perspective. Select the description below that comes from physiological perspective. A) The skull is formed by 22 facial and cranial bones. B) The pancreas lies deep to the stomach within the abdominal cavity. C) The chambers of the heart and blood vessels leading to and from the heart are separated by valves composed of fibrous connective tissue. D) The contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels (vasoconstriction) can reduce the flow of blood through the vessel. 88) 9 89) Which of the following is the best explanation for why cells are considered the smallest units of living things. A) Cells have the ability to reproduce identical copies of themselves in a process called mitosis. B) Cells cannot be seen with the naked eye and are considered microscopic. C) Cells are highly ordered and complex. D) Cells are the simplest structure to fit all of the characteristics necessary to be considered alive. 89) 90) Prevention of water loss is a necessary function for life that would best fit in the category of . A) maintaining boundaries B) excretion C) responsiveness D) metabolism 90) 91) Anabolic reactions are chemical reactions of the body that build things, make them bigger or more complex. Catabolic reactions break things down making them smaller or less complex. If the rate of anabolic reaction in the body is much faster than the rate of catabolic reactions, which of the following necessary life function will be accomplished? A) digestion B) movement C) growth D) responsiveness 91) 92) Anatomical position is important because . A) it provides the greatest circulation to the extremities B) it allows diagrams within textbooks to display a greater surface area of the body with one simple diagram C) it is the position most comfortable to hospital patients D) it allows a common point of reference for body position to help communicate anatomical relationships 92) 93) Positive feedback differs from negative feedback because . A) positive feedback is generally beneficial while negative feedback is typically harmful B) positive feedback is critical to health while negative feedback serves only to alert us to potential health threats C) positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level D) positive feedback provides moment-to -moment wellbeing while negative feedback causes a cascade effect 93) 94) When a baby suckles at its mother's breast the stimulus at the breast is sent to the mother's brain (a region called the hypothalamus). The brain responds by releasing hormones to stimulate the production and the ejection of milk from the breast. This helps the newborn to receive nourishment and encourages more suckling. This example is best described as a . A) negative feedback B) positive feedback C) loss of homeostasis D) necessary life function 94) 95) Some of the nerve endings in the skin are sensitive to changes in temperature. They are part of a negative feedback mechanism regulating body temperature. These nerve endings represent a(n) in the negative feedback mechanism. A) homeostatic balance or "ideal" value B) effector C) receptor D) control center 95) 10 96) You are asked to take a person's heart rate at the popliteal pulse point. You will look for this pulse . A) on the palmar side of the hand B) in the distal end of the lower leg C) on the posterior side of the knee D) at the posterior side of the wrist 96) 97) You are told to take an axillary temperature on a small child. You will place the thermometer . A) in the rectum B) on the forehead C) under the tongue D) in the armpit 97) 98) You are asked to draw blood from the median cubital vein. You will search for this vein in the . A) anterior side of the elbow B) hand C) proximal arm D) lateral side of the foot 98) 99) The thoracic cavity contains the . It is found to the vertebral cavity. A) kidneys and spleen; deep B) digestive viscera; inferior C) stomach and liver; superficial D) heart and lungs; anterior 99) SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 100) Similar cells that have a common function are called . 100) 101) What does the "principle of complementarity of structures and function" mean? 101) 102) The term that describes the back of the elbow is . 102) 103) The term that describes the neck region is . 103) 104) The heart is to the lungs. 104) 105) is explained by chemical and physical principles and is concerned with the function of specific organs or organic systems. 105) 106) What is a dynamic equilibrium of your internal environment termed? 106) 107) Which cavity contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum? 107) 108) What is the serous membrane that covers the intestines called? 108) 109) What broad term covers all chemical reactions that occur within the body cells? 109) 110) What is the function of the serous membranes? 110) 111) Can lungs carry out excretory functions? Explain your answer. 111) 112) Why is anatomical terminology necessary? 112) 11 113) The ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them is called . 113) 114) What is the single most abundant chemical substance in the body? 114) 115) Why must a normal body temperature be maintained in order for chemical reactions to be continued at life-sustaining rates? 115) 116) What is the pathway between the receptor and the control center in the reflex pathway called? 116) 117) What type of homeostatic feedback reflex is the withdrawal reflex? 117) 118) Why are the abdominopelvic cavity organs the most vulnerable to blunt deceleration in an automobile accident with seat belts? 118) 119) What is the action of all of the negative feedback mechanisms of the body? 119) 120) Which feedback mechanism causes the variable to deviate further and further from its original value or range? 120) 121) What can happen when the usual negative feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed and destructive positive feedback mechanisms take over? 121) 122) Which body system would be most affected by a lower than normal atmospheric pressure? 122) 123) Describe the overlap in function between the cardiovascular system and respiratory system. In other words, describe how they work together. 123) 124) Describe the overlap in function between the muscular system and skeletal system. In other words, describe how they work together. 124) 125) The integumentary system helps to maintain a boundary between the internal and external environment. Give an example of something that is prevented entry to the body and an example of something prevented from escaping the body by the integumentary system. 125) 126) Describe the opposing ways that the muscular system and integumentary system act as effectors in the regulation of body temperature. 126) ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 127) A small family was traveling in its van and had a minor accident. The children in the back seats were wearing lap belts, but still sustained numerous bruises about the abdomen, and had some internal organ injuries. Why is this area more vulnerable to damage than others? 128) Steve was injured in a football accident. X -ray examination showed a fracture underlying his left brachial deformity. What part of his body was injured? 12 129) Judy is 16 years old and collapses on the gym floor with severe pain in her chest wall every time she takes a deep breath. She is rushed by ambulance to the emergency room. Judy is diagnosed with pleurisy and is given an anti-inflammatory drug through the intravenous route. Explain why an anti -inflammatory drug would be prescribed for someone with pleurisy. 130) Sara is giving birth to her first child. She is concerned that her labor is taking longer than she thought it would. Why does giving birth usually take time for the contractions to proceed to the point when the child is born? 131) The nurse charted: "Patient has an open wound located on lateral aspect of leg." Describe where the wound is located. 13 Answer Key Testname: UNTITLED1 1) C 2) A 3) D 4) B 5) C 6) B 7) D 8) A 9) E 10) C 11) A 12) D 13) B 14) A 15) C 16) D 17) B 18) A 19) A 20) B 21) B 22) A 23) E 24) B 25) D 26) C 27) A 28) B 29) C 30) B 31) A 32) C 33) B 34) E 35) D 36) A 37) A 38) E 39) D 40) B 41) C 42) TRUE 43) TRUE 44) FALSE 45) FALSE 46) TRUE 47) FALSE 48) TRUE 49) FALSE 50) TRUE 14 Answer Key Testname: UNTITLED1 51) TRUE 52) TRUE 53) TRUE 54) TRUE 55) C 56) D 57) C 58) C 59) C 60) D 61) A 62) B 63) D 64) A 65) D 66) D 67) D 68) C 69) A 70) C 71) B 72) A 73) D 74) B 75) C 76) A 77) A 78) D 79) A 80) B 81) C 82) B 83) D 84) C 85) C 86) C 87) D 88) D 89) D 90) A 91) C 92) D 93) C 94) B 95) C 96) C 97) D 98) A 99) D 100) tissues