(Test Bank) Contemporary Canadian Business Law

Willies, 10

Business

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10th Edition

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Author(s): Willies

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Chapter 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) A sophisticated client A) does not require the services of a lawyer. B) is someone with formal legal training. C) distrusts and deri des lawyers. D) understands the importance of the solicitor -client relationship. E) should represent themselves, rather than paying for legal services. 2) Raman is a sophisticated client. This means that she A) understands how to manage a lawyer -client relationship. B) is a small business owner. C) manages her legal affairs without assistance from a lawyer. D) has a law degree. E) will probably never find herself in a situation necessitating legal advice. 3) In the context of a sophisticated client, "sophisticated" can best be defined as A) complicated, self -reliant, and cosmopolitan. B) confident, knowledgeable, and up -to-date. C) aggressive, dynamic, and forceful. D) refined and cultured. E) simple and naïve. 4) Which of the following best describe s the likelihood of a student becoming involved in a situation necessitating legal advice? A) A student, or someone close to the student, will always become involved in such a situation B) Because students cannot be sophisticated, they will often become involved in such situations. C) Legal advice is not available to stud ents. D) A student, or someone close to a student, sometimes becomes involved in such a situation. E) Because students are not business people, they never become involved in such situations. 5) Becoming a sophisticated client will A) ensure that a business person never needs a lawyer. B) relieve a business person from having to conduct legal research. C) protect a business person from needing legal advice. D) result in a business person developing a bias against lawyers. E) help a business person manage her legal affairs more efficiently and effectively. 6) Having a good lawyer on your team is A) a legal requirement prior to incorporating a business. B) a critical component of being a sophisticated client. C) only necessary for large companies. D) a good alternative to becoming a sophisticated client. E) usually too expensive to be worthwhile. 7) William Shakespeare's Henry VI , Part II includes the line "The first thing we do, let's kill all the lawyers." The president of the Canadian Bar Association interpreted this quotation as A) a threat to all members of the legal profession. B) an offence meriting severe legal consequences. C) a comment on the importance of the "rule of law". hzzledD) a lawyer -bashing joke. E) a humorous attempt to embarrass lawyers everywhere. 8) Which of the following best describ es the role of the lawyer? A) The lawyer is simply one of the experts the businessperson consults. B) The client makes decisions regardi ng civil matters; the lawyer makes decisions regarding criminal matters. C) The lawyer makes decisions regarding civil matters; the client makes decisions regarding criminal matters. D) The client must follow the lawyer's instructions, as long as they are lawful. E) The lawyer makes the legal decisions for the client. 9) Which of the following statements best describes solicitor -client privilege? A) The lawyer makes decisions re garding civil matters; the client makes decisions regarding criminal matters. B) The lawyer makes the legal decisions for the client. C) The lawyer is the only expert a client should consult. D) Refers to the duty of the lawyer to keep the information provided by the client confidential. E) The lawyer must follow the client's instructions, even if they are illegal in nature. 10) Which of the following is NOT a good reason for a bus iness person to seek advice from a lawyer? A) The businessperson cannot understand the necessary legal information. B) The businessperso n is facing criminal charges. C) The businessperson cannot find the necessary legal information. D) It would take too long for the busin essperson to find the necessary legal information. E) The necessary legal information is available online. 11) For sophisticated clients, the availability of an abundance of legal information online is A) a negative development, because accessing this information tends to be more costly than retaining a lawyer. B) a negative development, because online information is rarely accurate or helpful. C) a neutral development, because lawyers are still the only ones able to access this information. D) a positive development, because it provides greater access to information they can use as part of their decision -making process. E) a positive development, because it means that they will no longer need to retain lawyers as part of their team. 12) When searching online for legal information, it is best to A) trust that if it is published online, it must be accurate. B) use American sources, as they tend to be more comprehensive than Canadian ones. C) gauge the accuracy of the information by the look of the website. D) never trust the information found on a website. E) seek advice from a lawyer when answers cannot be readily found. 13) Sophisticated clients A) know that it is better to hire a lawyer than to conduct research on one's own. B) are willing to pay for legal advice at any cost. C) have the skill and confidence to find basic legal information. D) tend to be embarrassed to request legal advice. E) do not need to retain a lawyer. 14) One reason for the general lack of respect for lawyers is that hzzledA) many people do not understand the role of the lawyer in the solicitor -client relationship. B) the cost of legal advice generally outweighs its benefit. C) lawyers who breach their duties are generally not subje ct to any punishment. D) lawyers are rarely able to provide information or advice relevant to business matters. E) lawyers are not bound by a Code of Professional Conduct. 15) The role of the lawyer is to A) provide legal advice relevant to the client's situation, which the client has no choice but to follow. B) provide legal advice relevant to the client's situation, which the client is free to ignor e. C) delay the client's decision -making process. D) tell their clients what they must do. E) tell their clients what they must not do. 16) The primary purpose of an initial consultation with a lawyer is A) for the prospective client to decide whether to retain the lawyer. B) for the prospective lawyer to help mediate the current dispute. C) to discuss the availability of Legal Aid. D) to develop strategies for dealing with the legal situation in question. E) to arrange payment of the lawyer's fees up front. 17) The decision to enter into the lawyer -client relationship should be A) a mutual decision made primarily on the basis of trust. B) made primarily on the basis of cost. C) solely up the client, as he or she is the one paying for the services. D) solely up to the lawyer, as he or she is the one with the legal training. E) made quickly to ensure that no one else can retain your lawyer. 18) When setting up a small business, the best approach to follow is to assume that after the business has been set up and commences operating A) a lawyer will no longer be required. B) the lawyer you chose to assist you in the start -up of the business will provide free legal services for the duration of the business's operation. C) the lawyer you cho se to assist you in the start -up of the business will continue to represent you. D) the lawyer you chose to assist you in the start -up of the business will refer you to a different lawyer. E) you will not need legal advice, as long as you are a sophisticated client. 19) Which of the following is NOT an advantage to maintaining an ongoing relationship with your lawyer? A) The lawyer will know and understand you and your business. B) The lawyer will view you as her client, giving you and your requests priority. C) The lawyer will automatically track your business activities, so that he or she can p rovide constant advice and guidance. D) The lawyer will be able to customize his or her legal advice, so it will be even more useful to you. E) The lawyer will be able to provide legal advice more efficiently, thereby reducing your legal costs. 20) When someone refers you to a particular lawyer, you should A) retain the lawyer regardless of their area of practice. B) ignore the refe rral as irrelevant. C) ensure the referral is being given by someone you trust. D) ensure the referral is from a family member, rather t han a mere friend. E) retain the lawyer regardless of who gave you the referral. 21) A lawyer referral service hzzledA) provides the names and phone numbers of lawyers who practice in a particular area of law. B) regulates the legal profession in the interest of the public. C) will enable a businessperson to retain a lawyer without need for an initial consultation. D) is an online fee -based service providing guaranteed results. E) is also known as "Legal Aid". 22) A provincial law society A) operates primarily to enhance the commercial interests of its members. B) has a s its mandate the provision of free legal services, in the public interest. C) is a self -governing body for businesspeople seeking legal advice. D) is a self -governing body for lawyers. E) operates primarily to offer low -cost legal advice to members. 23) The Canadian Bar Association is A) an organization responsible for reviewing lawyers' accounts. B) a discip linary body for members of the legal profession. C) a professional organization that represents judges and lawyers. D) focused on enhanc ing public safety in the liquor distribution industry. E) the national society for legal aid services. 24) Legal aid is A) universally available, regardless of subject matter or financial need. B) available to anyone who can demonstrate financ ial need, regardless of subject matter. C) only available for business law issues. D) available subject to substantive and financial eli gibility requirements. E) available exclusively for criminal law issues, subject to demonstrated financial need. 25) Which of the following statements is most accurate? A) If you have a legal problem and cannot afford a lawyer, one will be provided for you. B) If you qualify for legal aid, you will automatically be exempt from all legal costs. C) Everyone qualifies for legal aid. D) Everyone can afford a lawyer. E) If you have a legal problem and cannot afford a lawyer, you may be eligible for legal aid. 26) If you collect money as a result of a settlement or judgment obtained through the assistance of legal aid, you will A) probably be able to keep the full amount of the settlement of judgment. B) probably have to repay some or all of the legal aid benefits you received. C) probably be ineligible to enforce the settlement or judgment if the debtor refuses to pay. D) be required to turn the amount of the settlement or judgment over to legal aid. E) be required to turn the amount of the settlement or judgment over to the court. 27) Legal Aid Ontario will NOT cover any of the following except A) defamation. B) wrongful dismissal. C) change of name. D) criminal matters. E) personal bankr uptcy. 28) The BC Legal Services Society may pay for a lawyer for a low -income client if the client has a legal problem involving any of the following except A) serious family problems. hzzledB) mental health or prison issues. C) commercial litigation. D) criminal charges. E) immigration problems. 29) A small business owner A) is wise to obtain legal aid for its business matters, rather than having to incur legal costs. B) should always use duty counsel, rather than having to retain a lawyer. C) is usually not able to receive legal aid with respect to the legal issues involving the busin ess. D) should retain duty counsel to draft contracts outlining legal duties. E) is automatically entitled to legal aid assistance. 30) Which of the following statements regarding duty counsel is accurate? A) There is an advantage to using duty counsel rather than retaining one's own lawyer. B) There is a lengthy application process to obtain duty counsel. C) Duty counsel typically take on your entire case and represent you at trial. D) Duty counsel are available to assist in a wide range of business law issues. E) Duty counsel can provide limited assistance in certain court matters. 31) Duty counsel are typically available A)in criminal courts, family courts, or immigration courts. B) to review and draft a variety of contracts. C) in superior court bankruptcy matters. D) for small claims and real estate disputes. E) for commercial litigation. 32) Duty counsel are A) court lawyers who assist individuals who are not represented by a lawyer. B) retired lawyers and judges who volunteer through legal aid societies. C) non-lawyers who provide advice to those in fina ncial need. D) legal assistants who offer legal services at rates significantly lower than those charged by lawyers. E) law students who are fulfilling requirements established by a provincial law society. 33) Legal fees A) are always calculated in a single, specified way. B) are typically negligible. C) should not be discussed with a lawyer until a bill has been prepared. D) should be discussed during the initial consultation with the lawyer. E) are rarely the subject of confusion or misund erstanding. 34) Which of the following statements is true? A) Some people don't retain lawyers even when they ne ed them because they are afraid of the cost. B) It is a popular misconception that legal services can be very costly. C) Lawyers should always be retained, regardless of the cost. D) It is considered unprofessional to raise the issue of fees during a consultation with a lawyer. E) All lawyers bill clients on an hourly basis. 35) Contingency fee agreements A) may result in a lawyer not receiving any legal fees for the work done on a file. B) are not subject to any restrictions. C) must be prepared for all lawyer -client relationships. D) are typically used for real estate purchases, the drafting of wills, and incorporations. hzzledE) are synonymous with retainer agreements. 36) Which of the following statements regarding provincial law societies is false? A) Provincial law societies may set maximum contingency fees for certain types of cases. B) Provincial law societies may restrict the use of contingency fee agreements. C) Provincial law societies provide free legal services to people in need. D) Provincial law societies may offer a fee mediation service. E) Provincial law societies provide online information on lawyers' fees. 37) Typically, lawyers bill on the basis of which of the following? A) A fixed fee, a stipend, or a pro rata distribution. B) A fixed fee, a n hourly rate, or a contingency fee. C) A fixed fee, a pro rata distribution, or a contingency fee. D) A stipend, a pro rate distributio n, or an hourly rate. E) A stipend, an hourly rate, or a contingency fee. 38) Which of the following statements regarding retainers is false? A) The lawyer may require the client to "top up" the retainer as funds are withdrawn from the trust account. B) A retainer helps ensure that a lawyer will be paid for his or her legal services. C) Provincial law societies typically restrict the use of retainers to personal injur y or product liability cases. D) A retainer is deposited into a trust account, to the credit of the client. E) Before commencing work on a matter, a lawyer usually requests that a retainer be paid. 39) A retainer A) works as a deposit. B) is the amount a client must pay that is in addition to regular legal fees and disbursements. C) is the amount a lawyer will receive wh en charging based on a contingency fee agreement. D) refers to the costs incurred by a lawyer on a client's behalf. E) works to secure the release of an arrested person. 40) Provincial law societies A) exist primarily to assist cli ents with complaints concerning fees. B) deal with complaints regarding a lawyer's conduct. C) provide compensation to clients who are u nhappy with legal services. D) guarantee success in litigation matters. E) are non -profit law firms offering a range of legal services. 41) If you have a complaint about the fees being charged by your lawyer A) you can have your bill reviewed by a court official. B) your provincial law society represents your only course of action. C) you must p articipate in a fee mediation service. D) you should not discuss your concerns with your lawyer directly. E) you should begin by commenc ing a court action. 42) Fee mediation A) is compulsory whenever a client raises a concern about a lawyer's bill. B) involves a neutral mediator who tries to facilitate a mutually acceptable resolution of a dispute over fees charged by a lawyer. C) involves a review of a lawyer's bill by a court official. D) involves a judge who determines whether or not a lawyer's bill i s reasonable. E) is offered by every provincial law society as the primary means of dispute resolution for complaints hzzledregarding lawyers' fees. 43) A client who is unable to resolve a fee dispute with a lawyer can have the lawyer's bill reviewed by a court official. These court officials have the power to A) impose fines on either the client or the lawyer. B) require that the client and lawyer attend fee mediation. C) decide that the bill is too high and reduce it accordingly. D) authorize compensation to be paid by the provincial law society. E) order that a lawyer be taken into custody. 44) A provincial law society's complaint -resolution process usually begins with A) a hearing before a panel. B) a formal investigation. C) oral submissions by legal counsel. D) a review of the complaint by a court official. E) an attempt at mediating the dispute between the client and the lawyer. 45) Complaints made to the provincial law society regarding a lawyer's conduct may result in a hearing. This hearing A) involves the testimony of witnesses and the entering of other evidence. B) is held before a superior court judge. C) is held in the absence of legal counsel. D) results in compensation being paid to the client who made the complaint. E) can result in a finding of misconduct, although the law society does not have the power to impose penalties. 46) If you cannot resolve a fee dispute with your lawyer, you should A) sue your lawyer for non -payment. B) refuse payment on legal grounds. C) make a formal complaint to the bar association. D) have your bill reviewed by the appropriate court official. E) refuse payment on ethical grounds. 47) If a law society panel finds a lawyer guilty of misconduct, the penalty could include all of the following except A) a suspension. B) incarceration. C) disbarment. D) a fine. E) costs of the hearing. 48) If you believe that you have suffered a financial loss because of your lawyer's misconduct A) you should wait as long as possible before you proceed. B) you should have the matter reviewed by a taxation or assessment officer. C) you may be compensated by the bar association at the end o f their investigation. D) you will automatically be awarded compensation by the provincial law society at the end of their hearing. E) you may need to seek legal advice from another lawyer. 49) Lawyers' rules of professional conduct A) are recomme nded guidelines only. B) establish professional and ethical obligations of lawyers. hzzledC) are generally not taken seriously by members of t he legal profession. D) will, if breached, automatically result in a lawyer facing criminal charges. E) are established by the Canadian Bar Association. 50) Which of the following statements best describes the difference between law and ethics? A) Ethics tells us what we must do; law tells us what we should do. B) A person need not worry about acting legally, as long as she acts ethically. C) Law tells us what we must do; ethics tells us what we should do. D) If a person acts unethically, he has broken the law. E) Law and ethics are interchangeable. 51) Many people lack trust or confidence in lawyers because A) most lawyers are unethical. B) lawyers who act unprofessionally are not subject to any penalty. C) few provincial law societies have established rules for professional conduct. D) a few well -publicized cases involving lawyers has tainted the reputation of the whole profession. E) lawyers have no professional or legal obligations. 52) The Canadian "Code of Professional Conduct" for busines s people A) is the same as the lawyers' code of conduct. B) establishes the professional and ethical obligations of businesspeople. C) was created by the provincial business society. D) has been used to prosecute a number of high -profile cases. E) does not exist. 53) Sophisticated clients who are starting a business should A) opt not to prepare a code of conduct, because of potential liability exposure in the event of a breach. B) only concern themselves with ethical behaviour that is requ ired by law. C) make a commitment to ethical behaviour and prepare a statement of values. D) consult a lawyer about how to engage in une thical behaviour undetected. E) refrain from reporting illegal or unethical behaviour. 54) You can enhance the success of your business by A) personally adopting core values and incorporating them into a code of conduct for the business. B) relying on the Canadian Code of Professional Conduct for Businesspeople. C) retaining a lawyer who is willing to engage in unethical conduct on your behalf. D) not seeking legal advice in cases where your conduct may be questionable, as you will then be bound by the lawyer's code of professional conduct. E) incorporating core values into a code of conduct, regardless of whether or not you adopt those values personally. 55) Which of the following do es NOT represent a core ethical value identified by the Josephson Institute for Ethics? A) Courage B) Respect C) Caring D) Fairness E) Citizenship 56) According to the Josephson Institute for Ethics, the core ethical value of trustworthiness has as its supporting ethical principles A) respect, autonomy, courtesy, sel f-determination. B) citizenship, philanthropy, voting. C) caring, kindness, compassion. D) justice, fairness, impartiality, equity. E) truthfulness, sincerity, candor, integrity, promise keeping, loyalty, honesty. hzzledTRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 57) "The first thing we do, let's kill all the lawyers." is a popular quotation from William Shake speare, the meaning of which is open to debate. 58) A sophisticated client knows how to form and use the solicitor -client relationship to facilitate making good business de cisions. 59) Generally, good business decisions cannot be made without consideration of the appropriate laws. 60) A sophisticated client never conducts legal research on his or her own, but always seeks advice from a lawyer. 61) It is always wise to retain legal counsel when you are facing criminal charges. 62) In making business decisions involving legal issues, a sophisticated client will tend to complete some research of the relevant law on her own. 63) The time and cost to be incurred by hiring a lawyer is irrelevant: It is always worthwhile to get legal advice from a lawyer. 64) Sophisticated clients understand that success depends on good business decisions, and good business decisions depend on appropriate information (including legal information). 65) In the lawyer -client relationship, the decision -maker is the lawyer, not the client. 66) Solicitor -client privilege refers to the lawyer making all the decisions for the client. 67) The solicitor -clent privilege refers to the duty o f the lawyer to keep the information provided by the client confidential. 68) There is sufficient information in the Yellow Pages to help a person decide whether a particul ar lawyer would be appropriate. 69) Given the growing complexity of the law and the consequence that more lawyers specialize, a business person might have multiple lawyers. 70) It is more advantageous to retain your own lawyer than to simply use duty counsel. 71) Small business owners are usually able to receive legal aid with respect to the legal issues involving the business. 72) A retainer is the amount a client must pay to a lawyer over and above regular legal fees. 73) Provincial law societies may restrict the use of contingency fee agreements. 74) Most provinces set a minimum contingency fee for family law cases. 75) A complaint m ade to the provincial law society about a lawyer's conduct does not result in compensation being paid to the client who made the complaint. 76) Clients who believe that the y have suffered financial loss due to their lawyer's misconduct should not hzzledprocrasti nate as limitation periods may exist. 77) If a complaint regarding a lawyer's conduct cannot otherwise be resolved, and the law society decides the complaint is valid, then the lawyer will face automatic disbarment. 78) Ethics depends on a person's conscience, rather than on what the law says. 79) Ethical behaviour implies integrity, honesty, and professionalis m. 80) A code of professional conduct is needed because the vast majority of lawyers are unethical. 81) Compliance with a code of ethics in an organization is unrelated to whether or not top management practises ethical behaviour. 82) In 2005, Canada was ranked number one in the world on a list of countries perceived to be free of corruption. 83) Core ethical values, and their supporting ethical principl es, should be used as the basis for a business code of conduct. SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 84) What term can be used to describe someone who understands the role of a lawyer, when and how to retain one, and how to manage the lawyer -client relationship? 85) Complete the following quotation from William Shakespeare's Henry VI, Part II: "The first thing we do, let's ________". 86) When making signifi cant business decisions, when should business people consult their lawyers? 87) In the lawyer -client relationship, who is the decision -maker? 88) When must a lawyer follow a client's instructions? 89) What must a business person co nsider before asking a lawyer for assistance in making a business decision? 90) Why is it unnecessary (and undesirable) for a client to seek legal advice for every decision she must make? 91) If a business person cannot find important legal information on his own, or cannot understand the information he finds, what should he do? 92) When will a sophisticated client do her own legal research? 93) What recent development has given non -lawyers greater access to legal information? 94) How has the lawyer -client relationship been affected by computers and the Internet? 95) What is the main role of a lawyer? 96) Why might a business person have more than one lawyer? 97) Identify the sources you would consult when looking for an appropriate business lawyer. 98) Identify the advantages to a business person of maintaining an ongoing relationship with a lawyer. hzzled99) What is the Canadian Bar Association an d what is its purpose? 100) What is a provincial law society and what is its mandate? 101) What is "duty counsel"? 102) Why should a business owner not assume that legal aid will be available to him or her? 103) What may occur if you collect money as the result of a settlement or judgment obtained through assistance from legal aid? 104) List the three main ways in which lawyers may charge their clients. 105) When is the fixed fee method of billing m ost often used? 106) In addition to legal fees, what other costs is a client responsible for paying? 107) What are disbursements and what do they generally include? 108) What is a retainer? 109) What is a contingency fee arrangement? 110) When is a contingency fee agreement most often used? 111) When should a client ideally first discuss the issue of fees with a lawyer? 112) Is it more cost -effective to hire a senior lawyer with a high hourly rate, or a junior lawyer with a low hourly rate? Explain. 113) How does a contingency fee agreement potentially benefit a client? 114) What is disbarment? 115) For lawyers who are found guilty of misconduct, what penalties might they face? 116) What can you do if you cannot resolve a fee dispute with your lawyer? 117) What should clients do if they believe they have suffered a financial loss because of their lawyer's misconduct? 118) Outline the steps of the law society's typical complaint -resolution process. 119) Distinguish between law and ethics. 120) Provide three examples of conduct that fail to meet the standards of professional responsibility for lawyers. 121) In addition to penalties from the provincial law society, in what else may a lawyer's misconduct result? 122) Provide three examples of iss ues that ought to be addressed in a business person's code of ethics. hzzled123) What are the six core values identified by the Josephson Institute for Ethics? 124) What is a code of business conduct? 125) Why sh ould a code of business conduct be used by a small business? 126) What format must a code of business conduct take? 127) What is a good way to ensure the long term adoption of ethical behaviour of employees of a business? ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 128) Explain what makes someone a "sophisticated client". 129) Explain, using examples, what advice an d information a lawyer can provide to a person starting a business. 130) Explain how a business person would g o about finding an appropriate lawyer, including a discussion of what makes a lawyer appropriate for a particular client. 131) Explain the concept of legal aid. 132) Explain the different ways in which a lawyer may calculate the legal fees to charge a client, providing examples of when each might be used. 133) Outline the types of complaints a client may have about a lawyer, and how the client should proceed in each instance. 134) Do business people make good ethical choices? Explain, providing examples. hzzled1) D 2) A 3) B 4) D 5) E 6) B 7) C 8) A 9) D 10) E 11) D 12) E 13) C 14) A 15) B 16) A 17) A 18) C 19) C 20) C 21) A 22) D 23) C 24) D 25) E 26) B 27) D 28) C 29) C 30) E 31) A 32) A 33) D 34) A 35) A 36) C 37) B 38) C 39) A 40) B 41) A 42) B 43) C 44) E 45) A 46) D 47) B 48) E 49) B 50) C 51) D hzzled52) E 53) C 54) A 55) A 56) E 57) TRUE 58) TRUE 59) TRUE 60) FALSE 61) TRUE 62) TRUE 63) FALSE 64) TRUE 65) FALSE 66) FALSE 67) TRUE 68) FALSE 69) TRUE 70) TRUE 71) FALSE 72) FALSE 73) TRUE 74) FALSE 75) TRUE 76) TRUE 77) FALSE 78) TRUE 79) TRUE 80) FALSE 81) FALSE 82) FALSE 83) TRUE 84) A sophisticated client. 85) Kill all the lawyers . 86) Taking into consideration time and expense, businesspeople generally ought to consult their lawyers when they cannot find the legal information relevant to their decision on their own, or when they cannot understand the informa tion they find. 87) The client. 88) When those instructions are lawful. 89) The time and cost, and whether the client could effectively find and understand the relevant information on his or her own. 90) Because this can be prohibitively exp ensive, and can result in delays in the client's decision -making. 91) Consult a lawyer. 92) Whenever she requires legal information to make a business decision and it is not appropriate to hire a lawyer. 93) The tremendous increase of legal information available online. 94) There is now an abundance of legal information accessible to non -lawyers, making it possible for non -lawyers to conduct some legal research without the assistance of a lawyer. 95) To provide legal advice relevant to a client's situation. 96) Given the growing complexity of the law, more lawyers are specializing. If a businessperson faced a wide variety of legal issues (such as both civil and criminal matters), more than one lawyer might be needed. 97) The phone book (e.g. Yellow Pages), other advertisements, referrals from friends and relatives and trusted colleagues, the relevant law society. hzzled