(Test Bank) Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach To Learning Volumes 1, 2 & 3

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Test Bank

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Test Bank for Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach To Learning Volumes 1, 2 & 3, The downloadable file consists of 350 pages, and the total size of the file is 2.63 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

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TEST BANK FOR NURSING: A CONCEPT -BASED APPROACH TO LEARNING VOLUMES I II & III 3RD EDITION PEARSON EDUCATION TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1: BIOPHYSICAL MODULES Module 1: Acid - Base Balance The Concept of Acid - Base Balance 1.A Metabolic Acidosis 1.B Metabolic Alkalosis 1.C Respiratory Acidosis 1.D Respiratory Alkalosis Module 2: Cellular Regulation The Concept of Cellular Regulation 2.A Cancer 2.B Anemia 2.C Breast Cancer 2.D Colorectal Cancer 2.E Leukemia 2.F Lung Cancer 2.G Prostate Cancer 2.H Sickle Cell Disease 2.I Skin Cancer Module 3: Comfort The Concept of Comfort 3.A Acute and Chronic Pain 3.B End-of-Life Care 3.C Fatigue 3.D Fibromyalgia 3.E Sleep - Rest Disorders Module 4: Digestion The Concept of Digestion 4.A Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease 4.B Hepatitis 4.C Malabsorption Disorders 4.D Pancreatitis 4.E Pyloric Stenosis Module 5: Elimination The Concept of Elimination 5.A Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia 5.B Bladder Incontinence and Retention 5.C Bowel Incontinence, Constipation, and Impaction 5.D Urinary Calculi Module 6: Fluids and Electrolytes The Concept of Fluids and Electrolytes 6.A Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance 6.B Acute Kidney Injury 6.C Chronic Kidney Disease Module 7: Health, Wellness, Illness, and Injury The Concept of Health, Wellness, Illness, and Injury 7.A Physical Fitness and Exercise 7.B Oral Health 7.C Normal Sleep - Rest Patterns Module 8: Immunity The Concept of Immunity 8.A HIV/AIDS 8.B Hypersensitivity 8.C Rheumatoid Arthritis 8.D Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Module9: Infection The Concept of Infection 9.A Cellulitis 9.B Conjunctivitis 9.C Influenza 9.D Otitis Media 9.E Pneumonia 9.F Sepsis 9.G Tuberculosis 9.H Urinary Tract Infection Module 10: Inflammation The Concept of Inflammation 10.A Appendicitis 10.B Gallbladder Disease 10.C Inflammatory Bowel Disease 10.D Nephritis 10.E Peptic Ulcer Disease Module 11: Intracranial Regulation The Concept of Intracranial Regulation 11.A Increased Intracranial Pressure 11.B Seizure Disorders 11.C Traumatic Brain Injury Module 12: Metabolism The Concept of Metabolism 12.A Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus 12.B Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 12.C Liver Disease 12.D Osteoporosis 12.E Thyroid Disease Module 13: Mobility The Concept of Mobility 13.A Back Problems 13.B Fractures 13.C Hip Fractures 13.D Multiple Sclerosis 13.E Osteoarthritis 13.F Parkinson Disease 13.G Spinal Cord Injury Module 14: Nutrition The Concept of Nutrition 14.A Obesity Module 15: Oxygenation The Concept of Oxygenation 15.A Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 15.B Asthma 15.C Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 15.D Cystic Fibrosis 15.E Respiratory Syncytial Virus/Bronchiolitis 15.F Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Module 16: Perfusion The Concept of Perfusion 16.A Cardiomyopathy 16.B Congenital Heart Defects 16.C Coronary Artery Disease 16.D Deep Venous Thrombosis 16.E Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 16.F Heart Failure 16.G Hypertension 16.H Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy 16.I Life-Threatening Dysrhythmias 16.J Peripheral Vascular Disease 16.K Pulmonary Embolism 16.L Shock 16.M Stroke Module 17: Perioperative Care The Concept of Perioperative Care Module 18. Sensory Perception The Concept of Sensory Perception 18.A Hearing Impairment 18.B Diseases of the Eye 18.C Eye Injuries 18.D Peripheral Neuropathy Module 19: Sexuality The Concept of Sexuality 19.A Family Planning 19.B Menopause 19.C Menstrual Dysfunction 19.D Sexual Dysfunctions 19.E Sexually Transmitted Infections Module 20: Thermoregulation The Concept of Thermoregulation 20.A Hyperthermia 20.B Hypothermia Module 21: Tissue Integrity The Concept of Tissue Integrity 21.A Burns 21.B Pressure Injuries 21.C Wound Healing PART II: PSYCHOSOCIAL MODULES Module 22: Addiction The Concept of Addiction 22.A Alcohol Abuse 22.B Nicotine Use 22.C Substance Abuse Module 23: Cognition The Concept of Cognition 23.A Alzheimer Disease 23.B Delirium 23.C Schizophrenia Module 24: Culture and Diversity The Concept of Culture and Diversity Module 25: Development The Concept of Development 25.A Attention -Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 25.B Autism Spectrum Disorder 25.C Cerebral Palsy 25.D Failure to Thrive Module 26: Family The Concept of Family 26.A Family Response to Health Alterations Module 27: Grief and Loss The Concept of Grief and Loss Module 28: Mood and Affect The Concept of Mood and Affect 28.A Depression 28.B Bipolar Disorders 28.C Postpartum Depression 28.D Suicide Module 29: Self The Concept of Self 29.A Feeding and Eating Disorders 29.B Personality Disorders Module 30: Spirituality The Concept of Spirituality 30.A Spiritual Distress 30.B Religion Module 31: Stress and Coping The Concept of Stress and Coping 31.A Anxiety Disorders 31.B Crisis 31.C Obsessive -Compulsive Disorder Module 32: Trauma The Concept of Trauma 32.A Abuse 32.B Multisystem Trauma 32.C Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 32.D Rape and Rape -Trauma Syndrome PART III: REPRODUCTION MODULE Module 33: Reproduction The Concept of Reproduction 33.A Antepartum Care 33.B Intrapartum Care 33.C Postpartum Care 33.D Newborn Care 33.E Prematurity PART IV: NURSING DOMAIN Module 34: Assessment The Concept of Assessment Module 35: Caring Interventions The Concept of Caring Interventions Module 36: Clinical Decision Making The Concept of Clinical Decision Making 36.A The Nursing Process 36.B The Nursing Plan of Care 36.C Prioritizing Care Module 37: Collaboration The Concept of Collaboration Module 38: Communication The Concept of Communication 38.A Groups and Group Communication 38.B Therapeutic Communication 38.C Documentation 38.D Reporting Module 39: Managing Care The Concept of Managing Care 39.A Case Management 39.B Cost -Effective Care 39.C Delegation 39.D Leadership and Management Module 40: Professionalism The Concept of Professionalism 40.A Commitment to Profession 40.B Work Ethic Module 41: Teaching and Learning The Concept of Teaching and Learning 41.A Patient/Consumer Education PART V: HEALTHCARE DOMAIN Module 42: Accountability The Concept of Accountability 42.A Competence 42.B Professional Development Module 43: Advocacy The Concept of Advocacy 43.A Environmental Quality Module 44: Ethics The Concept of Ethics 44.A Morality 44.B Ethical Dilemmas 44.C Patient Rights Module 45: Evidence -Based Practice The Concept of Evidence -Based Practice Module 46: Healthcare Systems The Concept of Healthcare Systems 46.A Emergency Preparedness Module 47: Health Policy The Concept of Health Policy Module 48: Informatics The Concept of Informatics 48.A Clinical Decision Support Systems 48.B Individual Information at Point of Care Module 49: Legal Issues The Concept of Legal Issues 49.A Nurse Practice Acts 49.B Advance Directives 49.C Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act 49.D Mandatory Reporting 49.E Risk Management Module 50: Quality Improvement The Concept of Quality Improvement Module 51: Safety The Concept of Safety 51.A Health Promotion and Injury Prevention Across the Lifespan 51.B Patient Safety 51.C Nurse Safety Module 1 Acid -Base Balance The Concept of Acid -Base Balance 1) A client is brought to the emergency department (ED) after passing out in a local department store. The client has been fasting and has ketones in the urine. Which acid-base imbalance would the nurse expect to assess in this client? A) Metabolic acidosis B) Respiratory alkalosis C) Metabolic alkalosis D) Respiratory acidosis Answer: A Explanation: A) A client who is fasting is at risk for development of metabolic acidosis. The body recognizes fasting as starvation and begins to metabolize its own fatty acids into ketones, which are metabolic acids. Starvation would not result in respira tory acidosis or alkalosis or in metabolic alkalosis. B) A client who is fasting is at risk for development of metabolic acidosis. The body recognizes fasting as starvation and begins to metabolize its own fatty acids into ketones, which are metabolic acids. Starvation would not result in respiratory acidosis or alkalosis or in metabolic alkalosis. C) A client who is fasting is at risk for development of metabolic acidosis. The body recognizes fasting as starvation and begins to metabolize its own fatty acids into ketones, which are metabolic acids. Starvation would not result in respiratory acidosis or alkalosis or in metabolic alkalosis. D) A client who is fasting is at risk for development of metabolic acidosis. The body recognizes fasting as starvation and begins to metabolize its own fatty acids into ketones, which are metabolic acids. Starvation would not result in respiratory acidosis or alkalosis or in metabolic alkalosis. Page Ref: 6 Cognitive Level: Analyzing Client Need/Sub: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Standards: QSEN Competencies: III.A.1. De monstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes. | AACN Essential Competencies: IX.3. Implement holistic, patient -centered care that reflects an understanding of human growth and development, pathophysiology, pharmacology, medical management and nursing management across the health -illness continuum, across lifespan, and in all healthcare settings. | NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Relationships between knowledge/science and quality and safe patient care. | Nursing Process: Assessment Learning Outcome: 1.2. Differentiate alterations in acid-base balance. MNL LO: Analyze the concept of acid-base balance and its application to nursing care. 2) Which risk factors exhibited by the client presenting in the emergency department (ED) would place the client at risk for metabolic acidosis? Select all that apply. A) Abdominal fistulas B) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease C) Pneumonia D) Acute renal failure E) Hypovolemic shock Answer: A, D, E Explanation: A) Metabolic acidosis is rarely a primary disorder. It usually develops during the course of another disease; presence of abdominal fistulas, which can cause excess bicarbonate loss; acute renal failure; and hypovolemic shock. Chronic obstruct ive pulmonary disease and pneumonia place the client at risk for respiratory acidosis with the increased retention of carbon dioxide in the blood. B) Metabolic acidosis is rarely a primary disorder. It usually develops during the course of another disease; presence of abdominal fistulas, which can cause excess bicarbonate loss; acute renal failure; and hypovolemic shock. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia place the client at risk for respiratory acidosis with the increased retention of carbo n dioxide in the blood. C) Metabolic acidosis is rarely a primary disorder. It usually develops during the course of another disease; presence of abdominal fistulas, which can cause excess bicarbonate loss; acute renal failure; and hypovolemic shock. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia place the client at risk for respiratory acidosis with the increased retention of carbon dioxide in the blood. D) Metabolic acidosis is rarely a primary disorder. It usually develops during the course of another disease; presence of abdominal fistulas, which can cause excess bicarbonate loss; acute renal failure; and hypovolemic shock. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia place the client at risk for respiratory acidosis with the increased retention of carbon dioxide in the blood. E) Metabolic acidosis is rarely a primary disorder. It usu ally develops during the course of another disease; presence of abdominal fistulas, which can cause excess bicarbonate loss; acute renal failure; and hypovolemic shock. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia place the client at risk for respir atory acidosis with the increased retention of carbon dioxide in the blood. Page Ref: 6, 14 Cognitive Level: Applying Client Need/Sub: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Standards: QSEN Competencies: III.A.1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes. | AACN Essential Competencies: IX.3. Implement holistic, patient -centered care that reflects an understanding of human growth and development, pathophys iology, pharmacology, medical management and nursing management across the health -illness continuum, across lifespan, and in all healthcare settings. | NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Relationships between knowledge/science and quality and safe pa tient care. | Nursing Process: Assessment Learning Outcome: 1.2. Differentiate alterations in acid-base balance. MNL LO: Analyze the concept of acid-base balance and its application to nursing care. 3) A child with acute asthma has a PaCO 2 of 48 mmHg, a pH of 7.31, and a normal HCO 3 blood gas value. The nurse interprets these findings as indicative of which condition? A) Metabolic acidosis B) Respiratory alkalosis C) Respiratory acidosis D) Metabolic alkalosis Answer: C Explanation: A) If the pH is decr eased and the PaCO 2 is increased with a normal HCO 3, it is uncompensated respiratory acidosis. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis has an increased pH, decreased PaCO 2, and normal HCO 3. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis has a decreased pH, normal PaCO 2, and decreased HCO 3. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis has an increased pH, normal PaCO 2, and increased HCO 3. B) If the pH is decreased and the PaCO 2 is increased with a normal HCO 3, it is uncompensated respiratory acidosis. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis has an increased pH, decreased PaCO 2, and normal HCO 3. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis has a decreased pH, normal PaCO 2, and decreased HCO 3. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis has an increased pH, n ormal PaCO 2, and increased HCO 3. C) If the pH is decreased and the PaCO 2 is increased with a normal HCO 3, it is uncompensated respiratory acidosis. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis has an increased pH, decreased PaCO 2, and normal HCO 3. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis has a decreased pH, normal PaCO 2, and decreased HCO 3. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis has an increased pH, n ormal PaCO 2, and increased HCO 3. D) If the pH is decreased and the PaCO 2 is increased with a normal HCO 3, it is uncompensated respiratory acidosis. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis has an increased pH, decreased PaCO 2, and normal HCO 3. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis has a decreased pH, normal PaCO 2, and decreased HCO 3. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis has an increased pH, n ormal PaCO 2, and increased HCO 3. Page Ref: 24 Cognitive Level: Analyzing Client Need/Sub: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Standards: QSEN Competencies: III.A.1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes. | AACN Essen tial Competencies: IX.3. Implement holistic, patient -centered care that reflects an understanding of human growth and development, pathophysiology, pharmacology, medical management and nursing management across the health -illness continuum, across lifespan, and in all healthcare settings. | NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Relationships between knowledge/science and quality and safe patient care. | Nursing Process: Diagnosis Learning Outcome: 1.2. Differentiate alterations in acid-base balan ce. MNL LO: Analyze the concept of acid-base balance and its application to nursing care. 4) The nurse is reviewing the latest arterial blood gas results for a client with metabolic alkalosis. Which result indicates that the metabolic alkalosis is compensated? A) pH 7.32 B) PaCO 2 18 mmHg C) HCO 3 8 mEq/L D) PaCO 2 48 mmHg Answer: D Explanation: A) A normal pH level is 7.35 -7.45. A pH of less than 7.35 is acidosis. A PaCO 2 level of 18 mmHg is low and is seen in respiratory alkalosis. A HCO 3 level of 8 mEq/L is low and is most likely associated with metabolic acidosis. In metabolic alkalosis, there is an excess of bicarbonate. To compensate for this imbalance, the rate and depth of respirations decrease, leading to retention of carbon dioxide. The PaCO 2 will be elevated. B) A normal pH level is 7.35 -7.45. A pH of less than 7.3 5 is acidosis. A PaCO 2 level of 18 mmHg is low and is seen in respiratory alkalosis. A HCO 3 level of 8 mEq/L is low and is most likely associated with metabolic acidosis. In metabolic alkalosis, there is an excess of bicarbonate. To compensate for this imbalance, the rate and depth of respirations decrease, leading to retention of carbon dioxide. The PaCO 2 will be elevated. C) A norma l pH level is 7.35 -7.45. A pH of less than 7.35 is acidosis. A PaCO 2 level of 18 mmHg is low and is seen in respiratory alkalosis. A HCO 3 level of 8 mEq/L is low and is most likely associated with metabolic acidosis. In metabolic alkalosis, there is an excess of bicarbonate. To compensate for this imbalance, the rate and depth of respirations decrease, leading to retention of carbon dioxide. The PaCO 2 will be elevated. D) A norma l pH level is 7.35 -7.45. A pH of less than 7.35 is acidosis. A PaCO 2 level of 18 mmHg is low and is seen in respiratory alkalosis. A HCO 3 level of 8 mEq/L is low and is most likely associated with metabolic acidosis. In metabolic alkalosis, there is an exc ess of bicarbonate. To compensate for this imbalance, the rate and depth of respirations decrease, leading to retention of carbon dioxide. The PaCO 2 will be elevated. Page Ref: 8 Cognitive Level: Analyzing Client Need/Sub: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Standards: QSEN Competencies: III.A.1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes. | AACN Essential Competencies: IX.3. Implement holistic, patient -centered care that reflects an understanding of hum an growth and development, pathophysiology, pharmacology, medical management and nursing management across the health -illness continuum, across lifespan, and in all healthcare settings. | NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Relationships between knowl edge/science and quality and safe patient care. | Nursing Process: Evaluation Learning Outcome: 1.2. Differentiate alterations in acid-base balance. MNL LO: Analyze the concept of acid-base balance and its application to nursing care. 5) A client has been admitted with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Diagnostic tests have been ordered. Which of the tests will provide the most accurate indicator of the client's acid-base balance? A) Arterial blood gases (ABGs) B) Pulse oximetry C) Sputum studies D) Bronchoscopy Answer: A Explanation: A) ABGs are done to assess alterations in acid-base balance caused by respiratory disorders, metabolic disorders, or both. A bronchoscopy provides visualization of internal respiratory structures. Sputum studies can provide specific information about bacterial organisms. Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive test that evaluates the oxygen sat uration level of blood. B) ABGs are done to assess alterations in acid -base balance caused by respiratory disorders, metabolic disorders, or both. A bronchoscopy provides visualization of internal respiratory structures. Sputum studies can provide specific information about bacterial organisms. Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive test that evaluates the oxygen saturation level of blood. C) ABGs are done to assess alterations in acid -base balance caused by respiratory disorders, metabolic disorders, or both. A bronchoscopy provides visualization of internal respiratory structures. Sputum studies can provide specific information about bacteria l organisms. Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive test that evaluates the oxygen saturation level of blood. D) ABGs are done to assess alterations in acid-base balance caused by respiratory disorders, metabolic disorders, or both. A bronchoscopy provides visualiza tion of internal respiratory structures. Sputum studies can provide specific information about bacterial organisms. Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive test that evaluates the oxygen saturation level of blood. Page Ref: 9 Cognitive Level: Applying Client Need/Sub: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Standards: QSEN Competencies: III.A.1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes. | AACN Essential Competencies: IX.3. Implement holistic, patient -centered care that reflects an understanding of human growth and development, pathophysiology, pharmacology, medical management and nursing management across the health -illness continuum, across lifespan, and in all healthcare settings. | NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Relationships between knowledge/science and quality and safe patient care. | Nursing Process: Assessment Learning Outcome: 1.5. Differentiate common assessment procedures and tests used to examine acid-base balance. MNL LO: Analyze the concept of acid-base balance and its application to nursing care. 6) The nurse is instructing a client with a history of acidosis on the use of sodium bicarbonate. Which client statement indicates that additional teaching is needed? A) "I should contact the doctor if I have any gastric discomfort with chest pain." B) "I need to purchase antacids without salt." C) "I should use the antacid for at least 2 months." D) "I should call the doctor if I get short of breath or start to sweat with this medication." Answer: C Explanation: A) The client should be instructed to immediately contact the primary healthcare provider if gastric discomfort occurs with chest pain or if dyspnea or diaphoresis occurs. The client should be instructed to use non -sodium antacids to prevent the absorption of excess sodium or bicarbonate into systemic circulation and to not use any bicarbonate antacid for longer than 2 weeks. B) The client should be instructed to immediately contact the primary healthcare provider if gastric discomfort occurs with chest pain or if dyspnea or diaphoresis occurs. The client should be instructed to use non -sodium antacids to prevent the absorption of excess sodium or bicarbonate into systemic circulation and to not use any bicarbonate ant acid for longer than 2 weeks. C) The client should be instructed to immediately contact the primary healthcare provider if gastric discomfort occurs with chest pain or if dyspnea or diaphoresis occurs. The client should be instructed to use non -sodium antacid s to prevent the absorption of excess sodium or bicarbonate into systemic circulation and to not use any bicarbonate antacid for longer than 2 weeks. D) The client should be instructed to immediately contact the primary healthcare provider if gastric discomfort occurs with chest pain or if dyspnea or diaphoresis occurs. The client should be instructed to use non -sodium antacids to prevent the absorption of excess sodium or bicarbonate into systemic circulation and to not use any bicarbonate antacid for longer than 2 weeks. Page Ref: 12 Cognitive Level: Analyzing Client Need/Sub: Physiologi cal Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies Standards: QSEN Competencies: I.A.1. Integrate understanding of multiple dimensions of patient -centered care: patient/family/community preferences, values; coordination and integration of care; inform ation, communication, and education; physical comfort and emotional support; involvement of family and friends transition and continuity. | AACN Essential Competencies: IX.3. Implement holistic, patient -centered care that reflects an understanding of human growth and development, pathophysiology, pharmacology, medical management and nursing management across the health -illness continuum, across lifespan, and in all healthcare settings. | NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Relationships between knowledge/science and quality and safe patient care. | Nursing Process: Evaluation Learning Outcome: 1.7 Summarize collaborative therapies used by interdisciplina ry teams for clients with alterations in acid -base balance. MNL LO: Analyze the concept of acid-base balance and its application to nursing care.