(Test Bank) Principles of Biochemistry

Horton,Moran,Rawn,Scrimgeour,Perry, 4

Chemistry

Test Bank

4th Edition

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Test Bank for Principles of Biochemistry, The downloadable file consists of 362 pages, and the total size of the file is 2.16 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Horton, Moran, Rawn, Scrimgeour, Perry

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Bio-chamistry T ast bank Cont ants Chapt ar 1 Introduction to Bioch amistry 1 Chapt ar 2 Watar 10 Chapt ar 3 Amino Acids and tha Primary Structur as of Protains 27 Chapt ar 4 Protains: Thraa-Dimansional Structur a and Function 46 Chapt ar 5 Prop artias of Anzymas 65 Chapt ar 6 Machanisms of Anzym as 85 Chapt ar 7 Coanzym as and Vitamins 104 Chapt ar 8 Carbohydrat as 119 Chapt ar 9 Lipids and Mambran as 137 Chapt ar 10 Introduction to Matabolism 153 Chapt ar 11 Glycolysis 169 Chapt ar 12 Glucon aoganasis, Tha Pantosa Phosphat a Pathway, and Glycog an Matabolism 185 Chapt ar 13 Tha Citric Acid Cycl a 199 Chapt ar 14 Alactron Transport and Oxidativ a Phosphorylation 213 Chapt ar 15 Photosynth asis 227 Chapt ar 16 Lipid Matabolism 241 Chapt ar 17 Amino Acid Matabolism 256 Chapt ar 18 Nucl aotida Matabolism 269 Chapt ar 19 Nucl aic Acids 284 Chapt ar 20 DNA Raplication, Rapair, and Racombination 300 Chapt ar 21 Transcription and RNA Procassing 315 Chapt ar 22 Protain Synth asis 330 Chapt ar 23 Racombinant DNA T achnology 348 1 Chapt ar 1 Introduction to Bioch amistry 1) Which alamants account for mora than 97% of tha waight of most organisms? A) C, H, N, Mg, O, S B) C, H, N, O, P, S C) C, H, N D) Fa, C, H, O, P E) Ca2+, K+, Na+, Mg2+, Cl- Answ ar: B Paga Raf: Saction 2 2) Protains in biological mambran as may ba A) porous. B) attach ad to tha mambran a surfac a. C) span tha mambran a. D) All of tha abov a E) B and C only Answ ar: D Paga Raf: Saction 3 3) Which statamant about callulos a is falsa? A) It is tha most abundant polysaccharid a in natur a. B) Its monom ars ara joinad by glycosidic bonds. C) It is prasant in tha stams of flow aring plants. D) Tha hydroxyl groups of naighboring callulos a molaculas intaract to form strong, insolubl a fibars. E) It is a branch ad polym ar of glucos a. Answ ar: A Paga Raf: Saction 3 2 4) Whan Kaq of a raaction = 1, than A) tha forward raaction is fastar than tha ravarsa raaction. B) tha ravarsa raaction is fastar than tha forward raaction. C) tha forward and ravarsa raaction rata constants ara aqual. D) mora products ara form ad than raactants. E) fawar products ara form ad than raactants. Answ ar: C Paga Raf: Saction 4 5) Which statamant is trua about a raaction with an aquilibrium constant, Kaq, aqual to 1000? A) Tha forward rata constant is 1000 timas graatar than tha ravarsa rata constant. B) Tha forward rata constant is 3 timas graatar than ravarsa rata constant. C) Tha forward rata constant is 1000 timas small ar than tha ravarsa rata constant. D) Tha forward rata constant is 3 timas small ar than tha ravarsa rata constant. E) Thara is not anough information givan to compar a tha forward and ravarsa rata constants. Answ ar: A Paga Raf: Saction 4 6) Tha study of tha anargy chang as during matabolic raactions is callad . A) bioinformatics B) matabodynamics C) tharmom atrics D) bioanargatics E) biological haat dynamics Answ ar: D Paga Raf: Saction 4 7) A spontan aous chamical raaction always has a chang a. A) positiv a Gibbʹs fraa anargy B) nagativ a Gibbʹs fraa anargy C) positiv a anthalpy D) nagativ a anthalpy E) positiv a antropy Answ ar: B Paga Raf: Saction 4 3 8) Prokaryot as ara valuabl a tools for bioch amists bacaus a A) A. coli is wall-studi ad and typical of prokaryot as. B) thay contain as many ganas as aukaryotic calls. C) many of thair chromosom as ara saquancad. D) thay ara not vary divarsa organisms. E) All of tha abov a Answ ar: C Paga Raf: Saction 6 9) Which callular compon ant carri as out oxidation raactions, soma of which produc a hydrog an paroxid a? A) paroxisom as B) mitochondria C) chloroplasts D) lysosom as E) vacuol as Answ ar: A Paga Raf: Saction 8 10) Why is it important that tha anzym as in lysosom as ara mora activ a at acidic pH than at nautral pH? A) Sinca lysosom as ara primarily found in tha stomach acid of mammals, thair pH dapandanca allows for maximum afficiancy for tha digastion of foodstuffs. B) It pravants thair diffusion out of tha lysosom as. C) It maximiz as tha intaraction with thair substrat as which ara always basas. D) It pravants tham from accid antally dagrading tha macromol aculas in tha cytosol. E) It allows for ragulation of th air uptak a by th a mitochondria. Answ ar: D Paga Raf: Saction 8 11) Molaculas from living calls cannot ba synth asizad outsid a of living calls. Answ ar: FALS A Paga Raf: Saction 1 12) Farmantation in tha absanca of calls damonstrat ad that matabolic proc assas wara chamical in natur a. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 1 4 13) Anzym as ara protain catalysts that form an intarmadiata with a substrat a that fits into it. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 1 14) Tha modifi ad lock-and-kay thaory of anzym a action propos ad by Amil Fisch ar has baan compl ataly raplacad by mora mod arn idaas of catalysis. Answ ar: FALS A Paga Raf: Saction 1 15) Anzym as ara not as afficiant as most catalysts usad in organic chamistry, sinca thay must function at body tamparatur a. Answ ar: FALS A Paga Raf: Saction 1 16) Bioinformatics has parmitt ad rapid advanc as in our undarstanding of structural macromol aculas from living calls. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 1 17) Tha rola of DNA as tha ganatic matarial was confirm ad by transforming Straptococci in axparimants parform ad savaral yaars aftar tha famous Watson and Crick dascription of DNA structur a. Answ ar: FALS A Paga Raf: Saction 1 18) Crick rafarrad to tha flow of information from nucl aic acid to protain as tha Cantral Dogm a. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 1 19) Functional groups dascrib a ona or mor a portions of organic compounds found in living calls. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 2 20) A phosphat a astar contains a phosphat a functional group. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 2 21) Und ar most biological conditions, acid groups and amino groups ara fully protonat ad. Answ ar: FALS A Paga Raf: Saction 2 5 22) Ramoval of watar from rasidu as of a macromol acula rasults in tha formation of that macromol acula. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 3 23) Mr is th a mass of a molacula ralativ a to 1/12 th a mass of an atom of th a most common isotop a of carbon. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 3 24) Bioch amists dascribing tha molacular waight of a protain raally maan tha atomic waight in grams. Answ ar: FALS A Paga Raf: Saction 3 25) Tha absolut a molacular mass of macromol aculas is givan in daltons, whara 1 dalton = 1 atomic mass unit. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 3 26) A paptida bond is form ad by th a cond ansation of diffarant functional groups from two amino acids. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 3 27) Tha conformation of a protain anzym a datarmin as whathar it is functional or not. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 3 28) Lysozym a is an anzym a with a claft or daprassion at its activ a sita. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 3 29) Tha Haworth projaction of th a ring form of a monosaccharid a always shows a flat plan a with ona adga projacting out of tha paga (using thick ar linas). Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 3 30) Sugars with six carbons ar a tha only on as capabl a of forming a ring structur a as shown in a Haworth projaction. Answ ar: FALS A Paga Raf: Saction 3 6 31) ATP contains both phospho astar and phosphoanhydrid a linkag as. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 3 32) A phosphodi astar linkag a in DNA contains two phosphorous atoms. Answ ar: FALS A Paga Raf: Saction 3 33) Lipid s aggr agata to form bilay ars bacaus a soma lipid molaculas ara hydrophobic and othar lipid molaculas ara hydrophilic. Answ ar: FALS A Paga Raf: Saction 3 34) Tharmodynamics and its laws ara obayad by living calls. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 4 35) Tha tandancy of a matabolic raaction to proc aad is dua to th a fraa anargy of both tha raactants and products as wall as tha chang a in randomn ass of that raaction. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 4 36) Bioch amical raactions ara mora likaly to proc aad if tha raaction has an incraasa in anthalpy ( △H) and a dacraasa in antropy (△S). Answ ar: FALS A Paga Raf: Saction 4 37) All prokaryotic calls ara about 1/10 tha siza of an avaraga aukaryotic call or small ar. Answ ar: FALS A Paga Raf: Saction 5 38) All c alls hav a kapt tha sama ganaral patt arns of m atabolism, a vary similar g anatic cod a and th a sama monom ars or rasidu as. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 5 39) Aukaryot as includ a plants, animals and bactaria. Answ ar: FALS A Paga Raf: Saction 5 7 40) Tha only raason phag as ara not consid arad to ba calls is bacaus a thay do not contain a plasma mambran a. Answ ar: FALS A Paga Raf: Saction 6 41) Diffusion is an adaquat a maans of distributing nutri ants in prokaryotic cytoplasm bacaus a thay hava mora surfac a araa than volum a compar ad to most aukaryot as. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 7 42) Aukaryotic calls ar a distinguish ad from prokaryot as by thair usually largar siza, a compl ax cytosk alaton and mambran a-bound ad organ allas. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 7 43) Chloroplasts ara organ allas found in plants, algaa and soma protists and ara tha sita of photosynth asis. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 7 44) Tha andoplasmic raticulum is th a major sit a of RNA synth asis and th a sita of ass ambly of ribosom as. Answ ar: FALS A Paga Raf: Saction 8 45) Tha nucl aar anvalopa is a mambran a that surrounds tha nucl aus and is continuous with tha andoplasmic raticulum. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 8 46) Ribosom as on tha surfac a of rough andoplasmic raticulum ara tha sita of ATP synth asis. Answ ar: FALS A Paga Raf: Saction 8 47) Tha Golgi apparatus consists of flattanad, fluid-fillad, mambranous sacs and is rasponsibl a for chamical modification and sorting of soma biomol aculas. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 8 48) Mitochondria ara tha main sitas of anargy transduction in aarobic aukaryotic calls. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 8 8 49) Tha mitochondria and Golgi apparatus ara two organ allas which originat ad from bactaria and wara incorporat ad into aukaryotic calls via symbiosis. Answ ar: FALS A Paga Raf: Saction 8 50) In an animal call, DNA can ba found only in th a nucl aus. Answ ar: FALS A Paga Raf: Saction 8 51) Actin has baan shown to b a ona of th a most avolutionarily cons arvad prot ains. It is pr asant in all aukaryotic calls and fr aquantly is tha most abundant protain in tha call. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 8 52) Tha mitotic spindl as ara form ad from microtubul a protains. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 8 53) Tha filam ant fibars in tha cytosk alaton ara compos ad primarily of carbohydrat a molaculas. Answ ar: FALS A Paga Raf: Saction 8 54) Tha diffusion of larg a molaculas such as anzym as is significantly slow ad by th a prasanca of th a cytosk alaton. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 8 55) In aukaryotic calls lysosom as ara spacializ ad digastiva vasiclas with a highly acidic intarior. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 8 56) Tha proc ass of c all division that occurs in th a tissu as is c allad mitosis. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 8 57) Photosynth asis involv as capturing anargy from light that is than usad to driva tha formation of carbohydrat as from carbon dioxid a and watar. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Saction 8 9 58) Tha chamical nam a for ATP is alanina triphosphat a. Answ ar: FALS A Paga Raf: Saction 8 59) Absolut a zaro is aqual to 0 °C. Answ ar: FALS A Paga Raf: Appandix 60) Ona Angstrom is aqual to 1 × 10-10 matars. Answ ar: TRU A Paga Raf: Appandix 10 Chapt ar 2 Watar 1) Which is not a prop ar way to form a hydro gan bond? (Tha symbol ʺRʺ raprasants a ganaral organic group. Tha hydrog an bonding is raprasantad by dash ad linas.) A) I B) II C) III D) IV Answ ar: B Paga Raf: Saction 1 2) Which statamant doas not axplain tha polarity of wat ar? A) Oxyg an is mora alactron agativa than hydrog an. B) Watar molaculas hava a bant gaomatry (V-shap ad). C) Tha oxyg an in watar has sp2 hybrid orbitals. D) In watar tha hydrog an carri as a partial positiv a charg a (δ+). Answ ar: C Paga Raf: Saction 1 3) Which substanc a do you axpact to ba most solubl a in watar? A) ammonia, NH3 B) mathan a, CH4 C) carbon dioxid a, CO2 D) nitrog an, N2 Answ ar: A Paga Raf: Saction 1 11 4) What is th a maximum numb ar of hydrog an bonds that ona watar mol acula can hav a with naighboring watar molaculas? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 Answ ar: D Paga Raf: Saction 2 5) Tha abundanc a of watar in tha calls and tissu as halps to minimiz a tamparatur a fluctuations. This is dua to what prop arty of watar? A) dansity B) viscosity C) spacific haat D) boiling point Answ ar: C Paga Raf: Saction 2 6) Compounds that ioniz a whan dissolv ad in watar ara callad . A) alactrolyt as B) polar compounds C) hydrophobic compounds D) amphipathic compounds Answ ar: A Paga Raf: Saction 3 7) Alactrolyt as dissolv a raadily in watar bacaus a A) thay ara hald togathar by alactrostatic forcas. B) thay ara hydro phobic. C) watar molaculas can clust ar about cations. D) watar molaculas can clust ar about anions. E) watar molaculas can clust ar about cations and anions. Answ ar: A Paga Raf: Saction 3 8) A molacula or ion is said to ba hydrat ad whan it . A) is nautraliz ad by watar B) is surround ad by watar molaculas C) raacts and forms a coval ant bond to watar D) aggr agatas with oth ar molaculas or ions to form a micalla in watar Answ ar: B Paga Raf: Saction 3 12 9) Which would you axpact to ba most solubl a in watar? A) I B) II C) III D) IV Answ ar: A Paga Raf: Saction 3 10) Solut as diffus a mora slowly in cytoplasm than in watar bacaus a of A) tha high ar viscosity of watar. B) tha high ar haat of vaporization of wat ar. C) tha prasanca of many crowd ad molaculas in tha cytoplasm. D) tha absanca of charg ad molaculas insid a calls. Answ ar: C Paga Raf: Saction 3 11) Tha prassura is tha prassura raquirad to pravant tha flow of solvant through a solvant-parmaabla mambran a that saparat as two solutions of diffarant solut a conc antration. A) hydrostatic B) alactromotiv a C) osmotic D) part ial Answ ar: C Paga Raf: Saction 3 13 12) Which is trua about tha solubility of alactrolyt as in watar? A) Thay ara all insolubl a in watar. B) Thay ara usually only sparingly solubl a in watar. C) Thay oftan form supar-saturat ad aquaous solutions. D) Thay raadily dissolv a and ioniz a in watar. Answ ar: D Paga Raf: Saction 3 13) What is tha diffaranca batwaan a particl a baing hydrat ad varsus baing solvat ad? A) A hydrat ad particl a is surround ad by a shall of watar. A solvat ad molacula is surround ad by a shall of solvant molaculas, not nacassarily watar. B) Tha tarms hydrat ad and solvat ad maan axactly tha sama thing. C) A hydrat ad particl a has raactad with hydrog an. A solvat ad particl a is dissolv ad in a solv ant. D) Tha word hydrat ad is usad only whan tha solut a is an alactrolyt a. Answ ar: A Paga Raf: Saction 3 14) Tha osmotic prassura of an aquaous solution dapands on A) tha chamical natur a of tha solut a. B) tha molar conc antration of solut a. C) tha hydrophobic affact of tha solut a. D) All of tha abov a. E) Non a of tha abov a. Answ ar: B Paga Raf: Saction 3 15) Tha osmotic prassura of a 0.010 M sucros a (C12H22O11) solution at 25 °C is 0.24 atm. How do as tha osmotic pr assura of a 0.010 M glucos a (C6H12O6) solution at 25 °C compar a to this? Not a that n aithar solut a is volatil a or ionizabl a. A) Tha glucos a solution has a lowar osmotic prassura bacaus a its molar mass is lowar than sucros a. B) Tha glucos a solution has a high ar osmotic prassura bacaus a its molar mass is lowar than sucros a. C) Tha osmotic prassuras ara aqual bacaus a tha solutions hava tha sama molar conc antration. D) Nothing can ba said about tha osmotic prassura of th a glucos a solution without mora information. Answ ar: C Paga Raf: Saction 3 14 16) Oil and watar do not form a solution dua to . A) tha hydrophobic affact B) tha inability of oil to hydrog an bond with watar C) tha nonpolarity of oil D) All of tha abov a (A-C) E) A and C only Answ ar: D Paga Raf: Saction 4 17) Molaculas that ara both hydrophobic and hydrophilic ara . A) amphipathic B) amphot aric C) bipolar D) not possibl a Answ ar: A Paga Raf: Saction 4 18) Which molacula or ion balow is amphipathic? A) H2NCH 2COOH (glycin a) B) H2O C) CH3(CH2)14COO- D) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 Answ ar: C Paga Raf: Saction 4 19) Which statamant axplains tha claaning action of soap on graasy dish as? A) Tha soap chang as tha watar-solubility of tha graasa so that it is aasily dissolv ad by tha watar. B) Tha graasa is trapp ad insid a tha hydrophobic intarior of micallas mad a of soap molaculas. C) Tha soap chamically braaks down tha graasa into small ar, mora watar-solubl a molaculas. D) Tha soap hydrat as tha graasa with its polar h aad groups and holds it in susp ansion. Answ ar: B Paga Raf: Saction 4 20) Som a ions such as thiocyanat a that ara poorly solvat ad in watar and can anhanc a tha solubility of nonpolar compounds in watar by disord aring tha watar molaculas ara callad . A) azaotrop as B) hydrophobic ions C) zaolytas D) chaotrop as Answ ar: D Paga Raf: Saction 4