(Test Bank) Foundations For Population Health In Community-Public Health Nursing

Stanhope, 5

Nursing

Test Bank

5th Edition

• $15.00 $50.00

---

Description

Test Bank for Foundations For Population Health In Community-Public Health Nursing, The downloadable file consists of 360 pages, and the total size of the file is 1.59 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Stanhope

---

---

Study Note Preview

Stanhope: Foundations for Population Health in Community/Public Health Nursing, 5th Edition TESTBANK Chapter 01: Community - and Prevention -Oriented Practice to Improve Population Health Stanhope: Foundations for Population Health in Community/Public Health Nursing, 5th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following best describes community -based nursing? a. A practice in which care is provided for individuals and families b. Provid ing care with a focus on the group’s needs c. Giving care with a focus on the aggregate’s needs d. A value system in which all clients receive optimal care ANS: A By definition, community -based nursing is a setting -specific practice in which care is provid ed for “sick” individuals and families where they live, work, and attend school. The emphasis is on acute and chronic care and the provision of comprehensive, coordinated, and continuous care. These nurses may be generalists or specialists in maternal –infant, pediatric, adult, or psychiatric mental health nursing. Community -based nursing emphasizes acute and chronic care to individuals and families, rather than focusing on groups, aggregates, or systems. 2. Which of the following best describes community -oriented nursing? a. Focusing on the provision of care to individuals and families b. Providing care to manage acute or chronic conditions c. Giving direct care to ill inNdivRiduaIls wGithBin.thCeirMfamily setting d. Having the goal of health promotion and disease prevention ANS: D By definition, community -oriented nursing has the goal of preserving, protecting, or maintaining health and preventing disease to promote the quality of life. All nurses may focus on individuals and families, give direct care to i ll persons within their family setting, and help manage acute or chronic conditions. These definitions are not specific to community -oriented nursing. 3. Which of the following is the primary focus of public health nursing? a. Families and groups b. Illne ss-oriented care c. Individuals within the family unit d. Health care of communities and populations ANS: D In public health nursing the primary focus is on the health care of communities and populations rather than on individuals, groups, and families. The goal is to prevent disease and preserve, promote, restore, and protect health for the community and the po pulation within it. Community -based nurses deal primarily with illness -oriented care of individuals and families acorss the life span. The aim is to amanage acute and chronic health conditions in the community, and the focus of practice is on individual or family -centered illness care. 4. Which of the following is responsible for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the 20th century? a. Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research b. Advances in surgical techniques and proce dures c. Sanitation and other population -based prevention programs d. Use of antibiotics to fight infections ANS: C Improvements in control of infectious diseases through immunizations, sanitation, and other population -based prevention programs led to the increase in life expectancy from less than 50 years in 1900 to more than 78 years in 2013. Although people are excited when a new drug is discovered that cures a disease or when a new way to transplant organs is perfected, it is important to know about the significant gains in the health of populations that have come largely from public health accomplishments. 5. A nurse is developing a plan to decrease the number of premature deaths in the community. Which of the following interventions would most likely be implemented by the nurse? a. Increase the community’s knowledge about hospice care. b. Promote healthy lifestyle behavior choices among the community members. c. Encourage employers to have wellness centers at each industrial site. d. Ensure timely and effective medical intervention and treatment for community members. ANS: B Public health approaches could help prevent premature deaths by influencing the way people eat, drink, drive, engage in exercise, and treat the environment. Increasing knowledge of hospice care, encouraging on-site wellness centers, and ensuring timely treatment of medical conditions do not address theNfUocRusSoIfNimGpTroBv.inCg OovMerall health through health promotion strategies. This is the major method that is suggested to decrea se the incidence of premature death. 6. Which of the following is a basic assumption of public health efforts? a. Health disparities among any groups are morally and legally wrong. b. Health care is the most important priority in government planning and fu nding. c. The health of individuals cannot be separated from the health of the community. d. The government is responsible for lengthening the life span of Americans. ANS: C Public health practice focuses on the community as a whole, and the effect of the community’s health status (resources) on the health of individuals, families, and groups. The goal is to prevent disease and disability and promote and protect the health of the community as a whole. Public health can be described as what society collectiv ely does to ensure that conditions exist in which people can be healthy. The basic assumptions of public health do not judge the morality of health disparities. The focus is on prevention of illness not on spending more on illness care. Additionally, indiv idual responsibility for making healthy choices is the directive for lengthening life span not the role of the government. 7. Which of the following actions would most likely be performed by a public health nurse? a. Asking community leaders what interventions should be chosen b. Assessing the community and deciding on appropriate interventions c. Using data from the main heal th care institutions in the community to determine needed health services d. Working with community groups to create policies to improve the environment ANS: D Although the public health nurse might engage in any of the tasks listed, he or she works prim arily with members of the community to carry out core public health functions, including assessment of the population as a whole and engaging in promoting health and improving the environment. The interventions of asking community leaders which interventio ns should be chosen, asessing the community and deciding on appropriate interventions, and using data from health care institutions do not demonstrate the engagement of the community when making decisions about what the community actually wants and needs. 8. Which of the following public health nurses most clearly fulfills the responsibilities of this role? a. The nurse who met with several groups to discuss community recreation issues b. The nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health age ncies c. The nurse who talked to several people about their particular health concerns d. The nurse who watched the city council meeting on local cable television ANS: B Any of these descriptions might represent a nurse communicating, cooperating, or colla borating with community residents or groups about health concerns. However, the nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies is the most representative, because in public health, concerns are addressed from a broader perspective. I n public health, broad concerns of the community should be addressed. Concerns are broader than recreation, individual concerns are not as important as aggregate priorities, and watching television (a one -way form of communication) is less effective than i nteracting with others. NURSINGTB.COM 9. Which of the following best defines aggregate? a. A large group of persons b. A collection of individuals and families c. A collection of people who share one or more characteristics d. Another name for demographic group ANS: C An aggregate is defined a collection of people who share one or more personal or environmental characteristics. Members of a community can be defined in terms of either geography (e.g., a county, a group of counties, or a state) or a special i nterest (e.g., children attending a particular school). These members make up a population. The term population may be used interchangeably with the term aggregate. A large group of persons, a collection of individuals and families, and another name for demograhpic group are not accurate definitions of the term aggregate. 10. A registered nurse was just employed as a public health nurse. Which question would be the most relevant for the nurse to ask? a. “Which groups are at the greatest risk for problems?” b. “Which patients should I see first as I begin my day?” c. “With which physicians will I be most closely collaborating?” d. “With which nursing assistants will I partner the most?” ANS: A Asking which groups are at greatest risk reflects a community -oriented perspective. The incorrect responses reflect a focus on individuals rather than a community -oriented perspective. 11. Making sure that essential community -oriented health services are available defines which of the core public health functions? a. Policy development b. Assessment c. Assurance d. Scientific knowledge -based care ANS: C Assurance includes making sure that essential community -oriented health services are available in the community. The definition does not fit the terms assessment, policy development. Scientific knowledge - based care is not a core function of public health. Assessment is systematic data collection on the population, monitoring the population’s health status, a nd making information available about the health of the community. Policy development refers to efforts to develop policies that support the health of the population, including using a scientific knowledge base to make policy decisions. 12. When talking t o a women’s group at the senior citizens’ center, the nurse reminded them that the only way the center would be able to afford to provide transportation services for them would be for them to continue to write letters to their local city council representa tives requesting funding for such a service. What was the nurse trying to accomplish through this action? a. Ensure that the women did not expect the nurse to solve their problem. b. Demonstrate that the nursNe uRnderIstooGd tBhe.wComMen’s concerns and nee ds. c. Express empathy, support, and concern. d. Help the women engage in political action. ANS: D Public health nurses engage themselves and others in policy development and encourage and assist persons to communicate their needs to those with the power t o take action. The nurse is demonstrating the role of advocate through this action, it goes beyond merely understanidng the women’s concern, and instead mobilizes them to take action. This action does not demonstrate the nurse showing empathy rather the nu rse is empowering these women. 13. The public health nurse has a clear vision of what needs to be done and where to begin to improve the health of the community. Why would the nurse spend time meeting with community groups to discuss the most important ta sk to be addressed first? a. To increase the group’s self -esteem b. To maintain communication links with the groups c. To make the groups feel good about their contribution d. To work with the groups, not for the groups ANS: D Historically, health care providers have been accused of providing care for or to people without actually involving the recipients in the decisions. Public health nursing is a “with the people” —not a “to the people” or “for the people” —approach to planning . The purpose of meeting with community groups is not to increase their self -esteem or make them feel good about their contribution, rather it is to allow them to act for themselves to solve the problems they are facing. The first task of working with the group should occur before addressing maintaining communication links. 14. The nurse often has to make resource allocation decisions. Which of the following best describes the criterion the nurse should use in such cases? a. The specific moral or ethical p rinciple related to the situation b. The cheapest, most economical approach c. The most rational probable outcome d. The needs of the aggregate rather than a few individuals ANS: D The dominant needs of the population outweigh the expressed needs of one or a few people. All of the choices represent components of a decision that the nurse might consider in determining the needs of the aggregate. 15. Which of the following actions best represents public health nursing? a. Assessing the effectiveness of the h igh school health clinic b. Caring for clients in their home following their outpatient surgeries c. Providing care to children and their families at the school clinic d. Administering follow -up care for pediatric clients at an outpatient clinic ANS: A A public health or populationN -fUocRuSseIdNapGpTroBac.hCwOoMuld look at the entire group of children being served to determine whether available services are effective in achieving the goal of improving the health of the school population. Caring for clients and their families focuses on individuals and families and not on the entire population. Public health focuses on care of populations. 16. Two nurses plan to walk under a huge downtown bridge where various homeless persons live. Why would the nurses go to such an unsafe area? a. To assess the needs of the homeless who live there b. To demonstrate their courage and commitment c. To distribute some of their own surplus clothes to those who can use them d. To share with various churches and other charities wh at is needed ANS: A In most nursing practices, the client seeks out and requests assistance. In public health nursing, the nurse often reaches out to those who might benefit from a service or intervention, beginning with assessment of needs. The other answ ers reflect responses where the nurse is trying to give assistance to this population that may or may not be helpful or welcomed. MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Which of the following variables have led to a stronger commitment to population -focused services? (Select all that apply.) a. Economic turmoil and demand for high -technology care b. Emergence of new or drug -resistant infectious diseases c. Emphasis o n overall health care needs rather than only on acute care treatment d. Threat of bioterrorism ANS: B, C, D As overall health needs become the focus of care in the United States, a stronger commitment to population -focused services is emerging. Threats of bioterrorism, anthrax scares, and the emergence of modern -day epidemics have drawn attention to population -focused safety and services. Economic turmoil and demand for high -technology care have not contributed to a stronger commitment to population -focused services, rather it has occurred as overall health needs have become the focus of care. 2. Which of the following actions demonstrate effective public health nursing practice in the community? (Select all that apply.) a. Epidemiologic investigations exam ine the environment for health hazards. b. New services are organized where particular vulnerable populations live. c. Partnerships are established with community coalitions. d. Staff members at the public health agency continue to increase in number. ANS: A, B, C Evidence that public health nurses are practicing effectively in the community would include organizing services where people live, work, play, and learn; working in partnerships and with coalitions; and participating in epidemiologic studies. Inc reasing number of staff does not have a relationship to the effectiveness of public health nursing practice. 3. Why are nurses increasingly providing care in clients’ homes rather than in hospitals? (Select all that apply.) NURSINGTB.COM a. Home car e is less expensive. b. It is much more efficient to give care in the home. c. Nurses prefer to give home care with individual attention. d. People prefer to receive care in their homes rather than in hospitals. ANS: A, D An increasing number of clients ar e receiving care in the home because it is less expensive and clients prefer to receive care in familiar and comfortable settings. It is not more efficient nor more convenient, since travel time has to be considered. Nurses differ as to their preferred emp loyment setting. Chapter 02: The History of Public Health and Public and Community Health Nursing Stanhope: Foundations for Population Health in Community/Public Health Nursing, 5th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A nurse is considering applying for a position as a public h ealth nurse. Which of the following would be a reason this position would be appealing? a. Its autonomy and independence b. Its focus on acute care and immediately visible outcomes c. Its collaboration with other health care professionals d. Its flexibilit y and higher wages ANS: A Public health nursing is known for its autonomy and independence. In many instances, there are limited other health care professionals and staff with whom to interact. In -patient acute care nurses focus on acute care with outcomes known fairly quickly. Acute care nurses collaborate frequently with other health care professionals. Depending on the position there may be more flexibility, but typically public health nurses do not receive higher wages. 2. The Elizabethan Poor Law of 1 601 is similar to which current law? a. Welfare b. Food stamps c. Medicaid d. Medicare ANS: C NURSINGTB.COM The Elizabethan Poor Law guaranteed medical care for poor, blind, and “lame” individuals, similar to Medicaid. Welfare and food stamps do not provide for medical care. Medicare provides medical care to primarily the elderly population. 3. How did the Industrial Revolution result in previous caregiving approaches, such as care by families, friends, and neighbors, becoming inadequate? a. Economic and political wars resulted in frequent death and injuries. b. Incredible plagues consistently and constantly swept the European continent. c. Migration and urbanization resulted in increased demand for care. d. Caregivers could easily find other employment, so they demanded to be paid. ANS: C Care became inadequate because of the social changes in Europe, with great advances in transportation , communication, and other technologies. The increased mobility led to migration and urbanization, which in turn led to increased need for care. The Industrial Revolution was a time of great advances in technology, transportation, and communication, not a time of economic and political unrest or a time where incredible plagues occurred in Europe. Caregivers during this time period were typically poorly educated and untrained, so there was not an issue related to wages or employment. 4. A colonist is workin g in the public health sector in early colonial America. Which of the following activities would have likely been completed? a. Establishing schools of nursing b. Developing vaccines to administer to large numbers of people c. Collecting vital statistics and improving sanitation d. Developing public housing and almshouses ANS: C Collecting vital statistics and improving sanitation are examples of activities from the early colonial America. Establishing schools of nursing, developing vaccines to administer to large numbers of people, and developing public housing and almshouses all happened after the colonial period. 5. Why did American citizens become interested in establishing government -sponsored boards of health? a. They were afraid of infectious disea ses such as yellow fever. b. The government could force the poverty -stricken to accept care. c. Such boards could tax and thereby ensure adequate funds to pay for care. d. Such a system would allow for accurate records of births and deaths. ANS: A Threat o f disease, especially yellow fever, led to public interest in establishing government -sponsored, or official, boards of health. The threat of disease was the impotus for creation of the boards of establishing boards of health. The primary interest of the b oards of health was to provide public health services for the entire population and not only those who were poverty -stricken. The primary purpose of the boards of health was not to collect accurate vital statistics or receive tax dollars rather its purpose was to ensure the health of the population. 6. A nurse was employed by the Marine Hospital Service in 1800. Which of the following interventions would the nurseNmUoRsSt lIikNelGy ThaBv.e CcoOmMpleted? a. Setting policy on quarantine legislation for immig rants b. Establishing hospital -based programs to care for the sick at home c. Identifying and improving environmental conditions d. Providing health care for merchant seamen ANS: D Providing health care to seamen was an early effort by the federal government to improve public health. The purpose of the Marine Hospital Service was to secure its maritime trade and seacoast cities. Quarantine legislation was enacted by legislation durin g this time period, but the nurse would not have been responsible for setting these policies. Nursing care for clients in the home began in the first half of the 1800s through a variety of agencies including the Ladies’ Benevolent Society of Charleston Sou th Carolina. Identifying and improving environmental conditions was a focus of the public boards of health, not necessarily specifically a role of the nurse. 7. What was the outcome of the Shattuck Report? a. Efforts to control alcohol and drug abuse, as well as tobacco use, were initiated. b. Environmental sanitation efforts became an immediate priority. c. Guidelines for modern public health organizations were eventually developed. d. Local and state governments established boards of health after its pub lication. ANS: C It took 19 years for the first of Shattuck’s recommendations to be implemented, but his report was the first effort to create a modern public health organization. This report called for broad changes to improve the public’s health to tak e place; however, these changes did not happen immediately after publication. They took 19 years to be implemented in the first state of Massachusetts. The report included establishment of a state heatlh department and local health boards in every town, sa nitary surveys, and food, drug, and communicable disease control, but none of these changes happened quickly. 8. Which of the following nurses is famous for creating public health nursing in the United States? a. Florence Nightingale b. Frances Root c. Lillian Wald d. Mrs. Solomon Loeb ANS: C Lillian Wald established the Henry Street Settlement and later emerged as the established leader of public health nursing during its early decades. Mrs. Solomon Loeb was a wealthy layperson who assisted Mary Brewster in the establishment of the Henry Street Nurses Settlement. Francis Root was the first trained nurse in the United States who was salaried as a visiting nurse. Florence Nightingale had many accomplishments, but none of these occurred in the United States. 9. Which of the following would have been the focus of a school nurse in the early 20th century? a. Investigating causes of absenteeism b. Teaching school as well as being a nurse c. Promoting nursing as an NautoRnomIouGs prBac.ticCe M d. Providing medi cal treatment to enable children to return to school ANS: A Early school nursing focused on investigating causes of absenteeism. Providing medical treatment was the responsibility of physicians. School nurses did not teach in the schools nor were they part of an autonomous practice during this time period. 10. A nurse is reviewing the original work of the National Organization for Public Health Nursing. Which of the following accomplishments of today was started within this organization? a. Requiring that public health nurses have a baccalaureate degree in nursing b. Standardizing public health nursing education c. Developing public health nursing competencies d. Opening the Henry Street Settlement ANS: B The National Organization for Public Health Nursing sought to improve the educational and services standards of public health nursing. The Henry Street Settlement was already in existence and was opened by Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster. The baccalaureate degree in nursing was not developed yet. Public health nursing competencies were developed by the Quad Council. 11. Why were nurses so unprepared for public health nursing in the early 20th century? a. Public health nursing had not yet been created as a f ield. b. No one would teach the nurses how to engage in public health activities. c. Nightingale’s textbook did not include content on public health nursing. d. Nurses were educated in diploma schools, which focused on care of hospitalized clients. ANS: D Nursing school courses taught in diploma schools of nursing emphasized hospital care of patients; thus, nurses were unprepared for home visiting. The specialty of public health nursing practice was developed in the early 1800s. There was not a lack of te achers for this activity, rather the focus of nursing care was in the acute care setting and not in the community. Nightingale did not have a published textbook. 12. A nurse is considering joining the American Public Health Association (APHA). What inform ation about this organization should be considered when making this decision? a. APHA focuses on the public health concerns of the medical profession. b. APHA represents concerns of nursing specialty practices. c. APHA provides a national forum for nurses to discuss their public health concerns. d. APHA focuses on providing health promotion education to the public. ANS: C APHA was formed to facilitate interprofessional efforts and promote the “practical application of public hygiene.” The Public Health Nurs ing Section within APHA provides nurses with a national forum to discuss their concerns and strategies within the larger context of the major public health organization. It also serves as a focus of leadership and policy development for community/public he alth nursing. The focus of public health concerns of the APHA is broader than only the medical profession. The APHA focuses on concerns of public health nurses, not all nursing specialty practice. The APHA focuses on practical application of public hygiene , which is broader than only heNaUlthRpSroImNoGtiTonBe.dCucOatMion. 13. Why did the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company establish and retain for several years the first community nursing health program for policyholders? a. Creating such a service was the morally correct thing to do. b. Employing nurses directly was less expensive than paying taxes to the city for the same purpose. c. Having the company’s nurses make home visits increased worker morale. d. Having public health nurses visit policyholders and their families led to a decline in policyholder deaths, thus lowering costs for the insurance company. ANS: D Metropolitan Life saw an average decline of 7% in the mortality rate of policyholders and almost a 20% decline in the deaths of children under the age of 3 years. The insurance company attributed this improvement and the associated reduced costs to the wor k of visiting nurses. There was limited funding in the early twentieth centurty to extending nursing services in the community; thus, home visiting was a very expensive service to provide. Although Metropolitan Life Insurance Company may have increased worker morale that was not the primary reason for continuation of the program. 14. Which client would have been most likely to receive care from the Frontier Nursing Service? a. An injured soldier b. A homebound, elderly male c. A woman in labor d. A child with a broken femur ANS: C The Frontier Nursing Service nurses were trained in nursing, public health, and midwifery and provided care to rural and inaccessible areas, which led to reduced mortality. Care for soldiers, elderly, and children was not the fo cus of the care provided by the Frontier Nursing Service. 15. A public health nurse is determining what type of programming should be developed for the community. Which of the following is the most crucial factor that will influence program development?