(Test Bank) Social Psychology

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Psychology

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Test Bank for Social Psychology, The downloadable file consists of 484 pages, and the total size of the file is 1.12 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

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Social Psychology Test Bank QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS CONTENTS Preface Chapter 1 Social Psychology: The Science of the Social Side of Life 1 Chapter 2 Social Cognition: How we think About the Social World 27 Chapter3SocialPerception:Perceivingand UnderstandingOthers53 Chapter4TheSelf:AnsweringtheQuestion,―WhoAmI?‖79 Chapter 5 Attitudes: Evaluating and Responding to the Social World 105 Chapter6TheCauses,Effects,andCuresofStereotyping,PrejudiceandDiscrimi nation131 Chapter 7 Interpersonal Attraction and Close Relationships 155 Chapter 8 Social Influence: Changing Others‘ Behavior 179 Chapter9ProsocialBehavior:HelpingOthers205 Chapter10Aggression:ItsNature,Causes,andControl231 Chapter11GroupsandIndividuals:TheConsequencesofBelonging257 Chapter12SocialPsycho logy:Applying ItsPrinciplestoLaw, Health,andBusiness283 Chapter1:SocialPsychology:TheScienceoftheSocialSideofLife TESTBANK CHAPTER1SOCIALPSYCHOLOGY:THESCIENCEOFTHESOCIALSIDEO FLIFE MULTIPLE -CHOICEQUESTIONS 1) Thebranchofpsychologythatseekstounderstandthenature andcause sof individualbehavior and thoughtinsocialsituationsis . A) generalpsychology B) socialpsychology C) organizationalpsychology D) appliedpsychology E) interpersonalpsychology Answer: BPageRef:5 -6 2) Socialpsychologistsfocustheirattentionmainlyonindividualsbecause . A) ourbehaviorisinfluencedbytheactionsofotherindividualsinsocialsituati ons B) thebehaviorofgroupsistoodifficulttostudyinlaboratoryconditions C) culturaldifferenceshaveastrongeffectonthebehaviorofgroupsbutonlya weakeffect on individuals D) someindividualsaremorestrongly affectedbysocietythanareothers E) societydoesn'thavemuchinfluenceoverhowindividualsshouldbehaveinmo st situations Answer: APageRef:5 -6 3) Asascientificdiscipline,socialpsychologystrivesfor . A) anon-skepticalunderstandingofunobservableforces B) aunifiedtheory ofgroupbehavior C) anobjectiveunderstandingofbehavior D) anarrowfocusonthedeterminantsofgroupbehavior E) asubjectiveunderstandingofgroupfunctions Answer: CPageRef: 6 4) SocialPsychologyembraces ascorescientificvalues. A) accuracy,objectivity,skepticism,andopen -mindedness B) accuracy,objectivity,statisticalsupport,andopen -mindedness C) objectivity,theoreticalcoherence,open -mindedness,andskepticism D) theoreticalcoherence,participant -observerapproach,client - centeredstance,skepticism E) open-mindedness,skepticism,statisticalsupport, theoreticalcoherence Answer: APageRef: 6 5) Thefocusofsocialpsychologyison . A) theprocessessocietyusetodirectandcontrolthebehaviorofindivi duals B) howgroupsdefineandshapesociety C) thebehaviorandthoughtsofindividuals D) theactionsofsmallgroupsofindividuals E) theeffectsthat societymayhaveongroupbehavior Answer: CPageRef: 6 1 SocialPsychology,12thEdition 6) Whytakeascientificapproach?Partoftheanswerliesinthe natureofproverbs,axioms,m aximsandthelike. A) contradictory B) anecdotal C) medieval D) Socratic E) rhetoricalAn swer: APageRef:6 -7 7) Kimknows sheneedstogotakesummercourses,butworriesaboutleavin gher newboyfriendfor3 months.Shewonders,will"absencemaketheheartgostronger"betrue,oris "Out ofsight, out of mind" moreapplicable.Thisisanexampleof . A) theunscientificnatureofconventionalwisdom B) confusionregardinganinterpersonalproblem C) theseductivenatureofjealousy D) theneedforfemaleadvice E) theneedforbettercommunicationwithherboyfriend Answer: APageRef: 7 8) Onereasonthatsocialscientistsputtheirfaithinthescientificmethodisthat . A) thescientificmethodproduces incontrovertibleproofoftheaccuracyoftheirt heories B) thescientificmethodassuresacceptanceoftheirconclusionsbythegene ralpublic C) thescientificmethodsubstantiatesthestatusquo D) thescientificmethodallowsscientiststorelyontheirownintuition E) thescientificmethodproduces moreconclusiveevidencethanothermet hods Answer: EPageRef:7 -8 9) Theplanningfallacyis . A) atendencyforindividualstobelievethatprojectswilltakelesstimethantheyact ually do B) abiasthatsomepeoplehaveinplanningforworst -casescenarios C) atendencytorelyonourmemoriesofpreviou ssimilaractivitieswhenplanni ngfutureprojects D) themistakenbeliefthatonecancompletelyplanforsocialencounters E) atechniqueusedbysomesocialpsychologistswhenstudyinggroupinter actions Answer: APageRef: 8 10) Armando,basedonhisestimateofhowlongitwouldtakehimtocomple tehismid-term essay,told hisinstructorhewouldturninthepaperonTuesday,butwaslateturningitin,causin ghis instructor to deductalettergradefromthepaper.NexttimeArmandomakessuchapromisebase donaplan, hewill likely . A) rememberthenegativeconsequenceheexperienced,andturnt hepap erinontime B) morecarefullyexaminehowtogoaboutdoingthepaperontime C) basehisestimateonanoutlineofthepaper D) makearrangementstoworkawayfromhisnoisyroommates E) makethesameplanningerror,andbelateagain Answer: EPageRef: 8 2 Chapter1:SocialPsychology:The ScienceoftheSocialSideofLife 11) Socialpsychologistsareprimarilyinterestedinunderstandingthemanyfacto rsandconditionsthat shapethesocial and ofindividuals. A) behavior;thought B) behavior;planning C) emotion;cognition D) emotion;addiction E) thought;judgment Answer: APageRef: 8-9 12) WhichofthefollowingcategoriesisNOToneofthefivecategoriesmentio nedinyourtext regarding factorsaffectingsocialinteraction? A) noneofthesecategorieswerementioned B) perceptualprocesses C) cognitiveprocesses D) environmentalvariables E) biologicalfactors Answer:B PageRef:8-11 13) Thewayswethinkaboutotherpeopleandthethingswerememberaboutt hem mayhaveaneffecton ourbehavior.Thesethoughtsandmemoriesareexamplesof . A) socialprocesses B) culturalprocesses C) interpersonalprocesses D) historicalprocesses E) cognitiveprocesses Answer:E PageRef:9 -10 14) LaShawnameetsanothergirlatapartywhoisnotfromLaShawna'sethnic group,andwhom LaShawnajudges,basedonherstereotypeofthatgroup,isprobablyshallowan dagossip.Thebest descriptionofLaShawna'sjudgmentisthatsheisengagedin . A) asocialcognitiveprocess B) culturalnorming C) prejudice D) judgingabookbyitscover E) atypicalinteractionbetweenyoungfemales Answer:A PageRef:9 -10 15) RadhaisfromIndiaandisJana'sfriend.InmakingajudgmentaboutRadha' sreasonforbeinglate forcoffee,JanamayinferthatRadhawaslatebecauseshehadaconfusingday,o rJanamaydecidethat Radhadoesn'treallyhavemuchrespectforherschedule.Thisisbestexplainedasa nexampleof a . A) cognitiveprocess B) environmentalvariable C) culturalcontext D) biologicalfactor E) personalitytrait Answer:A PageRef:9 -10 16) Peopletendtobecomemoreirritableandaggressive whentheweatherishot andhumid.Thisfact is anexampleoftheeffectsof onsocialbehavior. A) environmentalvariables B) biologicalprocesses C) cognitiveprocesses D) culturalcontext E) interpersonalvariables Answer: APageRef:1 0 3 SocialPsychology,12thEdition 17) Themoonisfull,and Cristinelhasbeenbehavingwildly.Althoughsober ,he's beenalternately barkinglikeadogatstrangersonthestreet,and/oraskingthem,"aren'tya'justhappy now?"Itis possible thatCristinel'sbehaviorisdueto . A) themoonasanenvironmentalinfluence B) anundiagnosedmentali llness C) aculturalnormimportedfromhisTransylvanianhomeland D) agoodgradeonhismidtermpaper E) thefactthathehasnotseenhisdogsinceschoolstarted Answer: APageRef:1 0 18) ThedivorcerateintheUnitedStateshaschangeddramaticallysincethe19 50s.This changemaybe explainedinpartbyth eeffectthat haveonbehavior. A) biologicalfactors B) environmentalvariables C) intrapersonalconflicts D) culturalbeliefs E) cognitiveprocesses Answer: DPageRef:1 0 19) Thesocialrulesconcerninghowindividualsshouldbehaveinspecificsituat ionsareknownas . A) mores B) culturalbeliefsand norms C) civilstandards D) socialvalues E) cognitivefactors Answer: BPageRef:1 0 20) Thesystemofsharedmeanings,perceptions,andbeliefsheldbypers onsbelongingtothesame groupisknownas . A) normativecontext B) culture C) socialization D) civilization E) interpersonalbackground Answer: BPageRef:1 0 21) Thebranchofpsychologythatseekstoexaminethepotentialroleofgeneticfactors indifferent aspectsofhumanbehaviorisknownas . A) psychologyofperception B) physiological psychology C) culturalpsychology D) evolutionarypsychology E) socialpsychology Answer:D PageRef:10 -11 22) Thevariationreferredtobyevolutionarypsychologistsisthat . A) someindividualmembersofaspeciesvaryonimportanttraitswhileother sdonot B) individualmembersofanygivenspeciesdifferfromeachotherinmanyways C) evolvedtraitsexhibitmoreintraindividualvariationth andononevolvedtraits D) membersofdifferentspeciesdifferfromeachotherinmanyways E) particulartraitsofindividualsmayvaryoverthelifespan Answer: BPageRef:1 1 4 Chapter1:SocialPsychology:TheScienceoftheSocialSideofLife 23) Theevolutionaryperspectiveonsocialpsychology suggeststhat . A) weinheritspecificpatternsofsocialbehavior B) weinheritbiologicalpredispositionsthathavenoeffectonouractualbeha vior C) ourbiologicalinheritancedeterminesmanyoftheactionswetake D) wearedrivenbyourgenestoactinspecificways E) weinherittendenciestobehavein certainways Answer: EPageRef:1 1 24) Despitesomevariation,thereappeartobeuniversalmatingpref erencesforcertainphysicalfeatures. Thisfactsuggeststhattheseattractivenessfeaturesareinfluencedby . A) evolutionaryfactors B) culturalcontext C) cognitiveprocesses D) developmental perspectives E) individualdifferences Answer:A PageRef:11 -12 25) Theevolutionaryperspectiveonsocialbehaviorsuggeststhat . A) wearedrivenbyourgenestoactinspecificways B) muchofourbehaviorisbiologicallydeterminedandcannotbecons ciouslyknown C) weinheritspecific patternsofsocialbehavior D) weinherittendenciesorpredispositionstobehaveincertainways E) wecannotactcountertothedrivesestablishedbyourgeneticinherit ance Answer:D PageRef:11 -12 26) Basedona(n) ,achild,earlyinlife,ismorelikelytolooklike . A) evolutionaryperspective;its father B) culturalview;itsmother C) evolutionaryperspective;otherkidsitssameage D) environmentalperspective;itssibling(s),ifany,morethaneitherparent E) evolutionaryperspective;itsmother Answer: APageRef:12 27) is the area of psychology that studies the interplay betweenbrainevents andthought, emotionandbehavior. A) Socialneuroscience B) Socialphrenology C) Nuclearresonanceimaging D) Eventrelatedpotentials E) PETscans Answer: APageRef:14 28) Recentneuroscienceresearchhasdemonstratedthatprejudiceact uallyhastwounderlying dimensions, and ,witheachdimensionhavingaloworhighvalue. A) warmth;competence B) attractiveness;competence C) warmth;how"different"fromus D) homogeneity;heterogeneity E) commonlanguage;similarapparentgoals Answer:A PageRef:14 -15 5 SocialPsychology,12thEdition 29) Inonestudy,whenpartici pantsencounteredapersonwhowas onbothwarmthand competence,neuralcircuitrythatnormallyrespondstothepresenceofahuma nbeing . A) low;wasnotactivated,asifthepersonwerenothuman B) high;wasnotactivated,becausemorecomplexcognitionisinvolvedinrespo nsestothesepersons C) low;wasincapacitatedforseveralhours D) high;showedapositive,butuncomprehending,response E) high;showedapositiveresponsetoallsocialobjectsforseveralhours Answer: APageRef:1 5 30) processes represent those factors and processes whichinfluencethought, feelingsor behaviorsa ndofwhichweareeithernotawareoronlydimlyaware. A) Implicit B) Explicit C) Neural D) Commonsense E) Immediate Answer: APageRef:16 31) Louisdoesn'tthinkheisaveryworthwhileperson,andspendsmostofhistime engagedinbad businessdeals.Havingbeeninfluencedbya(n) process, Louishasrelocatedto . A) implicit;St.Louis,MO B) explicit;FortWorth,TX C) implicit;Goldhill,CO D) cognitive;St.Louis,MO E) intentional;Dimebox,TX Answer: APageRef:1 7 32) Inonestudy,3 -month- oldAfrican infantswhohadgrownupwithmainlyAfricanpeople, or who hadgrownupwithamixture ofbothAfricanandCaucasianpeople,wereshownph otosof bothAfrican peopleandCaucasianpeople.Whiletheinfantsfromthefirstgroupspentmoretimel ookingatphotosof Africans,thesecondgroupshowednosuchpreference,demonstratingthat . A) aninnateown -racepreferenceexisted B) therewasanimplicitinfluenceforattractiontothephotosofpersonsreflecti ngtheracialmake -upof thosewithwhomtheyhadgrownup C) therewasanexplicitattractionforpeopleoftheirownrace D) AfricansareimplicitlyattractedtophotosofAfricans E) timespentlookingatphotosinsuchastudydoesnot demonstrateexplici tly-influencedattraction Answer: BPageRef:1 7 33) Recentresearchonimplicitprocessesdemonstratethatsuchpro cesses . A) arerelativelyunimportantinoursocialbehaviorandthought B) arequiteinfluentialinoursocialbehaviorandthought C) areextremelydifficulttostu dyandthereforeoflittleuse D) oftenshowstronginfluence,butareimpossibletoproperlyinterpret E) arebecominglessofaninterestinthefieldofsocialpsychology Answer: BPageRef:1 7 6 Chapter1:SocialPsychology:TheScienceoftheSocialSideofLife 34) A(n) insocialpsychology intheU.S. A) multiculturalperspective;recognizesanarrowingofdiversity B) multiculturalperspective;recognizesawideningofdiversity C) neuroscientificview;seesauniversalityofbrainfunction,asopposedtodivers ity D) socialcognitiveperspective;viewsmulticulturalismasembracingste reotypesabout socialgroups E) environmentalview;seesminoritygroupwell - beingasprimarilyagoodness -of-fitproblem Answer: BPageRef:1 8 35) A multicultural perspective is recognized as increasingly important toresearchinsocialpsychology because . A) culturalfactors suchasraceorethnicityhelpdetermineself -identity B) someculturalfactorsmaybeimportant,butthesefactorshavenotyetbeenid entified C) culturalfactorsareonlyimportantinsomeareasofresearch,suchasresear chdealingwithfacial recognition D) culturalfactorshaveaweakinfluenceonso cialbehavior E) culturalfactorsarerelativelyunimportantinaheterogeneoussociety Answer: APageRef:1 8 36) Theprocessofcarefullyobservingbehaviorasitoccursisknownas . A) systematicobservation B) socialobservation C) naturalisticobservation D) quasi-experimentalobservation E) correlationalobservation Answer: APageRef:2 1 37) Theobservationofbehaviorasitoccursinnaturalsettingsisknownas . A) correlationalobservation B) socialobservation C) quasi-experimentalobservation D) naturalisticobservation E) systematicobservation Answer: DPageRef:2 1 38) Inordertodeterminewhetherpeoplehaveastrongorweakpreferenceforthe color of their cookware,acompanywantstocollectinformationfrommanyofitspastcustomers.I fthenumber ofpast customersisverylarge,thecompanymaywanttoconsiderusing methods. A) mysteryshopper B) survey C) naturalisticobservation D) fieldexperimental E) quasi-experimental Answer: BPageRef:2 2 39) Thepeoplewhocompleteasurveymustberepresentativeofthepopul ationabout whichconclusions aretobedrawn.Thisisknownastheissueof . A) perverseresponders B) representation C) marginoferror D) diversity E) sampling Answer: EPageRef:2 27 SocialPsychology,12thEdition 40) Aresearcherworkedwith membersofapoliticalactioncommittee(PAC )tosurvey potentialvoters bytelephonebeforeanelection.PACmembersconductedthepollthemselveswhil etheresearcher tabulatedthe results.Thepollaskedwhichcandidatepeopleplantovoteforinthe upcomingelection. Whichofthefollowingmaypresentproblemsfortheaccuracyoftheresults? A) Noneofthesewillpresentproblemsfortheaccuracyoftheresults. B) Onequestionwas"DoyouplantovoteforCandidateAorCandidateB?" C) Thesurveywasscheduledtocoincidewithalargerallyforonecandid ate. D) Allofthesemaypresentproblemsfortheaccuracyoftheresults. E) Thesampleofpotentialvoterswastakenfromtelephonedirectoriesonly. Answer:D PageRef:22 -23 41) Supposeacompanyaskeditsworkers"Nowthatyouhave receivedaraise,h owsatisfiedareyou withyourjob?,"andfoundoutthat87%indicatedtheywere"verysatisfied"or"satis fied."Amajor concernofthisstudywouldlikelybe . A) thewaythequestionwasasked