(Test Bank) Psychology in Your Life

Grison, Heatherton, Gazzaniga, 2

Psychology

Test Bank

2nd Edition

• $15.00 $50.00

---

Description

Test Bank for Psychology in Your Life, The downloadable file consists of 370 pages, and the total size of the file is 2.5 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Grison, Heatherton, Gazzaniga

---

---

Study Note Preview

Test Bank for Psychology in Your Life 2e Sarah Grison , Todd Heatherton , Michael Gazzaniga (All Chapters) Chapter 01: Introducing the World of Psychology MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is the best definition of psychology? a. the study of the brain and its inner function b. the analysis of the mind and its unconscious thoughts c. the study of mental activity and behavior based on brain processes d. the study of thoughts, social interactions, and emotions ANS: C DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.1a | Remember the key terms about psychology. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 2. Allanah has declared psychology as her major. Because of this, Allanah will most likely study a. the structure and function of the brain. b. mental disorders and their treatment. c. feelings, memory, and other inner states. d. mental activity, behavior, and the brain. ANS: D DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.1a | Remember the key terms about psychology. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Remembering 3. Barry states that ps ychology is the study of mental activity. Candace remarks that psychology is the science of behavior. Which is the correct evaluation of these two statements? a. Barry’s definition is correct; Candace’s definition is incorrect. b. Barry’s definition is co rrect; Candace’s definition is correct. c. Taken together, the statements are correct. d. Barry’s definition is incorrect; Candace’s definition is correct. ANS: C DIF: Difficult OBJ: 1.1a | Remember the key terms about psychology. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding 4. According to the textbook, “friendly skepticism” is an important element in a type of reasoning called a. functionalism. c. structuralism. b. introspection. d. critical thinking. ANS: D DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.1b | Apply critical thinking to your life. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 5. Critical thinking is best defined as thinking that a. systematically evaluates information. b. criticizes others’ opinions. c. is open -minded and creative. d. uses inferences but does not solve problems. ANS: A DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.1b | Apply critical thinking to your life. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 6. “Friendly skepticism” means a. finding flaws in an argument or claim. b. being open to new ideas, while also being careful before accepting them. c. asking a scientist to make his or her findings public so that they can be better evaluated. d. accepting all claims, as long as they are based on the scientific method. ANS: B DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.1b | Apply critical thinking to your life. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Understanding 7. Which of the following is an example of critical thinking? a. believing that sugar causes headaches because your head hurts after you eat a candy bar b. concluding that eating spinach leads to a longer life after seeing an ad for spinach on television c. using a personal example to explain the importance of time management d. concluding that exercise is beneficial after evaluating the evidence of a research study ANS: D DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.1b | Apply critical thinking to your life. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Understanding 8. Talisa is writing a paper on critical thinking. She wants to explain how critical th inking differs from everyday thinking. Accordingly, which sentence is Talisa most likely to include in her paper about the differences between critical thinking and everyday thinking? a. Critical thinking evaluates information and scientific research to ma ke reasonable conclusions. b. Everyday thinking evaluates information and scientific research to make reasonable conclusions. c. Critical thinking relies on personal examples more than scientific evidence for making conclusions. d. Critical thinking and everyday thinking often result in the same conclusions. ANS: A DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.1b | Apply critical thinking to your life. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 9. You are confident that your new roommate is a critical thinker after noticing the following bumper sticker on his car: a. “Show me the evidence!” c. “Trust your gut!” b. “The only truth is no truth.” d. “What is the meaning of life?” ANS: A DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.1b | Apply critical thinking to your life. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 10. You are discussing your psychology class with your aunt Annalise. She asks you, “Can psychology really help people study?” You correctly ans wer, a. “Not really; psychologists generally agree that the field of education is better suited to provide people with techniques for studying.” b. “Yes; psychological studies have shown that cramming before an exam can improve memory.” c. “Yes; psycholo gy provides us with techniques for improving memory and understanding.” d. “It depends; psychology can enhance students’ learning, but most people wi ll have difficulty using psychology to help them study.” ANS: C DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.1c | Apply psychology to your life. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Understanding 11. Which of the following s tatements best describes psychology? a. Much of psychology is just common sense. b. Much of psychology is about applying common sense to everyday life. c. Psychological principles are highly applicable to everyday life. d. Psychological principles are too scientific to apply to everyday life. ANS: C DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.1c | Apply psychology to your life. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding 12. Jeremy is studying for his final exam. Lauren has taken psychology and gives him a good tip about the best way to study. She correctly says, a. “Be sure to cram in your studying during the night before the final exam.” b. “As you study, connect the inform ation to something personal.” c. “Memorize bold terms by writing and rewriting the definitions.” d. “Study in the morning right before the exam deadline, because stress improves learning.” ANS: B DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.1c | Apply psychology to your life. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Applying 13. Dualism is the classic idea in psychology that a. the mind and the brain are separate entities. b. the mind and the brain are the same entity. c. the mind and the brain are opposing forces. d. there is no mind, just the brain. ANS: A DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.2a | Remember the key terms about what psychologists investigate. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 14. The philosopher who promoted dualism as an explanation of the mind/body problem was a. William James. c. René Descartes. b. Charles Darwin. d. Sigmund Freud. ANS: C DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.2a | Remember the key terms about what psychologists investigate. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 15. The belief that the mind and body are separate but intertwined describes a. dualism. c. the nature/nurture debate. b. structuralism. d. cognitive psychology. ANS: A DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.2a | Remember the key terms about what psychologists investigate. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 16. Freddy and Mary Anne are having a disagreement about the nature/nurture debate. Freddy correctly says, “Actually, the ‘nature’ portion of the debate refers to how a person thinks and acts and is a result of a. early education.” c. prenatal experiences.” b. inborn in fluences.” d. cultural norms.” ANS: B DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.2b | Apply the nature/nurture debate to your own life. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 17. In the nature/nurture debate, the term nature refers to the question of how ________ factors affect the mind, brain, and behavior. a. biological c. either biological or environmental b. environmental d. conscious or unconscious ANS: A DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.2b | Apply the nature/nurture debate to your own life. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding 18. With respect to the nature/nurture debate, psychologists now believe that ________ is/are important in understanding the m ind, brain, and behavior. a. nature c. both nature and nurture b. nurture d. neither nature nor nurture ANS: C DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.2b | Apply the nature/nurture debate to your own life. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding 19. An early school of psychology used introspection to study the basic elements of mental experiences. This school of psychology was called a. functionalism. c. cognitivism. b. behaviorism. d. structuralism. ANS: D DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.2c |Understand the three psychology schools of thought that investigated the conscious mind and the unconscious mind. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 20. Structu ralism is a school of psychology introduced by a. Edward Titchener. c. Charles Darwin. b. William James. d. Sigmund Freud. ANS: A DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.2c |Understand the three psychology schools of thought that investigated the conscious mind and the unconscious mind. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 21. The psychologist most closely associated with the school of func tionalism is a. Sigmund Freud. c. Edward Titchener. b. Wilhelm Wundt. d. William James. ANS: D DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.2c |Understand the three psychology schools of thought that investigated the conscious mind and the unconscious mind. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 22. Functionalism is the school of thought concerned with a. the str uctures of the mind. b. the adaptive purposes of the mind and behavior. c. how unconscious conflicts can lead to mental disorders. d. how the presence of others influences behavior. ANS: B DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.2c |Understand the three psychology schools of thought that investigated the conscious mind and the unconscious mind. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 23. Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species had its strongest infl uence on the school of thought called a. structuralism. c. functionalism. b. Gestalt theory. d. psychoanalytic theory. ANS: C DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.2c |Understand the three psychology schools of thought that investigated the conscious mind and the unconscious mind. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 24. According to the concept of “survival of the fittest,” a. random mutations are always adaptive in helping organisms survive. b. only the biggest organisms will survive. c. organisms that are best adapted to their environment are most likely to survive. d. organisms without random mutations are always more likely to survive. ANS: C DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.2c |Understand the three psychology schools of thought that investigated the conscious mind and the unconscious mind. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psyc hology MSC: Remembering 25. Psychoanalysis is a type of psychological treatment to resolve unconscious conflicts that cause mental disorders. This treatment was developed by a. Wilhelm Wundt. c. William James. b. Sigmund Freud. d. Edward Titchener. ANS: B DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.2c |Understand the three psychology schools of thought that investigated the conscious mind and the unconscious mind. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 26. The person who established the first psychology laboratory, whic h marked the beginning of experimental psychology, was a. Wilhelm Wundt. c. William James. b. Sigmund Freud. d. Edward Titchener. ANS: A DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.2c |Understand the three psychology schools of thought that investigated the conscious mind and the unconscious mind. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 27. The person who is most closely associated with the study of the unconscious is a. Sigmund Freud. c. Wilhelm Wundt. b. William James. d. B. F. Skinner. ANS: A DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.2c |Understand the three psychology schools of thought that investigated the conscious mind and the unconscious mind. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 28. The unconscious mind influences human behavior, according to a. structuralism. c. functionalism. b. psychoanalytic theory. d. behaviorism. ANS: B DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.2c |Understand the three psychology schools of thought that investi gated the conscious mind and the unconscious mind. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 29. Structuralists used a procedure to investigate the conscious parts of the mind. In this procedure an observer described the simple el ements of a mental experience in as much detail as possible. This procedure was called a. introspection. c. psychoanalysis. b. inner perception. d. individual analysis. ANS: A DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.2c |Understand the three psychology schools of thought that investigated the conscious mind and the unconscious mind. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding 30. According to structuralism, the goal of psychology is to a. uncover the unconscious determinants of behavior. b. focus on observable behavior itself. c. explore the basic elements of the conscious experience. d. identify the purposes of our behavior and mental processes. ANS: C DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.2c |Understand the three psychology schools of thought that investigated the conscious mind and the unconscious mind. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding 31. If you are asked to list all the thoughts and experiences you have while answering a test question, you would be engaging in a. critical thinking. c. skepticism. b. psychoanalysis. d. introspection. ANS: D DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.2c |Understand the three psychology schools of thought that investigated the conscious mind and the unconscious mind. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding 32. Dr. Leleux asserts that psychologists should attempt to identify the basic elements of mental experience. Dr. Leleux’s beliefs are most closely matched with the school of thought called a. functionalism. c. structuralism. b. behaviorism. d. Gestalt theory. ANS: C DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.2c |Understand the three psychology schools of thought that investigated the conscious mind and the unconscious mind. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding 33. The theories of Sigmund Freud and his followers a. state that behavior can be altered by the application of reinforcement and punishment. b. emphasize the functions or adaptive purposes of the mind. c. emphasize the concept that the whole is different from the sum of its parts. d. state that much of human behavior is determined by the unconscious. ANS: D DIF: Difficult OBJ: 1.2c |Understand the three psychology schools of thought that investigated the conscious mind and the unconscious mind. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding 34. Noreen believes that our behavior often reflects unconscious m otives and conflicts. This viewpoint is most consistent with the ________ approach in psychology. a. psychoanalytic c. cognitive b. structuralist d. behaviorist ANS: A DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.2c |Understand the three psychology schools of thought that investigated the conscious mind and the unconscious mind. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Applying 35. The psycho logical approach that emphasizes the role of the environment in influencing behavior is a. psychoanalytic. c. behaviorism. b. cognitive. d. Gestalt theory. ANS: C DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.2d |Evaluate the four psychology schools of thought that investigate behavior and mental activity. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 36. The psychologist who would be mostly likely to focus on mental functions, such as pr oblem solving and decision making, would be a a. behaviorist. c. psychoanalyst. b. cognitive psychologist. d. humanistic psychologist. ANS: B DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.2d |Evaluate the four psychology schools of thought that investigate behavior and mental activity. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 37. The cognitive revolution was launched by a. George Miller. c. B. F. Skinner. b. Sigmund Freud. d. William James. ANS: A DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.2d |Evaluate the four psychology schools of thought that investigate behavior and mental activity. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 38. Gestalt theory is based on the idea that a. the whole is different from the sum of i ts parts. b. the environment affects behavior. c. social situations influence behavior. d. science should be used to understand therapy. ANS: A DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.2d |Eva luate the four psychology schools of thought that investigate behavior and mental activity. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding 39. Which of the following questions do behaviorists attempt to answer? a. Is behavior influenced by mental processes? b. Which is more important, the parts or the unified whole? c. Can unconscious conflicts be fully resolved? d. How does the environment influence behavior? ANS: D DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.2d |Evaluate the four psychology schools of thought that investigate behavior and mental activity. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding 40. Gestalt psychology was developed based on the idea that a person’s experiences are more than just the collection of various parts or elements of consciousness. This idea is in direct contrast with the ________ approach. a. functionalist c. cognitive psychology b. psychoanalytic d. structuralist ANS: D DIF: Difficult OBJ: 1.2d |Evaluate the four psychology schools of thought that investigate behavior and mental activity. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding 41. Your uncle John always argued, “Stop studying mental events that cannot be directl y observed!” Which school of thought would most likely agree with your uncle John? a. cognitive c. Gestalt b. behaviorism d. psychoanalytic ANS: B DIF: Difficult OBJ: 1.2d |Evaluate the four psychology schools of thought that investigate behavior and mental activity. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding 42. Four early psychologists suddenly appear in your psychology department. Who would be most discouraged to hear that modern psychology places a lot of emphasis on the study of mental processes? a. Sigmund Freud c. Edward Titchener b. Wilhelm Wundt d. John Watson ANS: D DIF: Difficult OBJ: 1.2d |Evaluate the four psychology schools of thought that investigate behavior and mental activity. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Understanding 43. Which statement best captures historical t rends in cognitive psychology? a. Before the 1980s, cognitive psychology emphasized the mind; today, it focuses mostly on behavior. b. Before the 1980s, cognitive psychology emphasized the mind; today, it focuses mainly on the brain. c. Before the 1980s, cognitive psychology emphasized the brain; today, it focuses on the mind along with the brain. d. Before the 1980s, cognitive psycholo gy emphasized the mind; today, it focuses on both the mind and the brain. ANS: D DIF: Difficult OBJ: 1.2d |Evaluate the four psychology schools of thought that investigate behavior and mental activity. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding 44. Four psychologists, each from a different psychological perspective, are eating di nner. They notice their waitress is crying. When the waitress leaves, they each provide an explanation for why she is crying. What did the humanistic psychologist most likely say? a. “She is struggling with psychological blockages from unconscious conflict s.” b. “She thinks her job is harming her personal growth and preventing her from realizing her full potential.” c. “She was probably punished by her boss, or denied some expected reward.” d. “She is concerned about her biological clock and that she will not be able to pass on her genes.” ANS: B DIF: Difficult OBJ: 1.2d |Evaluate the four psychology schools of thought that investigate behavior and mental activity. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Applying 45. The shared beliefs, values, rules, and customs that exist within a group make up a person’s a. society. c. civilization. b. culture. d. community. ANS: B DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.3a |Remember the key terms about who psychologists are today. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 3, Ethical and Social Responsibility in a Diverse World MSC: Remembering 46. The subfield of cognitive psychology focuses on a. groups, relationships, and workplace interactions. b. personality, gender, and self -concept. c. norm, beliefs, and values. d. thinking, memory, and attention. ANS: D DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.3a |Remember the key terms about who psychologists are today. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 47. Which of the following is NOT an example of an interpersonal behavior? a. having a fight with your partner b. persuading your boss to give you a day off c. deciding that you should go out more often d. speaking up at a team meeting ANS: C DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.3a |Remember the key terms about who psychologists are today. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding 48. Psychological science occurs at which level(s) of analysis? a. biological c. individual b. social d. all of the possible choices are correct. ANS: D DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.3b |Analyze how psychologists do research at four different levels of analysis. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 49. In psychology, the cultural level of a nalysis emphasizes the study of a. genes and behavior. c. perception and self -concept. b. norms and values. d. individual differences. ANS: B DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.3b |Analyze how psychologists do research at four different levels of analysis. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking | APA Goal 3, Ethical and Social Responsibility in a Diverse World MSC: Remembering 50. The type of psychologists who study, assess, and treat individuals with psychological disorders are called ________ psychologists. a. school c. clinical b. personality d. cognitive ANS: C DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.3b |Analyze how psychologists do research at four different levels of analysis. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Remembering 51. Sean is studying psychology. He decides to use the biological le vel of analysis to interpret his findings. Sean is most likely examining a. how depression results in chemical changes in the brain. b. whether a person’ s personality is stable or changing across the life span. c. how being in a group changes whether a person will engage in illegal behavior. d. how different cultures define mental illness. ANS: A DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.3b |Analyze how psychologists do research at four different levels of analysis. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Understanding 52. Daniel is highly interested in workplace train ing and job placement. He would probably be most interested in speaking to a(n) ________ psychologist. a. counseling c. industrial/organizational b. clinical d. developmental ANS: C DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.3b |Analyze how psychologists do research at four different levels of analysis. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Applying 53. You catch your 12 -year-old sister smoking. She says that she likes to smoke because her friends think it looks “cool.” Which level of psychological analysis is she using? a. biological c. social b. individual d. cultural ANS: C DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.3b |Analyze how psychologists do research at four different levels of analysis. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 54. The type of psychologist who studies how people are a ffected by the presence of others is called a ________ psychologist. a. developmental c. social b. cultural d. clinical ANS: C DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.3c |Apply the eight subfields of psychology to your own life. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Remembering 55. You are having a difficult time deciding whether to switch career paths. To help cope with this challenge in your professional life, you should seek help from a ________ psychologist. a. personality c. developmental b. social d. counseling ANS: D DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.3c |Apply the eight subfields of psychology to your own life. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Understanding 56. Your nephew is fascinated with human memory and the strategies that help people remember large amounts of information. If he were to become a psychologist, you suspect that he would be best suited for a career in a. industrial/organizational psychology. b. cognitive psychology or neuroscience. c. developmental psychology. d. clinical psychology. ANS: B DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.3c |Apply the eight subfields of psychology to your own life. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Applying 57. Dr. Ebrahim examines how children’s fri endships change through the elementary and middle school years. Dr. Ebrahim is a(n) ________ psychologist. a. developmental c. cognitive b. personality d. organizational ANS: A DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.3c |Apply the eight subfields of psychology to your own life. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Applying 58. Dr. Alvarez studies how the degeneration of nerve cells in the brain might contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis. Dr. Alvarez’s work best exemplifies the ________ subfield of psychology. a. cognitive c. developmental b. experimental d. biological ANS: D DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.3c |Apply the eight subfields of psychology to your own life. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Applying 59. Dr. Growe is reading an article discussing the effect of group size on the conformity of group members. Dr. Growe is most likely reading the Journal of ________ Psychology . a. Developmental c. Cultural b. Social d. Personality ANS: B DIF: Difficult OBJ: 1.3c |Apply the eigh t subfields of psychology to your own life. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Applying 60. Before psychologists can begin a research project, they must receive approval from the a. American Psychol ogical Association. b. Association of Psychological Science. c. National Science Foundation. d. Institutional Review Board. ANS: D DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.3d |Understand the five ethical issues in psychological research. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 3, Ethical and Social Responsibility in a Diverse World MSC: Remembering 61. “Should people have access to data collected in a n experiment?” This question is associated with the ethical issue of a. deception. c. privacy. b. informed consent. d. confidentiality. ANS: D DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.3d |Understand the five ethical issues in psychological research. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 3, Ethical and Social Responsibility in a Diverse World MSC: Remembering 62. If a researcher publicly discussed a participant’ s responses and named the participant, that researcher would be guilty of violating the ethical principle of a. confidentiality. c. privacy. b. risk. d. deception. ANS: A DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.3d |Understand the five ethical issues in psychological research. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 3, Ethical and Social Responsibility in a Diverse World MSC: Understanding 63. Informed consent means that a. participants’ information must be kept strictly confidential. b. participants must be told about a research study and allowed to choose whether they would like to participate. c. a research study has been reviewed and approved by a group of reviewers bas ed on ethical standards. d. a researcher is not permitted to observe people in public places without their knowledge. ANS: B DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.3d |Understand the five ethical issues in psychological research. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 3, Ethical and Social Responsibility in a Diverse World MSC: Understanding 64. If a researcher was denied permission to conduc t a study because participants might suffer harm, that decision would have been made by the a. American Psychological Association. b. Institutional Review Board. c. National Science Foundation. d. Association of Psychological Science. ANS: B DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.3d |Understand the five ethical issues in psychological research. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 3, Ethical and Social Responsibility in a Diverse World MSC: Understanding 65. A model of interconnected ideas that explains what is observed and makes predictions about the future is provided by (a)n a. theory. c. experiment. b. hypothesis. d. correlation. ANS: A DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.4a |Remember the key terms about the scientific method. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 66. Which of the following is a specific, testable prediction? a. a theory c. a correlation b. a hypothesis d. introspection ANS: B DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.4a |Remember the key terms about the scientific method. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 67. In the scientific method, a set of interconnected idea s or concepts is called a(n) a. theory. c. experiment. b. hypothesis. d. descriptive method. ANS: A DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.4a |Remember the key terms about the scientific method. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 68. Susannah observes the world around her and measures various aspects of it to gain new knowledge. Susannah is learning about the world b y using a. descriptive statistics. c. a hypothesis. b. a theory. d. empiricism. ANS: D DIF: Difficult OBJ: 1.4a |Remember the key terms about the scientific method. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 69. If Mike wants to use the scientific method, he would use all of the following elements EXCEPT a. focusing on a theory. c. using a research method. b. stating a hypothesis. d. his personal experiences. ANS: D DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.4b |Analyze the five -step cycle of the scientific method. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 70. George is looking for a research project. To get started, he could make use of an existing theory because a. theories are shown to be t rue, so subsequent research is successful. b. one of the benefits of theories is that they lead to testable hypotheses. c. a theory can be successfully replicated by researchers. d. theories lead to successful research. ANS: B DIF: Difficult OBJ: 1.4b |Analyze the five -step cycle of the scientific method. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Understanding 71. A researcher believes that presenting possible suspects in a lineup one at a time instead of in a group would lead to more accurate identification of the true suspect. This belief represents a(n) a. hypothesis. c. correlation. b. independent variable. d. theory. ANS: A DIF: Difficult OBJ: 1.4b |Analyze the five -step cycle of the scientific method. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 72. An extensive study of a single person or a few people is characteristic of a. a self -report. c. the scientific method. b. a case study. d. an experiment. ANS: B DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.4c |Understand the three psychological research methods. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 73. In correlational studies, there is ambiguity as to which variable is the cause and which is the effect. This phenomenon is known as a. the third variable problem. c. selection bias. b. random error. d. the directionality problem. ANS: D DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.4c |Understand the three psychological research methods. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 74. When a researcher manipulates a variable to see what effect the manipu lation has on another variable, the research design is a(n) a. correlational study. c. observational study. b. experiment. d. case study. ANS: B DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.4c |Understand the three psychological research methods. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 75. The variable that a researcher measures in an experiment is called the a. independent variable. c. experimental group. b. dependent variable. d. control group. ANS: B DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.4c |Understand the three psychological research methods. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 76. The variable that a researcher manipulates in an experiment is called the a. independent variable. c. third variable. b. dependent var iable. d. experimental group. ANS: A DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.4c |Understand the three psychological research methods. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 77. If a researcher wants to be able to generalize about a population using data pulled from a sample, it is best to use a. a convenience sample. c. a descriptive study. b. experience sampling. d. a random sample. ANS: D DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.4c |Understand the three psychological research methods. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Remembering 78. Jane Goodall systematically watched and recorded the behavior of chimpanzees in their natural environment. She was conducting a. observational studies. c. experiments. b. case studies. d. correlations. ANS: A DIF: Easy OBJ: 1.4c |Understand the three psychological research methods. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Remembering 79. Which of the following sampling techniques gives each member of the population an equal chance of being selected to participate? a. random sampling c. random assignment b. convenience sampling d. a case study ANS: A DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.4c |Understand the three psychological research methods. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 80. The precise way a researcher measures and defines a variable is known as the a. operational definition. c. hypothesis. b. theory. d. independent variable. ANS: A DIF: Moderate OBJ: 1.4c |Understand the three psychological research methods. NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering