(Test Bank) Nutritional Foundations And Clinical Applications

Grodner, 7

Medicine

Test Bank

7th Edition

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Test Bank for Nutritional Foundations And Clinical Applications, The downloadable file consists of 351 pages, and the total size of the file is 2.7 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Grodner

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Test Bank for Nutritional Foundations and Clinical Applications 7th Edition by Grodner Table of Contents PART I: Wellness, Nutrition, and the Nursing Role 1. Wellness Nutrition 2. Personal and Community Nutrition PART II: Nutrients, Food, and Health 3. Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism 4. Carbohydrates 5. Fats 6. Protein 7. Vitamins 8. Water and Minerals PART III: Health Promotion through Nutrition and Nursing Practice 9. Energy, Weight and Fitness 10. Nutrition across the Life Span PART IV: Overview of Medical Nutrition Therapy 11. Nutrition Assessment and Patient Care 12. Food -Related Issues 13. Nutrition for Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract 14. Nutrition for Disorders of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas 15. Nutrition for Diabetes Mellitus 16. Nutrition in Metabolic Stress: Burns, Trauma, and Surgery 17. Nutrition for Cardiopulmonary Disease 18. Nutrition for Diseases of the Kidneys 19. Nutrition for Neuro -Psychiatric Disorders 20. Nutrition in Cancer and HIV-AIDS Chapter 01: Wellness Nutrition Grodner et al.: Nutritional Foundations and Clinical Applications: A NursingApproach, 7th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Examples of informal education include a. attending a workshop on coronary artery disease sponsored by the American Heart Association. b. watching a television show about diabetes. c. learning about food safety techniques in a high school economics course. d. joining a support group to help overcome an eating disorder. ANS: B Watching a television show about diabetes is an example of informal education because it is an experience that occurs through a daily activity. Attending a workshop or joining a support group would be considered nonformal education; a high school course would be considered formal education. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Page 13 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 2. A college stu dent exercises regularly and generally eats a healthy variety of foods, is taking a course in general nutrition, buys locally produced food whenever possible, is an active member of an on -campus faith -based organization, and keeps a journal to help process her emotions. What else could beNimRportIantGfor Bhe.rCto inMclude in her life in or der to develop her overall wellness? U S N T O a. Growing some of her own food b. Keeping a food record to help evaluate what she eats c. Eating meals with friends throughout the week d. Meeting with a registered dietitian to review her food choices ANS: C Wellness enhances a person’s level of health through development of each of the six dimensions of health: physical health, intellectual health, emotional health, social health, spiritual health, and environmental health. Exercise and eating a healthy variety of foods help develop physical health; taking a course in general nutrition helps develop intellectual health; buying locally produced food helps develop environmental health; being part of a faith -based organization helps develop spiritual health; and keeping a journal helps develop emotional health. The missing dimension in this example is development of social health; eating meals with friends throughout the week would add this dimension. Growing her own food would be another example of environmental health; keeping a food record would be another contributor to physical health; and meeting with a registered dietitian may contribute to physical, intellectual, and emotional health. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing REF: Page 7 | Page 8 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 3. For a client who is missing meals because of poor planning or is too busy to eat, emotional health can be affected by , which can cause confusion or anxiety. a. low blood sugar levels b. high blood sugar levels c. high blood pressure d. extremely low blood pressure ANS: A Poor eating habits affect emotional health. Missing meals may cause blood sugar levels to decrease, which can cause anxiety or confusion or make difficult to control emotions. Late night binges on snack food are likely to result in excessive energy intake but would have a less direct effect on emotional health. Eating small meals throughout the day is likely to maintain more constant blood sugar levels, which would actually have a positive effect on emotional health. Excessive caffeine consumption may contr ibute to anxiety, but 2 cups of caffeinated coffee is not considered excessive. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing REF: Page 6 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 4. The best example of the type of concern that is likely to be addressed by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services when target goals for Healthy People 2030 are updated is a. preference for vegetarian eating patterns among white women. b. low intake of fruits and vegetables by African American children. c. widespread use of bottled water in higher socioeconomic groups. d. common use of protein and vitamin supplements in athletes. ANS: B Healthy People is used to set targets for health promotion to improve the health of all individuals. It addresses environmental and social issues that affect health outcomes. Low intake of fruits and v egetableNs UbyRASfIriNcaGn TABm.erCicOanMchildren is likely to have an adverse effect on their health and so may be addressed when target goals are set. Vegetarian eating patterns, use of bottled water, and use of protein and vitamin supplements do not necessarily have an adverse effect on nutritional health and so are less likely to be addressed. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Page 9 | Page 10 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 5. An example of community support for health promotion is a. teaching a young mother skills in safe food preparation. b. watching a television documentary about industry errors in food processing. c. labeling fresh poultry packages with information about proper food storage. d. being aware that Salmonella can be transmitted because of inadequate food preparation. ANS: C Food labeling information is an example of community support because it is a regulatory measure that supports new health -promoting behaviors within a social context. Teaching, watching television, and awareness may increase knowledge, but they do not alter the social context by regulation or environmental change. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Page 8 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 6. An example of a technique for health promotion is a. exercising five times a week. b. local supermarkets’ expanding the availability of fresh fruits and vegetables. c. teaching a teenager how to choose healthier foods at fast-food restaurants. d. information about the relationship of dietary intake and diet -related disorders. ANS: C Health promotion consists of strategies that are designed to improve the health of individuals, families, groups, and communities, such as teaching a teenager how to choose healthier fast foods. Exercising regularly contributes to wellness, but it is not b ringing about a change in health unless this is a change in behavior. Stocking a wider availability of fresh produce does not promote health, unless the supermarket uses specific strategies to encourage consumption. Information about the relationship betwe en nutrients and disease is simply information unless it is used to promote behavior change. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Page 7 | Page 8 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 7. For the efficient functioning and maintenance of the body, a person needs to consume sufficient amounts of a. fiber. b. nutrients. c. minerals. d. supplements. ANS: B The body needs sufficient amounts of all nutrients for efficient functioning and maintenance. Both fiber and minerals are needed, but each represents only one type of nutrient. Supplem ents are not always nNeUceRssSaIryNbGecTauBs.e CsuOffMicient nutri ents can often be obtain ed from food. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: Page 5 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 8. A nurse has just been assigned to a community health program for older adults. She should check the document Healthy People 2020 to become familiar with a. nutrition priorities and goals for older American adults. b. dietary standards for Americans older than 50 years. c. dietary guidelines recommended for older adults. d. MyPlate recommendations for older adults. ANS: A Healthy People 2020 focuses on targets and goals for improving the health of the nation. The nurse would check the Dietary Reference Intakes for information about dietary standards. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans and MyPlate are separate documents fr om Healthy People 2020 and focus on specific advice and guidelines for healthy eating. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Pages 8-10 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 9. A healthy female middle -aged client asks what she can do to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes. Weight control and nutrition strategies discussed are considered a. primary treatment. b. primary prevention. c. secondary prevention. d. tertiary prevention. ANS: B Action to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes is considered primary prevention. Secondary prevention involves early detection to halt and minimize the effects of the disease, and tertiary prevention minimizes complications and h elps restore health after the disorder has developed. ―Prima ry treatment‖ is not a recognized term. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Page 11 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 10. As a home health care nurse, you are visiting a 70 -year-old client who has just returned home from the hospital after being treated for coronary artery disease. The medical nutrition therapy developed for him by the hospital dietitian is considered a. palliat ive care. b. primary prevention. c. secondary prevention. d. tertiary prevention. ANS: D This is an example of tertiary prevention, which entails minimizing complications and helping restore health after heart disease has developed. Primary prevention would occur before the disease developed, and secondary prevention would involve early detection to minimize the effects of the disease. Palliative care is intended only to minimize sympt oms. DIF: Cognitive Level: ApplyiNngURSINGRTEBF:.PCageM12 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 11. A nutrient that can be made by the body is called a. essential. b. complete. c. incomplete. d. nonessential. ANS: D Nonessential nutrients can be made by the body. Essential nutrients cannot be made by the body and must be consumed. The terms complete and incomplete refer to proteins. Complete proteins contain all the essential amino acids; incomplete proteins are lacking one or more essential amino acids. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: Page 16 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 12. A client exercises regularly and wants to make sure that he has sufficient energy for his workouts. The type of nutrient that will be most helpful in providing the energy he needs is a. carbohydrates. b. water. c. minerals. d. protein. ANS: A Carbohydrates are the best source of fuel to provide energy for the body. Protein can also provide fuel for energy, but its primary purpose is to play important structural and functional roles. Water and minerals are important for health but do not provide fuel for energy. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Pages 8-10 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 13. A 45 -year-old man tells you that he drinks 3 ounce of Scotch whiskey most evenings. His alcohol intake is considered a. insignificant. b. moderate. c. higher than is recommended. d. dangerously high. ANS: B Moderate alcohol intake is two servings or fewer per day for men. One serving of spirits, such as whiskey, is 1.5 ounces. Therefore, 3 ounce of whiskey per day is considered moderate alcohol intake. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing REF: Page 9 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 14. A dessert contains 4 g of protein, 30 g of carbohydrate, 15 g of fat, and 5 g of alcohol. The nutrient that provides the most kilocalories in the dessert is a. protein. b. carbohydrate. c. fat. d. alcohol. ANS: C NURSINGTB.COM Fat provides the highest number of kilocalories: At 9 kcal/g, 15 g of fat provides 135 kcal. At 4 kcal/g, 4 g of protein provides 16 kcals. At 4 kcal/g, 30 g of carbohydrate provides 120 kcal. At 7 kcal/g, 5 g of alcohol provides 35 kcal. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Page 9 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 15. A cup of frozen yogurt contains 24 g of carbohydrate, 2 g of fat, and 4 g of protein. The total number of kilocalories in the frozen yogurt is a. 110. b. 130. c. 140. d. 162. ANS: B At 4 kcal/g, 24 g of carbohydrate provides 96 kcal. At 9 kcal/g, 2 g of fat provides 18 kcal. At 4 kcal/g, 4 g of protein provides 16 kcal. Therefore, the total kilocalories in the frozen yogurt is 130 kcal (96 + 18 + 16). DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Page 8 | Page 9 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 16. Combinations of amino acids link together to form a. protein. b. carbohydrates. c. dietary fiber. d. lipids. ANS: A Proteins are made up of various combinations of amino acids, linked together. Carbohydrates are made up of one or more units of simple sugars. Dietary fiber consists mostly of carbohydrate that cannot be digested. Lipids are made up of glycerol and triglycerides or sterols. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: Page 8 | Page 9 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 17. A bodybuilder tells you that all of his meals and snacks include high -protein foods such as eggs, canned tuna, chicken, milk, and cheese. Most of the extra protein is probably used by his body to form a. strong bones and joints. b. body fat stores. c. healthy brain tissue. d. increased muscle mass. ANS: B Excess protein is broken down to amino acids and then used for energy or stored as body fat. This man’s body will use someUof SthisNproTtein to increase muscle mass, but increasing protein intake beyond the amount neNededRdoIes nGot iBnc.reCaseMmuscle formation. Excess protein int ake does not improve bone, joint, or brain health. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Page 20 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 18. When clients have a strong family history of both heart disease and cancer, the nurse should encourage them to reduce their intake of a. dietary fiber. b. protein. c. monounsaturated fat. d. saturated fat. ANS: D Saturated fat intake is related to risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer. Monounsaturated fat intake has less effect on risk of these diseases. Dietary fiber intake should be increased to help reduce risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. T he effects of protein intake on risk of these diseases are much less significant. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Pages 19-21 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 19. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is able to assess the overall nutritional and health status of Americans because a. the populations surveyed are representative of the total population. b. it focuses on ethnic and socioeconomic groups at greatest risk. c. it collects large volumes of survey data from all over the nation. d. survey methods and standards are consistent from year to year. ANS: A Data from NHANES represent America overall because the survey populations are carefully selected to represent the total population. Their data therefore provide a better indication of the nation’s overall health than do large amounts of data from all over the country. It does not focus specifically on populations at high risk for disease. Standardization over time provides useful data on trends and changes but does not reveal the overall health of the nation. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Page 11 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 20. In working with an ethnic minority population, a helpful way to increase health literacy could be to a. invite members of the community to help identify needs and teaching strategies. b. encourage acculturation and adoption of healthful American eating patterns. c. set up a feeding program to provide healthy food for members of the community. d. use visual aids rather than written materials during health education encount ers. ANS: A Members of an ethnic minority population can be very helpful in identifying needs and effective teaching strategies for people in their community and in encouraging people in the community to accept advice from nurses or other health professionals. They do not necessarily need to adopt American eating patterns; often these are less healthful than their traditional eating patterns. Setting up feeding programs does not promote positi ve self-efficacy. Visual aids maNy bUeRhSelIpfNulG, TbuBt .thCeiOr uMse is not n ecessarily the best educational