(Test Bank) Human Sexuality: A Contemporary Introduction

9780199036554, Pukall, 3

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Author(s): Pukall

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CHAPTER 1 Perspectives on Sexuality MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1.Though sexuality in general may be difficult for some people to talk about, why is it almost impossible to ignore? a) People are always trying to force you to talk about sex. b) There are many social and cultural messages out there about sexuality, includ ing very subtle ones. c) It is far too commonly found in the public school curricula.d) The internet is full of porn. 2. Maria believes that people should only have sex inside committed relationships, and that anyone who has sex outside of these relationships is a slut or a whore. Maria's beliefs about what is good and bad are a ________. a) social exclusion, likely informed by religious beliefs b) social confusion, likely informed by uneducated caregivers c) social construction, likely formed by media d) social refusing, likely informed by peer groups 3. What role do media play in shaping our beliefs about sexuality? a) It provides a balanced and objective perspective on sexual norms. b) It creates and dictates societal norms, including norms ab out sexuality. c) It illustrates the wide diversity of sexual scripts available for people today.d) It conveys the importance of openness and honesty in non -monogamous relationships. 4. During the Victorian era, media often conveyed messages about sexua lity in subtle, hidden ways, such as advertising vibrators for medical reasons. This was primarily driven by ________.a) religious censorship b) poor advertising strategies c) high consumer compliance d) lack of interest in sex 5. Lady Mary went to see a physician in the 1890s because she was distressed. The physician treated her with a vibrator. What was the likely diagnosis? a) hysteria b) marital infidelity c) depression d) ADHD 6. Why did scholar Thomas Malthus argue that sexually explicit material should be suppressed? a) Original sin by Adam and Eve had horrible consequences. b) The only sexual thoughts a person should have should be towards their p artner in a Christian marriage. c) Children's schoolwork could be negatively affected i f they were thinking about sex. d) Sexually explicit material would lead to an increase in the population that would overtax diminishing natural resources. 7. In which decade did advertisers first begin to increase the use of sex in their campaigns? Human Sexuality: A Contemporary Introduction, Third Edition © Oxford University Press Canada, 2020 a) 1920s b) 1930s c) 1940s d) 1950s 8. Why do advertisers use scantily clad women in advertising? a) to exploit women's insecurities about their appearances, leading them to buy products so they can appear more like the "sexual ideal" b) to arouse women sexually, which has been linked to increased willingness to spend money c) to create associations between the product and a pleasurable activity (sex), making them more likely to buy the product d) to make women feel beautiful so they will "treat themselves" to new products 9. The 1950s brought about greater openness in advertising related to sexual content. This included at least three major 1950s ad campaigns: Maidenform's "I dream," Revlon's "fire and ice," and Clairol's "Does she or doesn't she? (colour her hair, that is!)". This shift is largely attributed to ______. a) the Shere Hite Report b) the Speculum Doctrinale c) Hugh Hefner d) the Kinsey Reports 10. Television in North America has the potential to raise concerns over what should and shouldn't be permitted in terms of sexual content. What question does this raise? a) Who is allowed to have sex on television? b) How explicit can sexual content be? c) Should sexual violence be shown? d) all of the above 11. What type of scene resulted in an American television company being fined $3.6 million? a) two men kissing b) a teenage orgy c) topless adult women d) a lesbian couple raising a child 12. Sam and Donald are in a same-sex relationship. They met a few years ago online. Why were they more likely to meet online than most mixed-sex couples? a) They were three times more likely because, on average, people attracted to the same sex hold fewer notions of taboos associated with online dating. b) They were ten times more likely because same-sex couples rarely go on dates or associate with other non-heterosexual people. c) They were twice as likely because the "gay villages" are not as popular as they once were since the advent of the internet. d) They are not more likely to meet online than anyone else. 13. What is lacking in most media portrayals of sexual activity? a) safer-sex messaging b) traditional gender roles Human Sexuality: A Contemporary Introduction, Third Edition © Oxford University Press Canada, 2020 c) romantic portrayals of love d) real-life scenarios 14. What is the main drawback to the "fantasy model" of sex portrayed in today's media? a) Fantasies are not a good indicator of sexual behaviour and are unlikely to change someone's sexual practices. b) Fantasies rarely include safer-sex messaging about unwanted pregnancies and STIs. c) Fantasies are not real and have no place in sexual scripts. d) Fantasies often include hypersexualized people, which may distort erotic attractions. 15. Jake is caught up in the heat of the moment of a sexual encounter with his current partner Pam. In the middle of their sexual encounter, Pam asks Jake if they should use a condom. Jake is somewhat surprised that she asked this question because this was not how he envisioned the sexual encounter progressing. What did Pam's question conflict with? a) Jake's self-efficacy b) Jake's masculinity c) Jake's sexual script d) Jake's ability to read sexual innuendos 16. What percentage of television programs contain some form of sexual content? a) 80 per cent b) 70 per cent c) 50 per cent d) 40 per cent 17. Which of the following are credited for increasing demand for contraception in Mexico, India, and Kenya? a) television shows b) internet websites c) movies d) magazine ads 18. Showing scenarios on television where men contract syphilis from other men will likely result in which of the following? a) more men who engage in sex with men getting tested for syphilis b) fewer men who engage in sex with men getting tested for syphilis c) more men and women getting tested for syphilis d) fewer men and women getting tested for syphilis 19. Hollywood films and other forms of televised media have historically depicted black male's sexuality very differently than other races. Based on this situation, which of the following is NOT true? a) Hollywood films tend to dehumanize black males by objectifying their bodies during sex scenes far more often than occurs with white males. b) Black males are often depicted as blue collar (manual labor) workers with greater muscular features, which suggest greater sexual aggression. c) Black males are often given roles in which sex without intimacy is the norm and sexual partners are acknowledged through domination and for violence. d) Black music videos are more sexualized than are white music videos. Human Sexuality: A Contemporary Introduction, Third Edition © Oxford University Press Canada, 2020 20. Ally just saw an animated television show where the main character was transgender with a female love interest. This show most likely originated in which country? a) Japan b) Morocco c) Samoa d) the United States of America 21. Ava is used to seeing sexuality and fluid gender roles explored in movies and graphic novels, including transgender and intersex issues, but she would never discuss her sexuality, especially in terms of sexual and gender diversity. Where does Ava most likely live? a) Asia b) the Middle East c) North America d) Europe 22. In which medium is it common to stretch sexual acts beyond what one might expect, such as showing a penis penetrating an ear? a) Arabic movies b) Anime c) Hentai d) North American television 23. Until what century in Catholicism was sexual activity that did not involve penile-vaginal penetration forbidden and criminally punished? a) the first century CE b) the fourth century CE c) the fifth century BCE d) the tenth century CE 24. Which of the following methods of birth control is forbidden in Judaism? a) birth control pill b) condom c) IUD d) rhythm method 25. Which of the following religions tolerates male masturbation, depending on the source of interpretation? a) Islam b) Judaism c) Roman Catholicism d) Hinduism 26. What does the term hijra refer to? a) a third gender b) a sexual position c) an aphrodisiac Human Sexuality: A Contemporary Introduction, Third Edition © Oxford University Press Canada, 2020 d) a form of bondage 27. At what level of government is sexual health education decided in Canada? a) municipal b) federal c) provincial d) regional 28. Which of the following was a finding published in Henry Havelock Ellis's Studies in the Psychology of Sex? a) It is our version of sex that is "normal." b) Sexual behaviour is determined by biology. c) If left to their own desires, humans would develop a range of sexual expressions which should be considered "normal." d) In the Mehinaku culture in Brazil, kissing on the lips does not occur. 29. What medical problem did the advertisers of the first vibrators promise to solve? a) back pain b) hysteria c) chest congestion d) headaches 30. Last week in sex class, John learned that in some parts of the world some people marry their first cousins and in other places engage in same-sex activities as a rite of passage into adulthood. John thought this was disgusting and could not understand why these things would happen. John's reaction is an example of _____________. a) introversion b) ethnocentrism c) self-efficacy d) conversion therapy 31. Which of the following is NOT true of Judaism in regards to sexuality? a) Abortion is permitted, in some circumstances. b) Foreplay is encouraged. c) Masturbation is encouraged. d) Divorce is permitted. 32. Though monotheistic religions often vary in many ways, one universal is that they all ___________. a) attempt to control or regulate sexuality in some way b) harshly condemn masturbation c) view sex outside of marriage as punishable by death d) attempt only to regulate young women's sexual behaviours 33. What belief did the "Eve versus Mary" narrative in the Christian tradition substantiate? a) the belief that women are either Madonnas or whores b) the belief that sexuality is a necessary part of every good woman c) the belief that women are ultimately more powerful than men d) the belief that a sexually corrupt woman can still be morally righteous Human Sexuality: A Contemporary Introduction, Third Edition © Oxford University Press Canada, 2020 34. According to Jewish tradition, which of the following events is NOT followed by ritual cleansing? a) menstruation b) nocturnal emissions c) childbirth d) circumcision 35. Which form of contraception is permitted in Judaism under certain circumstances? a) a condom b) a diaphragm c) the birth control pill d) None of these are permitted. 36. In modern Judaism, what is the primary purpose of sex? a) reproduction b) to strengthen the bond between man and god c) to avoid nocturnal emissions d) to reinforce the marital bond 37. Why was a woman's choice to remain a virgin a subversive act in early Christianity? a) She was seen as claiming control over her own body, rather than submitting to men. b) She was seen as closer to God than those who engaged in sexual activity. c) She was not following the path set out for her in the Bible. d) She was seen as having valuable biblical knowledge. 38. Why is abortion not accepted after 120 days (except in extreme circumstances), according to Islamic law? a) This is approximately the time when the mother will feel the baby start to move in her womb. b) The fetus is ensouled at 120 days. c) The Prophet Muhammed was born at 120 days gestation. d) 120 is a holy number in Islam. 39. The treatment of women in early Islam can best be described as _____________. a) more equal with less division of gender roles compared to later Islam b) very difficult for women, particularly in relation to the control of sexual activity c) harsh and cruel, especially for young women d) fairly equal, in which women were often seen as the head of the household 40. Many of the Church's more repressive views of sexuality were based on the teachings of the Church Fathers, an early group of theologians that included St Augustine. Which of the following was one of the beliefs of St Augustine and his followers? a) The original sin of Adam and Eve was transmitted to every human through ejaculation. b) Men had an obligation to remain celibate in order to get closer to God. c) Sexual activity must be forbidden on Sundays and other holy days. d) Women and men who engaged in sexual acts without the express result of procreation were viewed as equally depraved. 41. In 1996, Gwen Jacobs successfully challenged Canadian Courts and won the right for women across Canada to do what? a) have abortions Human Sexuality: A Contemporary Introduction, Third Edition © Oxford University Press Canada, 2020 b) go topless in public c) work legally in the sex trade d) claim birth control as a healthcare expense 42. How many countries legalized same-sex marriage at the federal level before Canada? a) one b) two c) three d) four 43. If you go topless in Canada, in which provinces will you be breaking the law? a) Alberta or Quebec b) all provinces c) everywhere but Ontario d) You are never breaking the law if you are topless in Canada. 44. Which of the following did the Supreme Court of Canada rule in 2003? a) that homosexual couples should have the same rights as married heterosexual couples b) that homosexual couples should have the same rights as heterosexual married or common-law couples concerning pension but not employer health benefits c) that homosexual couples should have the same rights as common-law heterosexual couples d) that common-law couples should have the same rights as legally married couples 45. In what year did the United States legalize sexual activity between members of the same sex? a) 1930 b) 1952 c) 1980 d) 2003 46. Anne and Lisa are a same-sex couple living in the United States and they want to get married. When they research same-sex marriage, what will they find? a) They can marry anywhere in the United States now that gay marriage is legal at the federal level. b) They can't legally marry anywhere in the United States. c) They can marry in a state where gay marriage is legal, and then their marriage will have to be recognized as legal in the other states. d) They can legally marry in some states, but their marriage will only be recognized as legal in those states. 47. Homosexuality was decriminalized in Canada _________ years before it was decriminalized in the United States. a) 2 b) 12 c) 25 d) 34 Human Sexuality: A Contemporary Introduction, Third Edition © Oxford University Press Canada, 2020 48. In what province would a person receive government-funded sex reassignment surgery? a) any province in Canada b) in Quebec c) in British Columbia d) in Ontario 49. Which of the following statements best characterizes the differences between same-sex and mixed-sex couples? a) Most mixed-sex couples fight more about housework. b) Gender differences are more pronounced in same-sex relationships. c) There is very little difference in terms of the interpersonal aspects of the relationship. d) Sexual satisfaction is higher among mixed-sex couples. 50. Why is it important for legalized marriage to be open to both same-sex and mixed-sex couples? a) It is not necessary; an institutionalized form of social support does not contribute to the wellbeing of couples, regardless of whether they are same-sex or mixed-sex. b) All couples should be able to file joint federal tax returns and enjoy other benefits of marriage. c) Having an institutionalized form of social support for relationships is associated with positive mental and physical health for individuals in the relationship. d) It would help even out the differences between same-sex and mixed-sex couples. 51. At the 2011 bi-annual Summit of the Commonwealth, a report was submitted that called for the creation of a human rights commissioner who would monitor the legal and social treatment of LGBTQ+ individuals in the Commonwealth. Which of the following is the most likely reason why the suggestion was not followed through? a) Sexual diversity is not a human rights issue. b) Fourty-one of the fifty-two Commonwealth countries still have laws against same-sex sexual activity. c) It would be too expensive to monitor legal and social treatment in these countries. d) It is wrong for this type of organization to interfere with the laws of nations. 52. How does the United States of America compare to Canada in terms of legalization of same-sex marriages? a) The path to legalization was roughly the same in both countries, with Canada legalizing same-sex marriage only a decade before the United States. b) Canada has been more progressive than the United States, decriminalizing same-sex sexual acts in the 1960s. c) The United States has been more progressive than Canada, holding the first Pride parade in 1970. d) Both countries have been slow to grant equal rights to same-sex couples. 53. In Canada, it was illegal for women to go topless before 1996, as female breasts were sexualized by men, and therefore, unlike male breasts, considered a private body part. What was the primary issue with this argument? a) It gave women a negative view of their bodies. b) It made it more difficult for women to breastfeed in public. c) It presumed men would be unable to function normally if they were around exposed breasts. d) It presented a double standard for men and women for what is essentially the same body part. 54. Which of the following is NOT one of the differences between the view of sexuality in North America and Europe? a) North America has a lower age of consent than Europe. b) Full-frontal nudity of males and females is much more common in European films. c) Female toplessness is more widely accepted in Europe. Human Sexuality: A Contemporary Introduction, Third Edition © Oxford University Press Canada, 2020 d) European countries began legalizing same-sex marriage before North American countries. 55. Boris went on vacation with his boyfriend, Matt. Matt insisted that they book separate rooms in the hotel and not hold hands or kiss when they go out or they could be arrested. Boris was incredulous, but Matt showed him the law online. Where did they most likely travel? a) Poland b) Nigeria c) Texas, USA d) Japan 56. According to St Augustine, what is the only acceptable way to engage in sexual intercourse? a) doggy-style b) face-to-face position c) side-to-side position d) cowgirl 57. Which of the following beliefs about sexuality is most universal? a) the incest taboo b) intolerance of homosexuality c) monogamy d) same-sex marriage 58. Canada shifted its policies regarding Syrian refugees in order to better help which of the following groups? a) gay men b) single mothers c) prostitutes d) HIV-positive individuals 59. Which area of Canada reports the highest frequencies of sexual intercourse? a) the Maritimes b) Quebec c) Ontario d) British Columbia 60. What aspect of gay marriage does Bill C-32 relate to? a) divorce b) adoption c) name changes d) estates 61. Mareille has a picture of herself with the first prime minister of Canada to march in a gay pride parade. Who is posing with Mareille in the picture? a) Justin Trudeau b) Pierre Trudeau c) Stephen Harper d) Jean Chretien 62. Which Olympic Games were protested because of laws that forbid the expression of sexual orientation in that location? Human Sexuality: A Contemporary Introduction, Third Edition © Oxford University Press Canada, 2020 a) Sochi b) Seoul c) Rio d) Vancouver 63. Polly remembers celebrating the day that same-sex marriage became legal across Canada. What year is Polly recalling? a) 2001 b) 2003 c) 2005 d) 2007 64. Sarah enjoys sunbathing topless. Where in Canada will other sunbathers be least likely to view Sarah's choice favourably? a) British Columbia b) Quebec c) Ontario d) Saskatchewan 65. Where in Canada was "teen" the top search term on Pornhub in 2014? a) British Columbia b) Quebec c) Ontario d) Nova Scotia 66. The first interracial kiss on American television was shown on ________. a) Star Trek b) Beverly Hills, 90210 c) The Bill Cosby Show d) The A-Team 67. Fran is having a heated argument with, Peter, a fundamentalist Christian, about when a fetus becomes a baby. Peter says it happens right at the moment of fertilization. Fran replies, "Well, then apparently this truth has changed over time, because many early figures in Christian church argued that a fetus doesn't have a soul until ______." a) it begins to kick and move in the womb b) 120 days after conception c) it is blessed by a priest d) the mother starts experiencing morning sickness 68. By the end of the first century BCE, most Jewish relationships were ________. a) polygamous b) monogamous c) polyamorous d) menopausal 69. According to your text, women usually enter menopause somewhere between the ages of ________. a) 35 and 45 b) 45 and 55 Human Sexuality: A Contemporary Introduction, Third Edition © Oxford University Press Canada, 2020 c) 55 and 65 d) 65 and 75 70. In the traditional practice of Judaism, which aspect of sexuality would require a ritual cleansing afterwards? a) nocturnal emissions b) childbearing c) menstruation d) all of the above 71. Up until 2014, some Islamic groups in Indonesia took part in a pilgrimage in the Javanese village of Solo where ________. a) young men are expected to perform fellatio on older boys/men b) unmarried individuals engaged in sex with a stranger in order to bring themselves luck c) married individuals engaged in sex with a stranger in order to bring themselves luck d) unmarried individuals have casual and group sex 72. In Japanese, the term hentai means ________. a) pervert b) sex c) explicit d) orgasm 73. In some areas of the Himalayas, a woman may be married to multiple men. This practice is referred to as _________. a) polyamory b) polygony c) polyandry d) polymer 74. Unlike Christianity, many interpretations of Islam promoted having sex for pleasure within a marriage, however, there are times where sex would be prohibited. Which of the following is not a time to prohibit sex according to Islam? a) during the daylight hour of Ramadan b) forty days after giving birth c) during menstruation d) during pregnancy 75. With regards to the practice of Hinduism and aspects of human sexuality, which statement is true? a) Sex outside of marriage is widely practiced. b) Divorce is permitted by the religion. c) Masturbation is never tolerated. d) Abortion is opposed in religious texts. 76. When comparing Canada and the US on aspects of sexuality, which statement is false? a) Canadian and American women report a similar number of sexual partners. b) Canadian and American men report a similar number of sexual partners. c) The percentage of individuals who reported having had a threesome is about the same for Canada and the US. d) The percentage of individuals who reported having had a one-night stand is about the same for Canada and the US. Human Sexuality: A Contemporary Introduction, Third Edition © Oxford University Press Canada, 2020 77. According a 2005 Durex survey, Canadian men reported having approximately ________ lifetime sexual partners. a) 4 b) 7 c) 13 d) 23 78. In a recent study on the effects of cannabis use on sexuality, Lynn et al. (2019) found that ________. a) cannabis improves satisfaction with orgasm when used prior to sex by women b) cannabis improves satisfaction with orgasm when used prior to sex by men c) cannabis impairs satisfaction with orgasm when used prior to sex by women d) cannabis impairs satisfaction with orgasm when used prior to sex by men 79. Which statement about reporting sexual assault in Canada is false? a) The rate at which sexual assaults are reported to the police differs across the Provinces. b) The rate at which sexual assaults are reported to the police is about the same across the Provinces. c) The Prairies and BC had higher rates of reporting sexual assaults to police. d) It is difficult to accurately interpret crime report data when it comes to sexual assault. 80. According to Canadian census data, approximately ________ percent of same-sex couples are legally married. a) 13 b) 33 c) 50 d) 67 81. Which of the following statements is true when comparing same-sex relationships with mixed-sex relationships? a) The division of labour is often less gendered in same-sex relationships. b) Individuals are less affected by the loss of a partner in same-sex relationships. c) Individuals are less affected by the loss of a partner in mixed-sex relationships. d) There are a large number of differences when comparing same-sex relationships with mixed-sex relationships. 82. In 2012, which Canadian Province became the first to allow transgender people to change the gender on their birth certificate without having sex reassignment surgery? a) British Columbia b) Newfoundland and Labrador c) Quebec d) Ontario 83. In Canada, female toplessness ________. a) is legal in all Provinces and Territories b) has unclear legal rules and ramifications that differ by Province c) is not considered taboo by most d) is widely practiced in all Provinces and Territories 84. Who is considered to be the Hindu god of love and desire? a) Artha Human Sexuality: A Contemporary Introduction, Third Edition © Oxford University Press Canada, 2020 b) Dharma c) Kamadeva d) Brahmacharya 85. The most common form of birth control at the time of the Prophet Muhammad was ________. a) the condom b) withdrawal c) douching d) the calendar method 86. In early Judaism, which of the following taboos was not punishable by death according to various books of the Torah? a) incest b) female masturbation c) bestiality d) sexual behaviour between men 87. Which statement is true regarding Japanese Anime and gender roles? a) Transgender themes are often used for comic relief. b) Transgender themes are less prevalent than in North American film and TV. c) Characters often display less sexual and gender fluidity than in North American film and TV. d) Characters always conform to the Western binary of gender/sex. 88. The most common dyadic relationship pattern throughout most of the world is ________. a) polygamy b) polyandry c) polyamory d) monogamy 89. ________ is a term that best defines a type of role play or lifestyle choice between two or more individuals that includes a wide range of activities involving safe and consensual manipulations of erotic power. a) BDSM b) Hentai c) Sadism d) Masochism 90. The Supreme court of Canada ruled that is was against ________ of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms to deny same-sex couples the protections afforded to heterosexuals in common-law relationships. a) Section 2 b) Section 15 c) Section 7 d) Section 10 SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 1. The ________ model of sexual behaviour, most often portrayed in popular media in North America, ignores risks such as pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Human Sexuality: A Contemporary Introduction, Third Edition © Oxford University Press Canada, 2020 2. Some feminists argue that the Greek myth of ________ perpetuates the idea that sexual knowledge needs to be controlled by men. 3. Birth control is acceptable in Judaism as long as it is not a ________ method. 4. According to the Islamic religion, it is the ________ who decides if birth control is used within a marriage. 5. The last individual to have been incarcerated for "homosexuality" in Canada was ________ ________, sent to prison in 1967 and released in 1971. 6. The tendency to believe that one's ethnic or cultural group is the norm is known as ______. 7. Sexually explicit comics from Japan are called ________. 8. In the Himalayas, it is not uncommon to observe fraternal _______. 9. In India, a person who identifies as belonging to the third gender is referred to as ______. 10. Same-sex marriage became legal across Canada in ________. 11. Same-sex marriage became legal across the United States in ________. 12. The practice of having multiple wives is known as ________. 13. An Indigenous person who embodies both male and female identities is referred to as ________-________. 14. A ________ ________ is an involuntary ejaculation of semen during sleep (commonly known as "wet dream"). 15. ________ is a controversial mental illness/disease that was seen as being specific to women and characterized by the conversion of psychological stresses into physical symptoms, as well as volatile emotions and attention-seeking behaviours. 16. The internal experience of femaleness and/or maleness, or neither, or other gender(s) is called ________ ________. 17. ________ is the act of killing a child within a year of its birth. 18. The physical manifestation of one's gender identity through appearance (e.g., hairstyle), clothing, and behaviour is called ________ ________. 19. Gay men and lesbians have been allowed to serve openly in the Canadian Armed Forces since ________. 20. An illness, disease, or infection transmitted from one person to another by means of sexual behaviour is called a ________ ________ ________. ESSAY QUESTIONS