(Test Bank) Mosby’s Respiratory Care Equipment

Cairo, 10

Nursing

Test Bank

10th Edition

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Test Bank for Mosby’s Respiratory Care Equipment, The downloadable file consists of 379 pages, and the total size of the file is 5.59 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

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matter. Mosby’s Respiratory Care Equipment 10th Edition Cairo Test Bank Chapter 01: Basic Physics for the Respiratory Therapist Cairo: Mosby’s Respiratory Care Equipment, 10th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Power is a measure of which of the following? a. Mechanical energy b. Gravitational potential energy c. The rate at which work is being performed d. The rate at which atoms and molecules move ANS: C Power is a measure of the rate at which work is being performed. The formula P = W/J, where W = watts and 1 watt is equal to 1 J/s, expresses this. Joules are the international standard for expressing energy and work. PTS: 1 REF: Page 3 2. When effort produces a change in the position of matter a. work is performed. b. it is known as a joule. c. mechanical power is created. d. the law of the conservation of energy is being used. ANS: A Work is performed only TwEheSnTeBffAorNt KorSoEuLtsLidEe Rfo.rcCeOs pMroduce a change in the position of PTS: 1 REF: Page 3 3. The unit used to express the force of 1 N acting on a 1 -kg object to move it 1 m is which of the following? a. Watt b. Joule c. Kilowatt d. Kinetic energy (KE) ANS: B One joule is equal to the force of 1 N acting on 1 kg. A watt is equivalent to 1 J/s. A kilowatt is simply 1000 W. KE is energy an object possesses when it is in motion. PTS: 1 REF: Page 3 4. Power is expressed in which of the following units? a. Newtons b. Joules c. Ohms d. Watts ANS: D Power is a measure of the rate at which work is being performed. Energy and work are measured in joules. One joule is the force of 1 N acti ng on a 1 -kg object to move it 1 m. Ohms is the resistance an electrical circuit possesses. PTS: 1 REF: Page 3 5. Four horsepower (hp) is equal to how many kilowatts (kW)? a. 5.36 b. 2.98 c. 2984 d. 186.5 ANS: B 1 hp = 0.746 kW. 1 hp/0.746 = 4 hp/X. X = 4  0.476 = 2.98 kW. PTS: 1 REF: Page 3 6. The energy that an object possesses when it is in motion is called a. sound. b. kinetic. c. thermal. d. potential. ANS: B KE is the energy an obj eTctEpSosTsBesAseNsKwShEenLiLt sEtaRy.s CinOmMotion. Potential energy is stored energy, and it exists in many forms such as thermal energy or sound waves. PTS: 1 REF: Page 4 7. If the velocity of an object is reduced by half, its KE will be which of the following? a. Reduced to one-eighth b. Increased twofold c. Reduced twofold d. Not changed ANS: A Kinetic energy = 1/2(mass of object  square of velocity it is traveling, or mv2) or KE = 1/2(V  V). If the velocity is reduced by half, then KE = 1/2(1/2V  1/2V), or 1/2(1/2) = 1/8 reduction. PTS: 1 REF: Page 4 8. Energy that is stored in an object is called which of the following? a. Kinetic b. Potential c. Chemical d. Mechanical ANS: B Energy that is stored or possessed by an object because of its position is called potential energy. Mechanical energy can be divided into either KE or potential energy. Chemical potential energy often refers to the bonds in petroleum oils that, if broken, can be converted to KE. PTS: 1 REF: Page 4 9. The potential energy of a compressed spring is known as which of the following? a. Gravitational b. Chemical c. Inelastic d. Elastic ANS: D The potential energy stored in a compressed spring is called elastic potential energy. This energy is released when the spring is allowed to uncoil. Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object possesses if it is held above any surface, energy that the object’s weight gains as it falls. Chemical potential energy resides in the chemical bonds of the atoms that make up the object. Inelastic potential energy would not apply once the spring is compressed. PTS: 1 REF: Page 4 10. The energy stored in heating oil is known as which of the following? a. Elastic b. Atomic c. Chemical d. Gravitational ANS: C Petroleum reserves of coal, oil, and gas represent chemical potential energy by virtue of the chemical bond that must be broken to release energy. Heating oil potential energy has chemical -to-chemical bonds. Atomic energy involves two processes —fission (sp litting atoms) and fusion (joining two atoms). PTS: 1 REF: Page 3 11. The kinetic theory holds that a. all matter is composed of tiny particles. b. elements combine in fixed proportions to form molecules. c. the energy that an object gains as it falls is a result of gravity. d. atoms and molecules that make up matter are in constant motion. ANS: D KE is the energy an object possesses while in motion. PTS: 1 REF: Page 4 12. Which is the correct order for increasing size? a. Atoms, molecules, mixtures, compounds, elements b. Atoms, elements, molecules, compounds, mixtures c. Elements, atoms, molecules, compounds, mixtures d. Atoms, elements, mixtures, molecules, compounds ANS: B All matter, whether in gas, liquid, or solid form, is made up of atoms that can combine to form elements; the elements can then combine to form molecules. Molecules can combine to form compounds. Combining compounds makes a mixture. PTS: 1 REF: Page 4 13. Atoms and molecules arranged in an orderly fashion are called a. solids. b. mixtures. c. crystalline. d. amorphous. ANS: C Crystalline solids are highly organized structures whose atoms and molecules are arranged in a lattice configuration. Amorphous solids have atoms and molecules that are less rigidly arranged. PTS: 1 REF: Page 4 14. The most potential energy is contained by which state of matter? a. Gases b. Solids c. Liquids d. Mixtures ANS: B Of all states of matter, solids contain the most potential energy; solids are followed by liquids and then gases. PTS: 1 REF: Page 4 15. Which of the following are amorphous solids? 1. Iron 2. Glass 3. Steel 4. Margarine a. 1 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 4 d. 2, 3, and 4 ANS: C Glass and margarine are always considered amorphous solids. Steel and iron, however, have well-organized atoms in a crystalline arrangement. PTS: 1 REF: Page 4 16. Supercooled liquids are also known as which of the following? a. Elements b. Compounds c. Crystalline solids d. Amorphous solids ANS: D Amorphous solids are sometimes called supercooled liquids. Elements and compounds alone can combine to form either crystalline or amorphous solids. PTS: 1 REF: Page 4 17. The least amount of KE is possessed by which one of the following? a. Air b. Iron c. Water d. Plastic ANS: B Of the three states of matter, solids possess the least amount of KE. The bonds holding their atoms together limit the mobility of the particles that make up the solid. PTS: 1 REF: Page 4 18. Incompressible substances that are able to maintain their volume and shape are called a. gases. b. solids. c. liquids. d. compounds. ANS: B Solids are characterized as incompressible substances that can maintain their volume and shape. Gases and liquids do not maintain their volume and shape as well as solids do. PTS: 1 REF: Page 4 19. The weakest cohesive forces between constituent particles are present in which of the following? a. Water b. Plastic c. Hydrogen d. Liquid oxygen ANS: C Gases have extremely weak or no cohesive forces between their atoms. Hydrogen is the only gas among the four choices. PTS: 1 REF: Page 4 20. What forces must be overcome for evaporation to occur? 1. The mass attraction of the molecules for each other 2. The pressure of the gas above the liquid 3. The decrease of KE 4. The pressure of the gas below the liquid a. 1 and 4 b. 1 and 2 c. 2 and 3 d. 3 and 4 ANS: B Two forces must be overcome for evaporation to occur: the mass attraction of the molecules for each other (i.e., dipole –dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, and Van der Waals forces) and the pressure of the gas above the liquid. PTS: 1 REF: Page 6 21. The temperature at which a solid converts to a liquid is the point. a. freezing b. melting c. boiling d. critical ANS: B This is the definition of melting point. Freezing is the change of a substance from a liquid to a solid. Melting is the change from a solid to a liquid. The temperature at which a liquid converts to a gaseous state is the boiling po int. The critical point is used to describe the critical temper ature and cTrEitiScaTl BprAeNssKurSeEoLf aLsEuRbs.taCnOceM. PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 22. Which of the following statements are true concerning the latent heat of fusion? 1. It is also called evaporation. 2. It is expressed in calories per gram. 3. It will cause a complete change of state. 4. It is expressed in grams per degree Celsius. a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 2, 3, and 4 ANS: C Latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat, in calories, that must be added to cause a complete change of state. Evaporation is change from liquid to gas. Latent heat is expressed as calories per gram. Evaporation is the passive change of state over time, with no addition of heat. PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 23. The process whereby a solid directly becomes a gas is known as a. latent heat. b. sublimation. c. evaporation. d. condensation. ANS: B The direct change of state from solid to gas is called sublimation. Evaporation involves change from liquid to gas. Latent heat involves a change of state in matter of any form. PTS: 1 REF: Page 5 24. Which two of the following are ways to increase the rate of evaporation? 1. Decrease the temperature of the liquid 2. Increase the temperature of the liquid 3. Decrease atmospheric pressure 4. Increase atmospheric pressure a. 1 and 3 b. 1 and 4 c. 2 and 3 d. 2 and 4 ANS: C The rate of evaporation increases with an increase in temperature, an increase in surface area, or a decrease in pressure. PTS: 1 REF: Page 6 25. How much p ressure musTt bEeSaTppBlAieNd KtoSmEaLinLtaEinR.eqCuOiliMbrium b etween liquid and g aseous oxygen at its critical temperature? a. 1 atm b. 37 atm c. 43.9 atm d. 49.7 atm ANS: D When the atmospheric pressure is maintained at 49.7 atm, at a temperature of 119°C (oxygen’s critical temperature), oxygen maintains an equal balance between its liquid and gaseous states. PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 26. The temperature at which a liquid converts to a gaseous state is known as which of the following? a. Critical temperature b. Vapor pressure c. Boiling point d. Latent heat ANS: C The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals atmospheric pressure. Critical temperature is the temperature above which gases cannot convert back to liquid. Critical pressure is the amount of pressure applied at the cr itical temperature to maintain balance between the liquid and gas phases. PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 27. The temperature above which gas molecules cannot be converted back to a liquid, no matter how much pressure is exerted, is known as which of the following? a. Critical temperature b. Critical point c. Boiling point d. Latent heat ANS: A This is the definition of critical temperature. PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 28. The boiling point of liquid oxygen is which of the following? a. 119°C b. 182°F c. 183°C d. 49.7°C ANS: C This is the boiling point TofEliSqTuiBdAoxNyKgSenE. LLER.COM PTS: 1 REF: Page 6 29. Which two of the following are considered vapors? 1. Carbon dioxide 2. Nitrogen 3. Oxygen 4. Nitrous oxide a. 1 and 3 b. 1 and 4 c. 2 and 3 d. 2 and 4 ANS: B Substances such as nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide have critical temperatures above room temperature and thus can exist as vapors. PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 30. How many degrees Fahrenheit is 200°K? a. 99.4°F b. 58.3°F c. 32°F d. 0°F ANS: A Use the formula in Box 1.3 to calculate this conversion. PTS: 1 REF: Page 9 31. Absolute zero is which of the following? a. 0°K b. The freezing point of water c. Routinely measured in Fahrenheit d. The temperature at which all molecular motion stops ANS: A On the Kelvin scale, 0°K is absolute zero. PTS: 1 REF: Page 8 32. 20°C equals how many Kelvin? a. 32°K b. 68°K c. 253°K d. 293°K ANS: D See Fig. 1.3 in the textbook. PTS: 1 RETFE: STPaBgAe N9KSELLER.COM 33. How many degrees Celsius is 373°K? a. 32°C b. 100°C c. 273°C d. 341°C ANS: B See Box 1.3. PTS: 1 REF: Page 9 34. How many degrees Fahrenheit is 100°K? a. 331°F b. 279°F c. 173°F d. 212°F ANS: B See Box 1.3. PTS: 1 REF: Page 9 35. How many degrees Fahrenheit is 425°K? a. 152°F b. 274°F c. 306°F d. 698°F ANS: C See Box 1.3. PTS: 1 REF: Page 9 36. Which two of the following temperatures are not equal? 1. 15°C = 288°K 2. 98.6°C = 32°F 3. 20°F = 6.7°C 4. 100°C = 273°K a. 2 and 4 b. 1 and 3 c. 3 and 4 d. 1 and 2 ANS: A See Box 1.3. PTS: 1 REF: Page 9 37. How many d egrees CelsiTuEs iSsT10B1A°FN?KSELLER.COM a. 24°C b. 145°C c. 38.3°C d. 56.1°C ANS: C See Box 1.3. PTS: 1 REF: Page 9 38. How many degrees Kelvin is 25°F? a. 298°K b. 277°K c. 269°K d. 266°K ANS: C See Box 1.3. PTS: 1 REF: Page 9 39. How many millimeters of mercury is 25 cm H 2O? a. 2.45 b. 18.4 c. 188 d. 34 ANS: B See Box 1.4. PTS: 1 REF: Page 9 40. How many kilopascals are equal to 15 mm Hg? a. 2 b. 11 c. 153 d. 1.47 ANS: A See Box 1.4. PTS: 1 REF: Page 9 41. A reduction in the force of gravity will cause the atmospheric pressure to a. shift. b. increase. c. decrease. d. remain constant. ANS: C Atmospheric pressure is highest at sea level. An increase in altitude will cause atmospheric pressure to decrease, whiTcEh SleTadBsAtoNaKdSeEcrLeaLsEe Rin.thCeOfMorce of gr avity. PTS: 1 REF: Page 9 42. What are the two opposing forces in a mercury barometer? a. The weight of the mercury column and the force of the gas molecules b. The weight of the mercury column and the spring tension c. The spring tension and the gas pressure d. The gravity and the gas pressure ANS: A In a mercury barometer the weight of a column of mercury must equilibrate with the force of the gas molecules. PTS: 1 REF: Page 10 43. The effects of buoyancy are best explained by a. Archimedes principle. b. Bernoulli principle. c. Dalton’s law. d. Boyle’s law. ANS: A Buoyancy occurs when an object is submerged in water. The object feels lighter than it is above water. The Bernoulli principle, Dalton’s law, and Boyle’s law relate to how gases or fluids vary with changes in pressure, volume, or temperature. PTS: 1 REF: Page 10 44. Specific gravity is best described as which of the following? 1. A measure of density 2. An application of Archimedes principle 3. A measurement that can be performed on liquids only 4. An application of Boyle’s law a. 1 and 4 b. 1 and 2 c. 2 and 3 d. 2, 3, and 4 ANS: B Specific gravity calculations use Archimedes principle in comparing a substance’s weight and density relative to a standard. The measurement of specific gravity can also be applied to gases. PTS: 1 REF: Page 10 45. The viscosity of a fluid is primarily determined by 1. the cohesive forces between its molecules. 2. its density. 3. the numb er of collisioTnsEoSf TthBeAmNoKleScuEleLsL. ER.COM 4. free flow. a. 1 b. 1 and 2 c. 3 and 4 d. 2 and 4 ANS: B Viscosity can be defined as the force opposing deformation of a fluid. The viscosity of a fluid depends on its density and on the cohesive forces between its constituent molecules (i.e., as the cohesive forces of a fluid increase, so does its viscosity). PTS: 1 REF: Page 11 46. In which of the following substances can sublimation take place? a. Dry ice b. Gelatin (e.g., Jell-O) c. Water d. Glass ANS: A This process, called sublimation, occurs when the heat content of a substance increases to a point at which the molecules in the solid state gain enough energy to break loose and enter the gaseous state while remaining below its melting point. The conversion of solid carbon dioxide (i.e., dry ice) to gaseous carbon dioxide is the most common examp le of this process. PTS: 1 REF: Page 5 47. A hydrometer is usually associated with measuring which of the following? 1. Hydrogen content 2. Specific gravity 3. Weight density 4. Water vapor a. 1 and 3 b. 2 and 4 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3 ANS: C Hydrometers are used to measure the weight density or specific gravity of liquids. PTS: 1 REF: Page 10 48. Which of the following are components in respiration? 1. Sublimation 2. Condensation 3. Evaporation 4. Vaporization a. 1 b. 2 and 3 c. 2 and 4 d. 1, 2, and 4 ANS: B Evaporation and condensation are essential components of respiration. Specifically, effective ventilation requires a balance between the evaporation and condensation of the moisture of respired gases so that the airway mucosa are not dried and irritated. PTS: 1 REF: Page 6 49. Forces at the molecular interface between oil and water are known as _ forces. a. van der Waals b. hydrostatic c. cohesive d. adhesive ANS: C Surface tension is generated by the cohesive forces of molecules at a gas –liquid interface or at the interface of two immiscible liquids, such as oil and water. Adhesive forces are attractive forces between two different kinds of molecules, and van der Waa ls forces are physical intermolecular forces that cause molecules to be attracted to each other. PTS: 1 REF: Page 11 50. Surface tension is present in a container with which of the following? a. Oxygen and hydrogen b. Water and mercury c. Water and chlorine d. Water and salt ANS: B When water and mercury are mixed together, they will separate into two distinct liquids because of surface tension. Oxygen and hydrogen will combine to form water. Both salt and chlorine will dissolve in water easily. PTS: 1 REF: Page 11 51. A small -diameter glass tube is placed upright in a container of mercury. The meniscus at the top of the column of mercury is convex. This demonstrates that the a. cohesive forces of mercury are weak. b. cohesive forces of mercury are strong. c. adhesive forces within the mercury are strong. d. adhesive forces between the mercury and the glass are strong. ANS: B The cohesive forces within the mercury are stronger than the adhesive forces between the mercury and the glass. If the cohesive forces within the mercury were weaker than the adhesive forces, the meniscus would be concave. See Box 1.5. PTS: 1 REF: Page 11 52. According to the Système International d’Unités, surface tension is measured in a. cc3. b. lb/in2. c. lb/cc3. d. dyne/cm. ANS: D In the Système International d’Unités system of measurements, surface tension is measured in dyne per centimeter. PTS: 1 REF: Page 12 53. Which substance has the lowest surface tension? a. Water at 20°C b. Water at 37°C c. Blood at 37°C d. Ethyl alcohol at 20°C ANS: D See Table 1.2. PTS: 1 REF: Page 12 54. The surface tension of a liquid a. does not vary with temperature. b. increases as temperature increases. c. increases as temperature decreases. d. decreases as temperature increases. ANS: D The surface tension of any given liquid varies inversely with its temperature. Adding heat to a liquid causes the molecules to move more vigorously and break the bonds that are holding them in liquid form. PTS: 1 REF: Page 11 55. According to Laplace’s law, if the surface tension of a sphere is doubled, what will happen to the pressure within the sphere? a. The pressure will decrease by one half. b. The pressure will increase by one half. c. The pressure will quadruple. d. The pressure will double. ANS: D Laplace’s law, P = 2(ST/r), states that the pressure within a sphere is directly related to the surface tension of the liquid and inversely related to the radius of the sphere; th at is, both surface tension and pressure within a sphere will change equally in the same proportion. PTS: 1 REF: Page 11 56. What will happen to the surface tension of water droplets when a surface -active agent is added? a. Nothing will happen. b. It will increase. c. It will decrease. d. It will be eliminated. ANS: C Surface tension is the force exerted by like molecules at the liquid’s surface. The introduction of a surface -active agent (e.g., soap) would decrease the cohesive forces between the water droplets, thus reducing their surface tension at the surface. With liquids (e.g., water), surface tension can be made to increase or decrease, but it cannot be eliminated. See Fig. 1.9. PTS: 1 REF: Page 11 57. Which of the following shows the correct relationship among density, volume, and mass?