(Test Bank) Society The Basics

Macionis, 15

Sociology

Test Bank

15th Edition

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Author(s): Macionis

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Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 1: Sociology: Perspective, Theory, and Method In this revision of the test bank, I have updated all of the questions to reflect changes in Society: The Basics, 15th edition. The questions are tagged according to four levels of learning that move from lower-level to higher-level cognitive reasoning. The four levels are: Remember the Facts: a question involving recall of key terms or factual material Understand the Concepts: a question testing comprehension of more complex ideas Apply What You Know: a question applying sociological knowledge to some new situation Analyze It: a question requiring identifying elements of an argument and their interrelationship The 182 questions in this chapter’s test bank are divided into four types. True/False questions are the least demanding. As the table below shows, two-thirds of these are “Remember the Facts” questions, and all of them fall within the lowest three levels of cognitive reasoning (“Remember the Facts,” “Understand the Concepts,” and “Apply What You Know”). Multiple-choice questions span a broader range of skills (almost half are “Remember the Facts” questions and the remainder are divided among the three higher levels). Short answer questions also span a broad range of skills (from “Understand the Concepts” to “Analyze It”). Finally, essay questions are the most demanding because they include the highest levels of cognitive reasoning (“Apply What You Know” and “Analyze It”). Types of Questions True/False Mult Choice Short Answer Essay Total Qs Remember the Facts 35 (64%) 43 (43%) 0 0 78 Understand the Concepts 14 (25%) 22 (22%) 7 (41%) 0 43 Apply What You Know 6 (11%) 14 (14%) 2 (12%) 2 (20%) 24 Analyze It 0 21 (21%) 8 (47%) 8 (80%) 37 55 100 17 10 182 Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 1: Sociology: Perspective, Theory, and Method TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS 1. Most people in the United States marry partners who differ from themselves in terms of race and ethnicity. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 2. According to sociologists, human behavior reflects our personal “free will.” Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 3. Sociology is defined as the systematic study of human society. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 4. Sociologists focus only on unusual patterns of behavior. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 5. Using the sociological perspective, we would conclude that people’s lives are mostly a result of what they decide to do. Answer: False Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 6. College students in the U.S. tend to come from families with above-average incomes. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 7. Durkheim documented that categories of people with weaker social ties have lower suicide rates. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 8. In the United States, African Americans have a higher suicide rate than whites. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 9. In the United States, men have a higher suicide rate than women. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 10. In the United States, white people have a lower suicide rate than Hispanics. Answer: False Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 11. People with lower social standing are usually more likely to see the world from a sociological perspective than people who are well off. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 12. U.S. sociologist C. Wright Mills argued that times of social crisis foster widespread sociological thinking. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 13. C. Wright Mills claimed that, most of the time, people must learn to take responsibility for their own problems. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 14. A global perspective has little in common with a sociological perspective. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 15. Societies around the world are more interconnected than ever before. Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 16. Studying other societies is a good way to learn about our own way of life. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 17. In the nineteenth century, revolutionary changes in European societies sparked the development of sociology. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 18. As a discipline, sociology first took root in France, Germany, and England. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 19. Among all academic disciplines, sociology is one of the youngest. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 20. The term “sociology” was coined by Emile Durkheim in 1898. Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 21. Ancient philosophers, including Plato, were primarily interested in imagining the “ideal” society rather than studying society as it really is. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 22. The last of Comte’s three stages is the metaphysical stage, in which people know the world in terms of God’s will. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 23. The English philosopher Thomas Hobbes believed that society reflected the basic goodness of human nature. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 24. Auguste Comte was a positivist who believed that there were laws of society in the same way that there are laws of physics that describe the operation of the natural world. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 25. Based on the research by Barbara Ehrenreich, who tried to live by working at low-wage jobs, we would expect most people in such jobs to be able to move ahead to better paying work. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the advantages of sociological thinking for developing public policy, for encouraging personal growth, and for advancing in a career. Topic: Applying the Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 26. Sociological research may be interesting, but it is of little use in shaping public policy, including legislation. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the advantages of sociological thinking for developing public policy, for encouraging personal growth, and for advancing in a career. Topic: Applying the Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 27. The sociological perspective helps us to assess the truth of the “common sense” beliefs most people tend to take for granted. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the advantages of sociological thinking for developing public policy, for encouraging personal growth, and for advancing in a career. Topic: Applying the Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 28. The sociological perspective highlights how society affects only the least privileged people. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the advantages of sociological thinking for developing public policy, for encouraging personal growth, and for advancing in a career. Topic: Applying the Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 29. Sociology is useful training for any job that involves working with people. Answer: True Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Identify the advantages of sociological thinking for developing public policy, for encouraging personal growth, and for advancing in a career. Topic: Applying the Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 30. Sociologists test their theories by gathering facts in order to confirm, reject, or modify them. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches. Topic: Sociological Theory Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 31. The chapter explains that, in general, areas of the country with high population density have high rates of suicide. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches. Topic: Sociological Theory Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 32. The structural-functional, social-conflict, and symbolic-interaction approaches are three basic theoretical approaches in sociology. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches. Topic: Sociological Theory Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 33. According to Robert K. Merton, all social patterns are good and have the same beneficial effect on all members of a society. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches. Topic: Sociological Theory Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 34. Rarely are people aware of all the functions of any social structure. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches. Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Topic: Sociological Theory Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 35. Keeping young people out of a tight labor market is one latent function of higher education. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches. Topic: Sociological Theory Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 36. The manifest functions of our society’s reliance on personal automobiles include tens of thousands of deaths each year in traffic accidents. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches. Topic: Sociological Theory Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know 37. To say that a social pattern is “dysfunctional” means that it has more than one function for the operation of society. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches. Topic: Sociological Theory Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 38. The goal of the structural-functional approach is not simply to understand how society operates, but to reduce social inequality. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches. Topic: Sociological Theory Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 39. In the United States, secondary schools place students in college preparatory or vocational “tracks” that partially reflect the social background of their families. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches. Topic: Sociological Theory Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 40. Both feminism and the gender-conflict approach highlight ways in which women are unequal to men. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches. Topic: Sociological Theory Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 41. W. E. B. Du Bois translated the writings of Auguste Comte from French into English. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches. Topic: Sociological Theory Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 42. Harriet Martineau, who wrote about the evils of slavery and the need to improve the lives of factory workers, is regarded as the first woman sociologist. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches. Topic: Sociological Theory Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 43. Both Jane Addams and Harriet Martineau are remembered today because they were married to important sociologists. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches. Topic: Sociological Theory Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 44. Like the gender-conflict approach, the race-conflict approach is concerned with social inequality. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches. Topic: Sociological Theory Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 45. W. E. B. Du Bois wrote a classic study of the African American community in Philadelphia. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches. Topic: Sociological Theory Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 46. William Edward Burghardt Du Bois encouraged sociologists to avoid studying controversial topics such as racial inequality. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches. Topic: Sociological Theory Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 47. Both Karl Marx and W. E. B. Du Bois carried out their work guided by the structural-functional approach. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches. Topic: Sociological Theory Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 48. The symbolic-interaction approach is a micro-level orientation. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches. Topic: Sociological Theory Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 49. The focus of the symbolic-interaction approach is how society is divided by class, race, and gender. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches. Topic: Sociological Theory Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 50. Social-exchange analysis is one micro-level approach to understanding social interaction. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches. Topic: Sociological Theory Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 51. Sociological research shows that all categories of people in the United States have had the same opportunities to participate in sports. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.6: Explain why a researcher might choose each of sociology’s research methods. Topic: Research Methods Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 52. “Stacking” in sports is the pattern by which people of one racial category disproportionately play in specific positions. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.6: Explain why a researcher might choose each of sociology’s research methods. Topic: Research Methods Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 53. The meaning people find in competitive sports would be one focus of a symbolic-interaction approach. Answer: True Learning Objective: LO 1.6: Explain why a researcher might choose each of sociology’s research methods. Topic: Research Methods Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 54. A symbolic-interaction analysis focuses on how social interaction in everyday settings involves social inequality. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.6: Explain why a researcher might choose each of sociology’s research methods. Topic: Research Methods Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 55. Sociological generalizations are the same as simple stereotypes. Answer: False Learning Objective: LO 1.6: Explain why a researcher might choose each of sociology’s research methods. Topic: Research Methods Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 56. What might a sociologist say about people’s selection of marriage partners? a. People marry because they fall in love. b. When it comes to romance, it is all a matter of personal taste. c. Typically, a person marries someone of similar social position. d. When it comes to love, opposites attract. Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It 57. What does the idea that the social world guides our actions and life choices just as the seasons influence activities and choice of clothing describe? a. The basis of what philosophy calls “free will” b. The essential wisdom of the discipline of sociology c. The fact that people everywhere have “common sense” d. The fact that people from countries all around the world make mostly identical choices about how to live Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 58. Which discipline defines itself as “the systematic study of human society”? a. Sociology b. Psychology Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. c. Economics d. History Answer: a Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 59. Peter Berger describes using the sociological perspective as seeing the ________ in the ________. a. good; worst tragedies b. new; old c. specific; general d. general; particular Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 60. By stating that the sociological perspective shows us “the strange in the familiar,” the text argues that sociologists ________ a. focus on the bizarre elements of society. b. reject the familiar idea that people simply decide how to act in favor of the initially strange idea that society shapes our lives. c. believe that people often behave in strange ways. d. believe that even people who are most familiar to us have some very strange habits. Answer: b Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 61. Three campus roommates are talking about why they are in college. A sociological view of going to college highlights the effect of ________ a. only age, because college students tend to be young. b. only class, because college students tend to come from families with above-average incomes. Macionis, Society: The Basics, 15e Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. c. only our place in history, because a century ago going to college was not an option for most people. d. age, class, and our place in history, because of these are all ways in which society guides college attendance. Answer: d Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 62. The chapter’s sociological analysis of childbearing around the world suggests that the number of children born to a woman reflects ________ a. only her preference for family size. b. how many children she can afford. c. whether she lives in a poor or a rich society. d. simply the desires of her husband. Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 63. According to Emile Durkheim, categories of people with a higher suicide rate typically have ________ a. more clinical depression. b. less money, power, and other resources. c. lower levels of social integration. d. higher self-esteem. Answer: c Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective helps us understand that society shapes our individual lives. Topic: The Sociological Perspective Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Analyze It 64. The pioneering sociologist who studied patterns of suicide in Europe was ________ a. Robert K. Merton. b. Auguste Comte. c. Emile Durkheim. d. Karl Marx.