(Test Bank) Experience Psychology

9781264108701, King, 5

Psychology

Test Bank

5th Edition

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Test Bank for Experience Psychology, The downloadable file consists of 734 pages, and the total size of the file is 3.26 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): King

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Study Note Preview

Version 1 1 CHAPTER 1 1) Summarize the three approaches (structuralism, functionalism, evolutionary approach) that shaped the history of psychology. 2) Compare and contrast the behavioral and psychodynamic approaches to psychology. 3) Explain the cognitive approach to psychology. 4) Summarize the seven contemporary approaches to psychology with the help of a suitable example. Version 1 2 5) Summarize the five steps of the scientific method. 6) Compare and contrast the three types of research methods (descriptive, correlational, and experimental) used by psychologists. 7) Briefly describe the importance of surveys and interviews as descriptive research methods. 8) Your local newspaper publishes the result of a current scientific study that shows exercise is positively correlated with happiness. The correlation coefficient is +.72. Interpret what this result means.Version 1 3 9) Describe the third variable problem with a suitable example. 10) Describe the four issues addressed by the American Psychological Association (APA) ethical guidelines. 11) According to the science of psychology, a behavior is a(n) A) feeling that is acknowledged. B) attitude that can be changed. C) action that can be directly observed. D) goal for life. 12) Which of the following is an example of behavior?Version 1 4 A) thinking of a family vacation B) two people holding hands in a park C) a student's memory of a motorcycle trip D) a baby's feelings when his or her mother leaves the room 13) ________ are the thoughts, feelings, and motives that each of us experiences privately but that cannot be observed directly. A) Mental processes B) Behaviors C) Fetal processes D) Mannerisms 14) Which of the following attitudes are central to the scientific approach to psychology? A) critical thinking, curiosity, skepticism, and objectivity B) critical thinking, curiosity, skepticism, and subjectivity C) critical thinking, curiosity, political correctness, and objectivity D) critical thinking, curiosity, political correctness, and subjectivity 15) Which of the following statements about critical thinking is FALSE? A) Critical thinking is the process of thinking deeply and actively, asking questions, and evaluating the evidence. B) Critical thinking comes into play when scientists consider the conclusions they draw from research. C) Critical thinking increases the likelihood that conclusions will be based on unreliable personal beliefs, opinions, and motions. D) Critical thinkers question and test what some people say are facts. Version 1 5 16) Which of the following statements best defines critical thinking in psychology? A) It is the process of accepting observed events as true. B) It is the process of reflecting deeply, asking questions, and evaluating evidence. C) It is a form of thinking intended to create something new and different. D) It is a form of thinking that has been rejected by contemporary psychologists. 17) If research found that the more free time people have the less they get done, such results would best be characterized as A) counterintuitive. B) obvious. C) falsified. D) skeptical. 18) The ________ involves gaining knowledge by observing events, collecting data, and reasoning logically. A) process of debriefing B) empirical method C) biological approach D) process of deception 19) Which of the following goals of science does the empirical method best fulfill?Version 1 6 A) expectations B) objectivity C) subjectivity D) political correctness 20) Psychology began as a science in the discipline of A) philosophy. B) physics. C) chemistry. D) sociology. 21) Which of the following theorists primarily used the structuralism approach to studying human behavior? A) William James B) Wilhelm Wundt C) Charles Darwin D) Sigmund Freud 22) Wilhelm Wundt's approach to discovering the basic elements of mental processes is called A) functionalism. B) structuralism. C) humanism. D) behaviorism. Version 1 7 23) In which of the following psychological approaches did researchers ask participants to think about what was going on mentally as various events took place? A) behaviorism B) functionalism C) structuralism D) humanism 24) If you were a psychologist who adopted the structuralism approach, you would be interested in the ________ of the mind, using ________ as your primary research method. A) functions; experimentation B) structures; externalization C) functions; retrospection D) structures; introspection 25) Wilhelm Wundt was the founder of ________, whereas William James was the founder of ________. A) structuralism; behaviorism B) behaviorism; functionalism C) functionalism; behaviorism D) structuralism; functionalism 26) ________ is most often regarded the "founding father" of modern psychology.Version 1 8 A) William James B) Wilhelm Wundt C) Sigmund Freud D) Charles Darwin 27) Which of the following statements correctly differentiates between structuralism and functionalism in early psychology? A) Functionalism focused on the elements of the mind; structuralism focused on the purpose of thoughts. B) Functionalism focused on the purposes of the mind; structuralism focused on the elemental parts of mental processes. C) Functionalism relied on introspection; structuralism relied on a stream of consciousness. D) Functionalism was about the "why" of the mind; structuralism was about the "what" of the mind. 28) William James, a prominent American psychologist and philosopher, focused on human interactions with the outside world to understand the purpose of thoughts. His view is known as A) psychoanalysis. B) behaviorism. C) functionalism. D) structuralism. 29) ________ involves using introspection to investigate the components of the mind, whereas ________ involves the functions or purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment.Version 1 9 A) Structuralism; functionalism B) Functionalism; structuralism C) Functionalism; psychodynamic theory D) Behaviorism; structuralism 30) Which of the following terms refers to Charles Darwin's principle of an evolutionary process; the process in which organisms that are best adapted to their environment will survive and, importantly, produce offspring? A) natural selection B) replication C) placebo effect D) functionalism 31) Psychologists who adopt a(n) ________ approach examine behavior and mental processes by focusing on the body, especially the brain and nervous system. A) biological B) psychodynamic C) behavioral D) evolutionary 32) Michelle, a researcher, conducts a study to investigate how people's hands sweat during stressful interviews. In this scenario, Michelle is most likely following the ________ to psychology.Version 1 10 A) behavioral approach B) cognitive approach C) evolutionary approach D) biological approach 33) ________ is the scientific study of the structure, function, development, genetics, and biochemistry of the nervous system. A) Neurokinesis B) Neurohumor C) Neuroscience D) Neuroacanthocytosis 34) Which of the following is true of neuroscience as a contemporary approach to psychology? A) It focuses on natural selection as the method of evolution for any species. B) It focuses on the unconscious elements of behavior, thought, and emotion. C) It emphasizes that behavior can only be understood through direct observation. D) It emphasizes that the brain is central to understanding behavior, thought, and emotion. 35) Neuroscience studies are based on the ________ approaches to psychology. A) behavioral B) psychodynamic C) biological D) evolutionary Version 1 11 36) Jake, a researcher, measures the levels of testosterone in adult males who tend to be highly aggressive. He believes hormone levels are the single-most prominent cause of male aggression. In this scenario, Jake is most likely using the ________ approach in his study. A) cognitive B) humanistic C) sociocultural D) biological 37) The ________ approach emphasizes the scientific study of observable actions and/or responses and their environmental determinants. A) environmental B) psychodynamic C) observational D) behavioral 38) J. B. Watson and B. F. Skinner believed that A) consciousness should always be investigated through the process of individual introspection. B) psychology should focus on an organism's visible interactions with the environment—that is, behaviors. C) psychology should study both outwardly observed behaviors and inborn mental motivations. D) psychological methods could be developed to study the process of human cognition. Version 1 12 39) Annette is an adolescent with extreme social anxiety. Dr. Benson's treatment plan for Annette focuses on rewarding her whenever she takes a step toward conquering her fears. In this scenario, Dr. Benson adheres most closely to the ________ approach to psychology. A) cognitive B) behavioral C) psychodynamic D) sociocultural 40) ________ believed that psychology should be about what people do, and should not concern itself with what cannot be seen, such as thoughts, feelings, and goals. A) B. F. Skinner B) Wilhelm Wundt C) Sigmund Freud D) Carl Rogers 41) Which approach to psychology emphasizes unconscious thought? A) behavioral approach B) sociocultural approach C) psychodynamic approach D) evolutionary approach 42) In his practice, Dr. Wagner stresses the role of unconscious processes and unresolved childhood conflicts that influence an individual's behavior. Dr. Wagner's belief aligns with the ________ approach to psychology.Version 1 13 A) behavioral B) cognitive C) psychodynamic D) evolutionary 43) During a therapy session, Mrs. Brown's therapist, Donald, asks Mrs. Brown about her dreams because he believes that they are a key to her unconscious mind. In this scenario, Donald is most likely using the ________ approach to psychology. A) behavioral B) cognitive C) sociocultural D) psychodynamic 44) Which of the following statements is true of Sigmund Freud, the founding father of the psychodynamic approach? A) He based his ideas about human nature on random people he saw on the street. B) He believed that most of human behavior was caused by pleasant, conscious impulses trying to be expressed. C) He placed less emphasis on sexual drives and more on cultural or social experiences as determinants of behavior. D) He theorized that early relationships with parents shape an individual's personality. 45) Which of the following statements is true of the practitioners of the psychodynamic approach?Version 1 14 A) They believe that personality is shaped entirely by genetic factors. B) They believe that sexual and aggressive impulses buried deep within the unconscious mind influence the way people think, feel, and behave. C) They emphasize that psychology should be about what people do and should not concern itself with things that cannot be seen, such as thoughts, feelings, and goals. D) They use evolutionary ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors. 46) The ________ approach to psychology views the mind as an active and aware problem-solving system. This view contrasts with the ________ outlook, which portrays actions as controlled by external environmental forces. A) behavioral; cognitive B) cognitive; behavioral C) psychodynamic; humanistic D) humanistic; psychodynamic 47) Which of the following techniques involves an analyst unlocking a person's unconscious conflicts by talking with the individual about his or her childhood memories, dreams, thoughts, and feelings? A) structuralism B) neuroscience C) introspection D) psychoanalysis 48) Which of the following statements is true of humanistic psychologists?