(Test Bank) Introduction To Sociology

Carr,Giddens,Duneier,Appelb, 11

Sociology

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11th Edition

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Test Bank for Introduction To Sociology, The downloadable file consists of 664 pages, and the total size of the file is 2.83 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Carr, Giddens, Duneier, Appelb

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Test Bank for Introduction to Sociology, 11e Deborah Carr, Anthony Giddens, Mitchell Duneier, Richard Appelb CHAPTER 1: What Is Sociology? MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. According to the sociological perspective, people’s behavior is: a. mostly a result of their perso nality b. entirely determined by the social context c. mostly a result of their genes d. influenced by the so cial context ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 Basic Concepts OBJ: Recognize that sociology involves not only acquiring knowledge but also developing a sociological imagination. MSC: Applying 2. The idea of a sociological imagination originated with: a. Anthony Giddens b. C. Wright Mills c. Émile Durkheim d. Karl Marx ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 Basic Concepts OBJ: Recognize that sociology involves no t only acquiring knowledge but also developing a sociological imagination. MSC: Remembering 3. The significa nce of a sociological imagination is that: a. sociology should be considered a philosophy rather than a science b. sociologists are primarily inter ested in predicting the unobservable c. sociology attempts to connect individual experiences to a conception of a larger social structure d. sociology is rarely concerned with empirical verification of theories ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 Basic Concepts OBJ: Recognize that sociology involves not only acquiring knowledge but also developing a sociological imaginat ion. MSC: Remembering 4. When sociologists visit college campuses, they witness a variety of behaviors and social relationships that are not neces sarily immediately apparent to the members of the college community because this community is unlikely to be focusing on how the college context connects to the larger social framework. The ability to interpret all the events taking place within the campus context is referred to as: a. theory b. macrosociology c. feminism d. sociological imagination ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 Basic Concepts OBJ: Recognize that sociology involves not only acquiring knowledge but also developing a sociological imaginatio n. MSC: Applying 5. Sociologists often observe individual people’s behavior, even though they are typically analyzing these observations for how they reveal patterns or regularities of social behaviors beyond the individuals themselves. This relates to so ciology’s focus on ___________. a. socialization b. anomie c. bureaucracy d. social structure ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn what sociology covers as a field and how everyday topics are shaped by social and historical forces. MSC: Understanding 6. The norms, beliefs, and values that we learn through socialization make __________ possib le. a. agency b. power struggles c. social order d. bureaucracy ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn what sociology covers as a fi eld and how everyday topics are shaped by social and historical forces. MSC: Understanding 7. Sociologists r ecognize that when a group of people agree on an idea or practice, it becomes a taken -for-granted reality. This is called __________. a. rationaliz ation b. social construction c. social constraint d. latent function ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 Basic Co ncepts OBJ: Learn what sociology covers as a field and how everyday topics are shaped by social and historical forces. MSC: Remembering 8. A child ’s father is likely to tell the child to “say thank -you” when the child receives a gift. This is an example o f: a. social construction b. rationalization c. socialization d. social structure ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn what so ciology covers as a field and how everyday topics are shaped by social and historical forces. MSC: Applying 9. We can say that something is socially constructed when it occurs through: a. anomie b. rationalization c. social intelligence d. social interact ions ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn what sociology covers as a field and how everyday topics are shaped by social and historical forces. MSC: Remembering 10. In their 2002 study comparing the average yearly income of students who ha d been admitted to and attended an Ivy League college with the average yearly income of students who had been admitted to but did not attend an Ivy League college, Alan Krueger and Stacy Dale found that: a. the individual matters despite an apparent dispar ity in opportunities between Ivy League and non –Ivy League colleges b. highly motivated students are far less likely to succeed if they attend a non –Ivy League college c. institutional structures are always a greater determinant of success than personal ambition d. non–Ivy League college graduates have a significantly higher average income than graduates of Ivy L eague colleges ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 Basic Concepts OBJ: Recognize that sociology involves not only acquiring knowledge but also develop ing a sociological imagination. MSC: Understanding 11. Early sociological theorists often differed in their analyses of social behavior and social institutions. Nevertheless, Auguste Comte, Émile Durkheim, Karl Marx, and Max Weber strove to explain the ne w relationships that emerged as an outgrowth of the: a. American Revolution b. French Revolution c. Russian R evolution d. Industrial Revolution ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Understanding 12. Which sociological theorist first used the word sociology to describe the science that seeks to understand human behavior? a. Auguste Comte b. Émile Durkheim c. Karl Marx d. Max Weber ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 13. What should knowledge of society be based on, according to Auguste Comte? a. authority b. imagination c. scient ific evidence d. tradition ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 14. Which of the following social thinkers argued that it is preferable for social development to come from individual achievement rather than assistance from the s tate? a. Herbert Spencer b. Karl Marx c. Émile Durkheim d. George Herbert Mead ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 Th e Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of ear ly sociologists. MSC: Remembering 15. Which sociologist argued that social factors exert a fundamental influ ence on suicidal behavior? a. Anthony Giddens b. Émile Durkheim c. George Herbert Mead d. Robert K. Merton ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Developm ent of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intel lectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 16. According to Émile Durkheim, sociologists must study social facts, which are: a. the ways in which people cooperate b. what people report as the reasons for their behavior c. aspects of soc ial life that shape our individual actions d. individual opinions ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn h ow sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologis ts. MSC: Remembering 17. Organic solidarity is: a. how society operates naturally b. when people disagree on basic values and customs but work tog ether anyway c. a source of social conflict in society d. when the institutions of society function together as a whole ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the signific ance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 18. According to Émile Durkhe im, societies must have organic solidarity based on cooperation and a general agreement on basic values and customs in order to: a. persist over ti me b. survive in the face of globalization c. have a functional division of labor d. limit social conflict ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the i ntellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 19. The way in which social structure limi ts the range of activities and opportunities in individuals’ lives is called: a. division of labor b. anomie c. rationalization d. social constrain t ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originate d and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 20. Consider a society in which anyone is allowed to go to any school they can qualify and pay for. A young adult wishes to go to a costly private university but cannot afford the cost of tuition. This would be an example of the concept of __________. a. anomie b. social constraint c. capitali sm d. division of labor ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn h ow sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Applying 21. According to Ém ile Durkheim, the following would gradually replace religion as the source of social cohesion in society: a. science b. love c. the division of labor d. capitalism ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how soci ology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 22. Émile Durkheim analyzed the social changes transforming society in his lifetime in terms of: a. “social physics” b. the material ist conception of history c. the rationalization of social and economic life d. the division of labor ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intell ectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Understanding 23. According to Émile Durkheim, the rapid pr ocess of social change gives rise to many social difficulties that he linked to: a. anomie b. social conflict c. increased social constraint d. the economy ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology origin ated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 24. Which early theorist saw class conflict as the main source of social change? a. Émile Durkheim b. Harriet Martineau c. Karl Marx d. Max Webe r ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the i ntellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 25. In Marxian analysis, which group makes up the largest component of society? a. the ruling class b. capitalists c. wage workers d. the aristocracy ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Develop ment of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the inte llectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 26. Karl Marx differs from Émile Durkheim in that Marx: a. concentrated on postindu strial society as opposed to industrial society b. argued that social change is caused by economic influences as opposed to values and ideas c. argued for a social physics and scientific understanding d. argued that social change causes anomie ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and underst and the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Understanding 27. According to Karl Marx’s materialist concepti on of history, which of the following would be considered a source of social change in society? a. democratic political movements b. the conflict between the working class and the ruling class c. acceptance of new religions d. changes in family structure ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated a nd understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Understanding 28. According to Karl Marx, the modern era is shaped primarily by: a. anomie b. bureaucracy c. division of labor d. capitalism ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributio ns of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 29. The economic system in which conflict is inevitable because i t is in the interest of the ruling class to exploit the working class and in the interest of workers to overcome that exploitation is called: a. socialism b. Marxism c. communism d. capitalism ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Rememb ering 30. Which of the following was a focus of Max Weber’s research? a. class struggles b. the influence of cultural ideas and values on social change and individual behavior c. a belief in the superiority of Western culture d. the sense of aimlessness pr ovoked by modern social life ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 31. Accordi ng to Max Weber, economic factors are important to social change in society. However, he also argued that ___ _________ is/are just as important for social change. a. ideas and values b. cohesion c. government d. the ability to accept social change ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and unde rstand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 32. What played the fundamental role in developi ng the capitalistic outlook, according to Max Weber? a. organic solidarity b. specialization c. religious val ues d. symbolic interaction ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Understanding 33. Max Weber contended that a bureaucratic structure is the most efficient organizational type. Which of the following best exemplifies a bureaucratic organizat ion? a. the Beta chapter of Delta Gamma sorority b. a block party in celebration of Independence Day c. an in troductory sociology class d. the college or university you attend ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early soci ologists. MSC: Applying 34. Minzee has just been promoted to head assistant of Technology Innovations for the Department of Sociology. She now rep orts directly to the chairperson of the Technology Committee. Minzee is in charge of digitizing movie clips a nd sending them to the chairperson, who then loads the clips onto the department website. This chain of command is an example of: a. capitalism b. social structure c. socialization d. bureaucracy ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociolog ical Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Applying 35. Which type of organization causes problems for effective democratic participation, according to Ma x Weber? a. government b. capitalism c. rationalization d. bureaucracy ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 36. In the classical period of sociology, _________ were rarely allowed to hold academic positions or to do sociolo gical research, so their contributions have been neglected. a. men b. Frenchmen c. Germans d. women and minor ities ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of t he intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 37. The foundational figures in sociol ogy developed theories to address social inequality, exploitation, and stratification, but at the same time they: a. neglected to examine industria lization b. ignored women and minorities c. forgot to examine values and beliefs d. ignored the role of relig ion in society ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the signific ance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Understanding 38. Who was the first socio logist to look at previously ignored issues, such as domestic life and race relations? a. Émile Durkheim b. Emily Dickinson c. Harriet Martineau d. Jean Baudrillard ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how soc iology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Understanding 39. Harriet Martinea u is significant to sociologists today for insisting that an analysis of society must include: a. a focus on culture b. an examination of economic factors c. all of society’s members, including women d. the most powerful figures in a society ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 40. According to W. E. b. Du Bois, African Americans’ sense of self and identity are greatly influenced by the experiences of slavery and, after emancipation, segr egation. Du Bois labeled this idea: a. organic solidarity b. rationalization c. dialectical materialism d. double consciousness ANS: D DIF: Modera te REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 41. Who said about American society, “The problem of the tw entieth century is the problem of the color line”? a. Émile Durkheim b. George Herbert Mead c. Harriet Martin eau d. W. E. B.Du Bois ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Development of Sociological Thinking OBJ: Learn how sociology originated and understand the significance of the intellectual contributions of early sociologists. MSC: Remembering 42. Having a ________ _ allows one to understand the centrality of gender in analyzing the social world. a. sociological imagination b. rational choice perspective c. global perspective d. feminist perspective ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Learn the different theoretical approaches modern sociologists bring to the field MSC: Remembering 43. With the use of Internet technology, college stud ents are able to more efficiently register for classes, check their grades, and access course material on cla ss websites. Max Weber would say that this is an example of: a. agency b. capitalism c. rationalization d. division of labor ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 Modern Theoretical Approaches OBJ: Be able to identify some of the leading theorists and the conce pts they contributed to sociology. MSC: Applying 44. The concept of rationalization, the process by which the social world becomes more precise, ef ficiently organized, and involves more abstract rules was developed by ___________.