(Test Bank) Psychology

9780135212431, Ciccarelli,White, 6

Psychology

Test Bank

6th Edition

• $15.00 $50.00

---

Description

Test Bank for Psychology, The downloadable file consists of 758 pages, and the total size of the file is 4.67 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Ciccarelli, White

---

---

Study Note Preview

TEST BANK FOR PSYCHOLOGY 6TH EDITION BY SAUNDRA K. CICCARELLI J. NOLAND WHITE ISBN -10: 013521243X ISBN -13: 9780135212431 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. The Science of Psychology 2. The Biological Perspective 3. Sensation and Perception 4. Consciousness 5. Learning 6. Memory 7. Cognition: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language 8. Development Across the Life Span 9. Motivation and Emotion 10. Sexuality and Gender 11. Stress and Health 12. Social Psychology 13. Theories of Personality 14. Psychological Disorders 15. Psychological Therapies Name Chapter 1 – Quick Quiz 1 1. The goals of psychology are to . a) explore the conscious and unconscious functions of the human mind b) understand, compare, and analyze human behavior c) improve psychological well -being in all individuals from birth until death d) describe, explain, predict, and control behavior 2. was an early proponent of functionalism. a) Ivan Pavlov c) Wilhelm Wundt b) William James d) Max Wertheimer 3. Freud said phobias were , whereas Watson said phobias were . a) learned; inherited c) sexual; unconscious b) repressed conflicts; learned d) conditioned; unconditioned 4. Which perspective focuses on free will and self-actualization? a) psychoanalysis c) cognitive perspective b) humanism d) behaviorism 5. The class is playing a game of Jeopardy! and it is your turn. “I’ll take Specialties in Psychology for $300.” The revealed answer is, “These psychological professionals work with situations in which environmental conditions may have an impact on mental health.” What will you say? a) “What is a neuropsychologist?” b) “What is a forensic psychologist?” c) “What is a psychiatric social worker?” d) “What is a developmental psychologist?” 6. When you watch dogs play in the park or watch how your professors conduct their classes, you are engaging in a form of . a) case study research c) survey research b) naturalistic observation d) psychometric study 7. A detailed description of a particular individual being studied or treated is called a . a) representative sample c) single -blind study b) case study d) naturalistic observation 8. A negative correlation means that . a) high values of one variable are associated with low values of the other b) high values of one variable are associated with high values of the other c) low values of one variable are associated with low values of the other d) there is no relationship between the two variables 9. is an experiment in which participants do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group, but the experimenters do know which participants are part of which group. a) The double -blind study c) The single -blind study b) Field research d) Correlational research 10. Experimenters can justify the use of deception because . a) there is informed consent c) it may be necessary for the experiment to work b) research is more important than people d) it is not that harmful Chapter 1 – Quick Quiz 1 Answer Key 1. d Explanation: These goals adequately help uncover the mysteries of behavior. (Topic: 1.6 The Scientific Approach, Skill Level: Remember the Facts, Difficulty Level: Easy, Learning Objective: 1.6 Recall the five steps of the scientific approach, APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.) 2. b Explanation: William James was a functionalist. (Topic: 1.1 In the Beginning: Wundt, Titchener, and James, Skill Level: Remember the Facts, Difficulty Level: Easy, Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the contributions of some of the early pioneers in psychology, APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.) 3. b Explanation: Freud studied repressed conflict and Watson studied observable behavior. (Topic: 1.2 Three Influential Approaches: Gestalt, Psychoanalysis , and Behaviorism, Skill Level: Analyze It, Difficulty Level: Moderate, Learning Objective: 1.2 Summarize the basic ideas and the important people behind the early approaches known as Gestalt, psychoanalysis, and behaviorism, APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.) 4. b Explanation: The humanistic perspective focuses on free will and self -actualization. (Topic: 1.3 Modern Perspectives, Skill Level: Remember the Facts, Difficulty Level: Easy, Learning Objective: 1.3 Summarize the basic ideas behind the seven modern perspectives in psychology, APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarchi ng themes in psychology.) 5. c Explanation: Psychiatric social workers work with people in conditions of poverty or other types of environmental situations leading to mental disorders. (Topic: 1.4 Psychological Professionals and Areas of Specialization, Skil l Level: Apply What You Know, Difficulty Level: Easy, Learning Objective: 1.4 Differentiate between the various types of professionals within the field of psychology, APA Learning Objectives: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains; 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.) 6. b Explanation: In naturalistic observation, you are just watching —that is, observing. (Topic: 1.7 Descriptive Methods, Skill Level: Apply What You Know, Difficulty Level: Easy, Learning Objective: 1.7 Com pare and contrast some of the methods used to describe behavior, APA Learning Objectives: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology; 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.) 7. b Explanation: A case study involves a detailed description of a particular individual. (Topic: 1.7 Descriptive Methods, Skill Level: Remember the Facts, Difficulty Level: Easy, Learning Objective: 1.7 Compare and contrast some of the methods used to describe behavior, APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.) 8. a Explanation: A negative correlation means that high values of one variable are associated with low values of the other. (Topic: 1.8 Correlations: Finding Relationships, Skill Level: Rememb er the Facts, Difficulty Level: Easy, Learning Objective: 1.8 Explain how researchers use the correlational technique to study relationships between two or more variables, APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.) 9. c Explanation: The single -blind study is an experiment in which participants do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group, but the experimenters do know which participants are part of which g roup. (Topic: 1.10 Experimental Hazards and Controlling for Effects, Skill Level: Remember the Facts, Difficulty Level: Easy, Learning Objective: 1.10 Recall two common sources of problems in an experiment and some ways to control for these effects, APA Le arning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.) 10. c Explanation: Deception is justified if the study wouldn’t work any other way. (Topic: 1.11 The Guidelines for Doing Research with People, Skill Level: Analyze It, Difficulty Level: Moderate, Learning Objective: 1.11 Identify some of the common ethical guidelines for doing research with people, APA Learning Objective: 3.1 Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice.) Name Chapter 1 – Quick Quiz 2 1. The question “What is happening?” refers to which of the following goals in psychology? a) description c) prediction b) explanation d) control 2. claimed that behavior is affected by reinforcement. a) William James c) B. F. Skinner b) Sigmund Freud d) Wilhelm Wundt 3. Dr. Ramos contends that humans are intelligent species due to the fact that intelligence gives us an advantage in the natural world. Dr. Ramos likely agrees with the theory of psychology. a) psychoanalytic c) cognitive b) behavioral d) evolutionary 4. “Children who watch violent cartoons will become more aggressive.” According to the scientific method, this statement is most likely a . a) conclusion c) hypothesis b) result d) fact 5. Which research method involves watching behaviors as they occur without intervening or altering the behaviors in any way? a) case study c) correlational studies b) experiment d) naturalistic observation 6. A(n) is a measure of how strongly two variables are related to one another. a) independent variable c) experimental effect b) dependent variable d) correlation 7. Maricella has always been drawn to the saying “Absence makes the heart grow fonder,” and she decides to incorporate this saying into her research project. Maricella is trying to define absence in a way that can be empirically tested. She is attempting to find an appropriate . a) hypothesis c) double -blind study b) operationalization d) theory 8. A good control group . a) contains at least one confound b) has a limited number of dependent variables c) has a limited number of research participants d) holds constant all variables in the experiment 9. In an experiment, a researcher manipulates one variable to see how it affects a second variable. The manipulated variable is called the . a) dependent variable c) independent variable b) experimental variable d) placebo 10. “There is no life outside this solar system and nothing you can say will change that fact!” Which criterion of critical thinking does this person lack? a) Evidence is only necessary if it can be tested. b) All evidence is not equal in quality. c) Authority or expertise does not make the claims of the authority or expert true. d) Critical thinking requires an open mind. Chapter 1 – Quick Quiz 2 Answer Key 1. a Explanation: Asking “what” means asking for a description. (Topic: 1.6 The Scientific Approach, Skill Level: Understand the Concepts, Difficulty Level; Moderate, Learning Objective: 1.6 Recall the five steps of the scientific approach, APA Learning Objecti ve: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.) 2. c Explanation: Skinner believed that behavior that is followed by good consequences is reinforced. (Topic: 1.3 Modern Perspectives, Skill Level: Remember the Facts, Difficulty Level: Easy, Learning Objective: 1.3 Summarize the basic ideas behind the seven modern perspectives in psychology, APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.) 3. d Explanation: Survival advantage is a basic premise of evolutionary psychology. (Topic: 1.3 Modern Perspectives, Skill Level: Analyze It, Difficulty Level: Moderate, Learning Objective: 1.3 Summarize the basic ideas behind the seven modern perspectives in psychology, APA Learning Objectives: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains; 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.) 4. c Explanation: This statement is an educat ed guess about the effects of violent cartoons. (Topic: 1.6 The Scientific Approach, Skill Level: Apply What You Know, Difficulty Level: Moderate, Learning Objective: 1.6 Recall the five steps of the scientific approach, APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.) 5. d Explanation: Naturalistic observation involves watching behaviors without intervening. (Topic: 1.7 Descriptive Methods, Skill Level: Remember the Facts, Difficulty Level: Easy, Learning Objective: 1.7 Compare and contrast some of the methods used to describe behavior, APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.) 6 d Explanation: A correlation measures how strongly two variables are related. (Topic: 1.8 Correlations: Finding Relationships, Skill Level: Remember the Facts, Difficulty Level: Easy, Learning Objective: 1.8 Explain how researchers use the correlational tech nique to study relationships between two or more variables, APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.) 7. b Explanation: Operationalization defines terms in ways that render them measurable. (Topic: 1.9 The E xperiment, Skill Level: Apply What You Know, Difficulty Level: Moderate, Learning Objective: 1.9 Identify the steps involved in designing an experiment, APA Learning Objectives: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology; 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.) 8. d Explanation: A control group is used as a baseline of comparison, so all variables should be held as constant as possible to avoid any confounds. (Topic: 1.9 The Experiment, Skill Level: Understand the Concepts, Difficulty Level: Moderate, Learning Objecti ve: 1.9 Identify the steps involved in designing an experiment, APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.) 9. c Explanation: The name for the variable that is manipulated in any experiment is the independent variable. (Topic: 1.9 The Experiment, Skill Level: Understand the Concepts, Difficulty Level: Easy, Learning Objective: 1.9 Identify the steps involved in designing an experiment, APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.) 10. d Explanation: The statement implies narrowness of thinking and, thus, the lack of an open mind. (Topic: 1.5 Thinking Critically About Critical Thinking, Skill Level: Apply What You Know, Difficulty: Moderate, Learning Objective: 1.5 Recall the basic criteria for critical thinking that people can use in their everyday lives, APA Learning Objectives: 1 .2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains; 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.) 1 The Science of Psychology MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of these is the most accurate definition of the discipline of psychology? a) the scientific study of behavior b) the scientific study of mental processes c) the scientific study of behavior and mental processes Correct. d) the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes Incorrect. The definition of psychology also includes animal behavior and mental processes. Answer: c Learning Objective: None Topic: 1.1–1.2 The History of Psychology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts % correct 66 a= 2 b=1 c= 66 d= 32 r = .37 APA Learning Objectives: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology; 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 2. In the definition of psychology, the term mental processes refers to . a) internal, covert activities Correct. b) outward behavior c) overt actions and reactions Incorrect. Overt means outward, not internal. d) only animal behavior Answer: a Learning Objective: None Topic: 1.1–1.2 The History of Psychology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts % correct 85 a= 85 b= 1 c= 13 d= 1 r = .39 APA Learning Objectives: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology; 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 3. You are at a basketball game and the arena is packed; the crowd is evenly split between fans of the two teams. At one point, the referee makes a call. Half of the fans yell insults; the other half shout their approval. The event reminds you of the topic of today’s lecture in psychology class. What was the likely topic of the lecture? a) bias Correct. b) experiments Incorrect. The fans are not part of any treatment groups. c) psychoanalysis d) extraneous variables Answer: a Learning Objective: None Topic: 1.1–1.2 The History of Psychology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objectives: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains; 1.3 Describe applications of psychology. 4. Hunter is a fan of the Boston Celtics basketball team. With little provocation, he will engage his friends in a debate about whether it is the greatest team in basketball. Hunter may be demonstrating . a) bias Correct. b) critical thinking Incorrect. Critical thinking requires an open mind. c) an eclectic approach d) unconscious behavior Answer: a Learning Objective: None Topic: 1.1–1.2 The History of Psychology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objectives: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains; 1.3 Describe applications of psychology. 5. The general curiosity about why people think, feel, and behave the way they do . a) primarily happened after World War II b) is about a century old c) is several centuries old Incorrect. These curiosities are probably much older than centuries, and have always been with us. d) has always probably been with us Correct. Answer: d Learning Objective: None Topic: 1.1–1.2 The History of Psychology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 6. In 1879, in Leipzig, Germany, the first psychological laboratory was overseen by . a) William James b) William Tell c) Wilhelm Wundt Correct. d) Sigmund Freud Incorrect. Freud’s theory came later, and he had no lab. Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the contributions of some of the early pioneers in psychology. Topic: 1.1 In the Beginning: Wundt, Titchener, and James Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts % correct 88 a= 7 b= 1 c= 88 d= 4 r = .23 % correct 100 a= 0 b= 0 c= 100 d= 0 r = .00 APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 7. Early in psychology’s history, research participants might have been asked to view a chair and describe its color, shape, and texture and other aspects of their conscious experience. These individuals would have been using a method called . a) hypnosis b) objective introspection Correct. c) psychosurgery d) psychoanalysis Incorrect. Psychoanalysis was not concerned with these issues. Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the contributions of some of the early pioneers in psychology. Topic: 1.1 In the Beginning: Wundt, Titchener, and James Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 8. Objective introspection required . a) metaphysical experiences b) self-skepticism about experiences c) empiricism Incorrect. Empiricism refers to using collected data to support a hypothesis. It is not related to the concept of introspection d) reflection on the self Correct. Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the contributions of some of the early pioneers in psychology. Topic: 1.1 In the Beginning: Wundt, Titchener, and James Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 9. At the close of the nineteenth century, Gerhard is excited to learn that he has been accepted for training in the psychology laboratory of Wilhelm Wundt. It is likely that Gerhard will be trained to . a) analyze how to break down his sensations into their most basic elements Correct. b) determine the function or purpose of a particular human behavior c) listen intently while individuals tell him of their depression or nervousness Incorrect. Wundt was not a therapist. d) carefully feel the bumps on a person’s head in order to determine his or her character traits Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the contributions of some of the early pioneers in psychology. Topic: 1.1 In the Beginning: Wundt, Titchener, and James Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 10. The school of psychology known as structuralism used a technique called , which involved reporting the contents of consciousness to study a person ’s experiences. a) intervention Incorrect. Intervention has a totally different meaning than introspection, even though it looks similar. b) objective introspection Correct. This requires self-examination of the structure of the mind. c) insight inventory d) induction Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the contributions of some of the early pioneers in psychology. Topic: 1.1 In the Beginning: Wundt, Titchener, and James Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts % correct 96 a= 0 b= 96 c= 4 d= 0 r = .24 % correct 92 a= 1 b= 92 c= 3 d= 4 r = .29 APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 11. Which of the following is the BEST analogy for Wundt’s and Titchener’s mission for psychology? a) a chart listing the basic chemical elements Correct. They wanted to break down the mind into basic elements. b) a list of the courses required for graduation c) a list of the types of clothing sold at a retail outlet d) a computer program for word processing a term paper Incorrect. A computer program does not have basic elements. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the contributions of some of the early pioneers in psychology. Topic: 1.1 In the Beginning: Wundt, Titchener, and James Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 12. The structuralists were important in the history of psychology because they . a) examined consciousness and the structure of mental processes Correct. The structuralists were interested in understanding the basic structure of human consciousness. b) were the first to use brain -scanning techniques to learn about the structure of the brain c) realized the limits of introspection and focused on the function of behaviors d) were strongly influenced by Charles Darwin Incorrect. This would be a statement applicable to the functionalists, not the structuralists. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the contributions of some of the early pioneers in psychology. Topic: 1.1 In the Beginning: Wundt, Titchener, and James Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 13. Why was the perspective followed by Wilhelm Wundt and his followers called structuralism? a) They wanted to identify the major brain structures. b) Their primary goal was to understand the physiology of the mind. Incorrect. It was the structure of thought, not physiology. c) They focused their efforts on analyzing the elements of the nervous system. d) Their primary focus was on describing the structure of conscious experience. Correct. Structure was key in the definition. Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the contributions of some of the early pioneers in psychology. Topic: 1.1 In the Beginning: Wundt, Titchener, and James Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Understand the Concepts % correct 48 a= 30 b= 19 c= 4 d= 48 r = .18 % correct 59 a= 13 b= 24 c= 3 d= 59 r = .37 APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 14. was an early proponent of functionalism. a) Ivan Pavlov b) William James Correct. James was a functionalist. c) Wilhelm Wundt Incorrect. Wundt was a structuralist. d) Max Wertheimer Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the contributions of some of the early pioneers in psychology. Topic: 1.1 In the Beginning: Wundt, Titchener, and James Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts % correct 100 a= 0 b= 100 c= 0 d= 0 r = .00 APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 15. How our minds help us adapt to the world around us was a primary question addressed by which early movement of psychology? a) behaviorism b) cognitivism c) functionalism Correct. The functionalists were interested in determining the purpose of human consciousness, or how it helped us with our everyday lives. d) structuralism Incorrect. The structuralists were interested in determining the structure, or basic makeup, of human consciousness. Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the contributions of some of the early pioneers in psychology. Topic: 1.1 In the Beginning: Wundt, Titchener, and James Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 16. If an individual believed that why people think and feel as they do is more important than what they think and how they think, that individual would be a proponent of the approach to psychology. a) structuralist Incorrect. The structuralists were interested in determining the structure, or basic makeup, of human consciousness. b) functionalist Correct. The functionalists were interested in determining the purpose of human consciousness, or how it helped us with our everyday lives. c) psychodynamic d) behaviorist Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the contributions of some of the early pioneers in psychology. Topic: 1.1 In the Beginning: Wundt, Titchener, and James Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 17. If a functionalist from the 1870s were alive today, where would we most likely find him? a) in a laboratory, studying principles of perception b) in a school, working to improve teaching methods Correct. Functionalists applied research to actual problems. c) in a mountain retreat, contemplating the meaning of life d) in a sleep laboratory, trying to determine if our need for sleep is biologically based Incorrect. This would be considered pure research. Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the contributions of some of the early pioneers in psychology. Topic: 1.1 In the Beginning: Wundt, Titchener, and James Difficulty Level: Moder ate Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 18. Which psychologist was the first African American to receive a Ph.D. in educational psychology in 1925? a) Charles Henry Thompson Correct. Charles Henry Thompson earned his Ph.D. in educational psychology in 1925 at the University of Chicago, the first African American to receive this degree in the United States. b) Linus Pauling Incorrect. The correct individual was Thompson, not Pauling. c) Albert Sidney Beckham d) Inez Beverly Prosser Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the contributions of some of the early pioneers in psychology. Topic: 1.1 In the Beginning: Wundt, Titchener, and James Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 19. While Margaret F. Washburn was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology in the United States (in 1894), the first African American woman to do so was in 1934 at the University of Minnesota. a) Inez Beverly Prosser b) Ruth Howard Correct. Howard was the first woman of color to receive the doctorate in psychology in the United States. c) Margaret Mahler d) Anna Freud Incorrect. Anna Freud did not do her studies in the United States. The correct answer is Ruth Howard. Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the contributions of some of the early pioneers in psychology. Topic: 1.1 In the Beginning: Wundt, Titchener, and James Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 20. Which noted African American psychologist held a post as president of Shaw University in North Carolina and then president of Virginia State College? a) Charles Henry Thompson b) Howard Hale Long Incorrect. The correct psychologist referred to in this question is Robert Prentiss Daniel. c) Robert Prentiss Daniel Correct. This is the individual referred to in the question. d) Albert Sidney Beckham Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe the contributions of some of the early pioneers in psychology. Topic: 1.1 In the Beginning: Wundt, Titchener, and James Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains. 21. Which type of early psychologist believed that “the whole is more than the sum of its parts”? a) Gestaltist Correct. The Gestaltists studied the perception of wholes. b) behaviorist c) structuralist Incorrect. Structuralists focused on the elements of consciousness. d) functionalist Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.2 Summarize the basic ideas and the important people behind the early approaches known as Gestalt, psychoanalysis, and behaviorism. Topic: 1.2 Three Influential Approaches: Gestalt, Psychoanalysis, and Behaviorism Difficulty Level: Moderate