(Test Bank) Human Biology

Mader,Windelspecht, 14

Biology

Test Bank

14th Edition

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Description

Test Bank for Human Biology, The downloadable file consists of 967 pages, and the total size of the file is 6.8 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Mader, Windelspecht

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Study Note Preview

Version 1 1 CHAPTER 1 1) All of the following are examples of maintaining homeostasis except: A) By opening and closing pores in their leaves, plants continuously exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the atmosphere. B) A sensor detects CO 2 levels in the blood and triggers an increase or decrease in the rate of breathing. C) Feelings o f hunger and then fullness affect the length of time between meals and quantity of food you eat, keeping your weight near a "set point." D) A drop in body temperature triggers shivering which generates heat; an increase in body temperature triggers swea ting which releases heat. E) A cancerous tumor continues to grow larger and then metastasizes, spreading to new areas of the body. 2) Biodiversity in a particular ecosystem A) includes the variability of the individual genes. B) All of the choices are correct. C) is the total number of species in that ecosystem. D) impacts the function of the ecosystem in which the species live. 3) Organisms belonging to the same _____ would be the most closely related. A) phylum B) family C) kingdom D) class E) order Version 1 2 4) Tropical rain forests have many species that are found in great abundance. A study in the Brazilian rain forest found 487 tree species growing on a single hectare (2. 5 acres). In the U.S. and Canada together, there are only 700 species of trees on millions of acres. In one park in a Peruvian rain forest, scientists have identified over 1,300 species of butterflies, while in all of Europe there are approximately 320 but terfly species. These findings suggest that A) rain forests are biologically more diverse than other ecosystems. B) the number of tree species and butterfly species are about the same throughout the ecosystems of the world. C) as many as 4 00 species a day are lost due to human activity. D) rain forests are biologically less diverse than other ecosystems on Earth. E) rain forests do not have any type of value to humans. 5) Some members of Daphnia, a water flea, have a genetic mutation that causes them to prefer warmer environments. These members reproduce and pass these genetic changes to their offspring. The next generation will occupy warmer environments not previously occ upied by this species. This is an example of A) All of the choices are correct. B) irritability. C) homeostasis. D) adaptation. 6) Which of the following terms best describes a conceptual scheme in science that is strongl y supported, has not yet been found incorrect, and is based on the results of many observations? A) experimental results B) a scientific model C) a scientific theory or principle D) descriptive research E) an experiment Version 1 3 7) The expected outcome of an experiment is known as A) a prediction. B) experimental results. C) an experiment. D) a scientific theory or principle. E) a scientific model. 8) Single -celled prokaryotes A) lack a membrane -bounded nucleus. B) are classified in the domains Bacteria and Archaea. C) are found in almost all habitats. D) All of the choices are correct. 9) What type of information does science provide for society? A) information about the natural world B) information about religious beliefs C) information about the supernatural world D) information about religious beliefs and the natural world 10) A doctor is testing the effectiveness of a new antibiotic. He gives the first group of patients a placebo, a second group receives antibiotic A, while the third group receives antibiotic B. Which of the groups is considered the control group?Version 1 4 A) the group that received antibiotic B B) both groups receiving antibiotic A and B C) the group that received the placebo D) the group that received antibiotic A 11) The selective agents for natural selection can be either abiotic or biotic. ⊚ true ⊚ false 12) Living and nonliving entities share some characteristics. Which statements are TRUE and which are FALSE about the living and nonliving components of an ecosystem? 12.1) All living things and nonliving materials are made of cells. ⊚ true ⊚ false 12.2) All living things and nonliving materials exhibit homeostatic controls. ⊚ true ⊚ false 12.3) All matter, whether alive or not, is comprised of atoms. ⊚ true ⊚ false Version 1 5 12.4) Both living and nonliving entities adapt to the environment. ⊚ true ⊚ false 13) Dr. James isolated Staphylococcus aureus, a type of bacteria , from the leg wound of a ten-year-old boy. He suspected these bacteria would grow bette r at body temperature than room temperature (72 °F), but thought that he should collect data to support his thinking. Dr. James introduced the same number of Staphylococcus bacteria into each of six test tubes containing the same type and amount of nutrient broth. Three test tubes were incubated at 98.6 °F (Group 1), while three test tubes (Group 2) sat at 72 °F. After 24 hours, Dr. James compared the turbidity (indicative of growth) of all six tubes and rated each on a scale of 0 - 4. 0 indicates no turbidity (no growth), while 4 indicates high turbidity (high growth). The following data were collected: 13.1) After reading the scenario, write the hypothesis that was being tested in Dr. James's experiment. Version 1 6 13.2) Would you consider this to be a controlled experiment? 13.3) Evaluate the data presented here to reach a conclusion. Would you reject or accept the null hypothesis? 13.4) The dependent (responding) variable in this expe riment is A) the time that the test tubes were allowed to sit. B) the temperature. C) amount of initial inoculum, or number of bacteria introduced into each test tube. D) growth of bacteria, as indicated by the turbidity in the test tub es. 13.5) The independent (experimental) variable is A) amount of initial inoculum. B) incubation period. C) temperature. D) growth of bacteria. Version 1 7 13.6) To ensure a controlled experiment, all of the following conditions (variables) should be identical in Group 1 and Group 2: A) type of bacteria, incubation period, amount of bacteria used B) temperature and amount of initial inoculum (bacteria used) C) type of bacteria, temperature, an d incubation period D) degree of turbidity, incubation period, and amount of bacteria 13.7) Choose which of the the following statements is ahypothesis for an experiment. A) Based on observation, it is predicted that S. aureus will grow better at body temperature than at room temperature. B) Based on the data collected during the experiment, it is confirmed that S. aureus grew better at room temperature. C) S. aureus grew equally well at room temperature and atbody tem perature. D) Based on the datacollected during an experiment, S. aureus growsbetter at body temperature than room temperature. 13.8) Dr. James performed another experiment. Instead of inoculating the test tubes with Staphylococcus, he u sed the bacterium, Streptococcus. He found that Streptococcus grew better at body temperature than at room temperature. This is a replicate of the first experiment. A) False B) True 13.9) Dr. James considers the bacteria grown at body temperature to be the control group and room temperature the experimental group. Do you agree with this reasoning?Version 1 8 14) The manner in which a scientist intends to conduct an experiment is called A) data collection an d analysis. B) the experimental design. C) the conclusion. D) inductive reasoning. 15) Some biologists study the complex interactions of animals and plants in forests or prairies. Such ecology field research often produces slightly different results for different researchers. In contrast, ecology experiments that are run indoors with one organism in a terrarium usually produce results that are repeatable. What is the most likely explanation? A) The scientific method is onl y useful in laboratory settings. B) It is not possible to establish a control group outside of a laboratory. C) Field research is only descriptive, and descriptive research is not strictly "science." D) Fieldwork is inductive; lab work is deducti ve. E) It is easier to hold all but one variable constant in a laboratory. 16) Which of the following organisms are ultimately dependent on the sun as a source of energy? A) All of the choices are NOT ultimately dependent on the sun. B) An underground earthworm that avoids the sun. C) A night -blooming flower that is pollinated by night -flying bats. D) All of the choices ARE ultimately dependent on the sun. E) A cave fish that feeds on plant debris. Version 1 9 17) Due to human activities, more carbon dioxide is being released into the atmosphere than is being removed. What happens to this extra carbon dioxide? Select all that apply. A) Some of the carbon dioxide stays in the atmosphere which causes surfac e temperature to rise. B) Approximately half of the extraneous carbon dioxide is being expelled into deep space. C) Trees and other plants have increased their rates of photosynthesis and are effectively removing most of the extraneous carbon dioxid e. D) Much of the extraneous carbon dioxide is dissolved into the oceans where it is causing acidification. 18) Living organisms are characterized by A) displaying homeostatic controls. B) evolving over time. C) All of the choices pertain to living organisms. D) adapting to the environment. 19) A cell is to a tissue as an atom is to a A) electron. B) subatomic particle. C) population. D) molecule. 20) Which definition best describes a population?Version 1 10 A) the members of aspecies in a given area B) the interactionbetween various groups of organisms in a given environment C) the region of Earththat contains living organisms D) all of the fem ales of a given speciesin a particular area E) the interactionbetween the organisms and their environment 21) A researcher is interested in determining the average length and weight of loblolly pine tree needles in the southeast United St ates. Will the data be obtained through observation or experimentation? A) experimentation B) Both observation and experimentation. C) Neither observation nor experimentation. D) observation 22) A university biology depar tment wishes to hire a scientist to work on the relationships among the wolves, moose, trees, and physical features on an island. If you were charged with writing the job description, you should title the position A) ecosystem ecologist. B) i slandzoologist. C) molecular biologist. D) organismal physiologist. E) population geneticist. 23) You are interested in the effect of increased carbon dioxide versus normal air on the growth of corn plants as well as the effect of g reen light versus full sunlight on the growth of corn plants. Your plan is to set up your experiment inside a greenhouse where you can control the environment. Which of the following is an aspect of the experiment that should be considered and controlled?Version 1 11 A) All seedlings come from one uniform strain. B) All temperatures and available water remain the same for all plants. C) The intensity or brightness of the green light equals the intensity of the full sunlight. D) All of the choices ar e important considerations. E) An increase in carbon dioxide should not result in a substantial decrease of other necessary gases. 24) The control group in an experiment receives all the same treatments as the experimental group(s), excep t for the one variable being tested. ⊚ true ⊚ false 25) Which of the following domains contains prokaryotes that are known for living in extreme environments? A) Plantae B) Eukarya C) Archaea D) Bacteria E) Fung i 26) Which of the following features are present at the ecosystem level? A) chemical cyclingthrough the food chain B) energy flow thatbegins at the producer level C) input of solarenergy D) complexinteractions between a variety of populations E) All are features of an ecosystem. Version 1 12 27) In the scientific method, what precedes the formation of the hypothesis? A) a prediction B) analysis of results C) experimentation D) observation 28) An earlier classification system grouped organisms by whether they inhabited the air, land, or sea. More modern classification systems such as the three -domain system are divided into class -order -family -genus -species as described in this chapter. What adva ntages does the more modern classification system have over the older system? A) All of the choices are correct. B) The modern classification system reflects the evolutionary relationships between organisms. C) The more modern classificati on system groups organisms based on similarities related to their structure and evolution. D) The modern classification system better represents the unity of life. E) The modern classification system allows for the precise organization of a multitude of species. 29) For five years, you wake up before the alarm is set to ring each morning. This leads you to conclude that all people have a built -in "alarm clock" capable of waking them up. From a science viewpoint, this conclusionVersion 1 13 A) is science because it is pr edictive of what will happen tomorrow morning. B) may not be valid because it generalizes about all people, and there may have been other variables that could awaken you without a built -in clock. C) is science because it is based on real observation s. D) is scientifically valid because 5 years ×365 days is a large number of trials. E) cannot be scientifically tested because it involves human behavior. 30) Which listing correctly indicates a sequence of increasing biological organ ization? A) atom, molecule, organelle, cell B) molecule, cell, organelle, atom C) organ, tissue, atom, molecule D) organelle, tissue, cell, molecule 31) What is the best description of technology? A) Technology is the use of power to make human life easier. B) Technology is the advancement of the functionality of computers. C) Technology is the development of new tools. D) Technology is the application of scientific knowledge to the interests of humans. 32) Which of the following concepts is NOT one of the basic theories of biology? A) All living thingshave a common ancestor and are adapted to a particular way of life. B) The internal environment of an organism stays relative ly constant. C) Life may arise through spontaneous generation. D) New cells only come from preexisting cells. E) All organisms are composed of cells. Version 1 14 33) Living organisms on Earth share many common characteristics. Which statements are TRUE and which are FALSE about nearly all living things? 33.1) All living organisms are made up of cells. ⊚ true ⊚ false 33.2) Living things must have an outside source of nutrients and energy. ⊚ true ⊚ false 33.3) In multicellular organisms, tissues are comprised of many different types of cells. ⊚ true ⊚ false 33.4) Only multicellular organisms need to maintain homeostasis. ⊚ true ⊚ false 33.5) The ultimate source of energy for nearly all forms of life on Earth is water. ⊚ true ⊚ false