(Test Bank) Microbiology Final Test Bank

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Test Bank for Microbiology Final Test Bank, The downloadable file consists of 984 pages, and the total size of the file is 3.34 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

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Microbiology Test Bank CH-01Answer Key 1. Microorganisms are best defined as organisms that A. can only be found growing in laboratories. B. are too small to be seen with the unaided eye. C. are infectious particles. D. lack a cell nucleus. E. cause human disease. 2. Which of the following are not considered microorganisms? A. Fungi B. Protozoa C. Viruses D. Bacteria E.Mosquitoes 3. Helminths are . A. molds B. parasitic worms C. bacteria D. protozoa E. infectious particles 4. Among the types of microorganisms, the are noncellular. A. protozoans B. bacteria C. iruses D. helminths *The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures and genomes. 5. Studies of the immune response to an infection caused by microorganisms would be performed by a(n) . A. hypersensitivity specialist B. immunologist C. geomicrobiologist D. epidemiologist Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. Microbiology Test Bank 6. Which of the following pairs of career descriptions and work tasks is not correctly matched? A. Medical microbiologist -- identify the cause of a bladder infection at a hospital lab B. Industrial microbiologist -- manipulate bacterial strains to be less pathogenic C. Agricultural microbiologist -- identify bacterial causes of crop disease D. Public health microbiologist -- track the incidence of AIDS in a population Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. 7. A scientist who studies the influence of microbes in the formation of caves is called a(n) . A. astrobiologist B. epidemiologist C. geomicrobiologist D. immunologist Microbiology Test Bank Microbes are essential for life as we know it and the processes that support life (e.g., in biogeochemical cycles and plant and/or animal microflora). 8. Astrobiology is considered a sub-discipline of microbiology because A. life elsewhere in the universe is likely to be microbial. B. microbes are known to exist on other planets. C. all extraterrestrials known are microbial. D. only microbes can reproduce under the extreme conditions in outer space. Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems. 9. Which of the following does not indicate microbe involvement in energy and nutrient flow? A. Decomposition of dead matter and wastes B. Digestion of complex carbohydrates in animal diets C. Formation of greenhouse gases, CO 2 and methane D. Thermal hot springs warmed by heat from earth's interior Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems. 10. The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called . A. fermenters B. eukaryotes C.decompose rs D. pathogens E.prokaryotes Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g., nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). Microbes are essential for life as we know it and the processes that support life (e.g., in biogeochemical cycles and plant and/or animal microflora). 11. The majority of oxygen in earth's atmosphere is a product of photosynthesis by . A. rain forests B. microorganisms C. green plants D. agricultural lands 12. The three cell types discussed, eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria, all derived from . A. cells with a true nucleus B. the last universal common ancestor C. photosynthetic bacteria D. archaea 13. The first cells appeared about billion years ago. Microbiology Test Bank A. 5 B. 4.5 C. 3.5 D. 2 E. 1 14. A hypothesis must be tested many times before it can be considered a theory. TRUE Ability to apply the process of science: Demonstrate an ability to formulate hypotheses and design experiments based on the scientific method. 15. Which area of biology states that living things undergo gradual structural and functional changes over long periods of time? Microbiology Test Bank A. Evolution B. Morphology C. Phylogeny D. Genetics E. Transformation The evolutionary relatedness of organisms is best reflected in phylogenetic trees. 16. When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called . A. epidemiology B. taxonomy C. bioremediation D. genetic engineering E. immunology Cell genomes can be manipulated to alter cell function. Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. 17. Which activity is an example of biotechnology? A. Bacteria in the soil secreting an antibiotic to kill competitors B. Public health officials monitoring diseases in a community C. Egyptians using moldy bread on wounds D. A microbiologist using the microscope to view bacteria E. Escherichia coli producing human insulin 18. Which of the following is a traditional human use of microorganisms? A. Baking bread B. Cleaning up oil spills C. Treating water and sewage D. Mass-producing antibiotics 19. Using microbes to detoxify a site contaminated with heavy metals is an example of . A. biotechnolog y B. bioremediation C. decomposition D. epidemiology E. immunology 20. Disease-causing microorganisms are called . A. pathogens Microbiology Test Bank B. decomposers C. fermenters D. bacteria E. eukaryotes 21. The number one worldwide infectious diseases are . A. AIDS-related diseases B. malaria and other protozoan diseases C. respiratory diseases D. measles and other rash diseases E. diarrheal diseases 22. Many chronic medical conditions have been found to be associated with microbial agents. TRUE 23. The incidence of deaths from communicable disease is in the United States compared to the entire world. Microbiology Test Bank A. less B. greater C. about the same 24. In which way are bacteria and eukaryotes the same? A. Contain a nucleus to hold DNA B. Contain ribosomes for protein synthesis C. Contain membrane -bound organelles D. Have a cell wall for rigidity 25. In which way are archaea and eukaryotes the same? A. Have a cell wall for rigidity B. Can use flagella for movement C. Contain mitochondria for energy production D. Contain membrane -bound organelles 26. All bacteria and archaea are microorganisms, but only some eukaryotes are microorganisms. TRUE 27. Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms? A. Cannot be seen without a microscope B. Contain genetic material C. Cause human disease D. Lack a nucleus E. Lack cell structure 28. Organisms called parasites are . A. the decomposers in ecosystems B. always viruses C. always harmful to their host D. free-living 29. Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering? A. Yeasts B. Parasites C. Viruses D. Fungi E. Bacteria 30. Eukaryotic cells are larger than bacterial or archaeal cells; all cells are larger than macromolecules. Where do viruses fit on this scale? A. Viruses are smaller than eukaryotic cells, but larger than bacterial or archaeal cells. B. Viruses are smaller than macromolecules. C. Viruses are larger than eukaryotic cells. Microbiology Test Bank D. Viruses are smaller than bacterial or archaeal cells, but larger than macromolecules. 31. In general, eukaryotic cells are about times larger than bacterial or archaeal cells. A. 2 B. 10 C. 50 D. 1000 Microbiology Test Bank 32. Archaeal cells are about bacterial cells. A. ten times smaller than B. the same size as C. ten times larger than 33. Many chronic infections are caused by microbes that associate in communities termed . A. biofilms B. virions C. microbiota D. sediments 34. Which of the following historical microbiologists is incorrectly paired with his contribution to the science? A. Francesco Redi: tested spontaneous generation with meat exposed to the air or covered with cloth B. Louis Pasteur: demonstrated that anthrax was caused by a bacterium C. Joseph Lister: promoted disinfecting hands and air prior to surgery D. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek: made and used quality magnifying lenses to observe and record microorganisms 35. In the experiments constructed by Pasteur to disprove spontaneous generation, swan-necked flasks were used. Why was this shape of flask used in this experiment? A. The shape of the glass neck allowed the bacteria into the flask and then into the media, but air could not enter. B. The glass necks needed to be open to the air, yet constructed so that bacteria would settle in the lowest part of the neck. C. These flask shapes were the easiest and cheapest to produce. D. Because the glass necks were stretched out, the heat used to sterilize the medium inside of the flask could not kill the bacteria in the neck. 36. Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that A. microbes are found on dust particles. B. a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom. C. microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills. D. a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease. E. life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms. 37. Which of the following is NOT a recent discovery that has had a huge impact on the understanding of microbiology? A. Restriction enzymes B. PCR technique C. Microbiology Test Bank Biofilms D. Small RNAs E. All are significant discoveries. 38. The sum total of all the microbes in a certain environment is termed the . A. microbiome B. microbial niche C. domain D. biofilm E. phylogeny 39. Which of the following is not a process in the scientific method? A. Systematic observation B. Development of a theory Microbiology Test Bank C. Laboratory experimentation D. Formulation of a hypothesis E. Belief in a preconceived idea 40. Experimentation A. is the first step in the scientific method. B. is designed to support an hypothesis. C. provides a means to gather objective data. D. is designed to refute an hypothesis. E. provides a means to gather subjective data. 41. The scientific method includes all of the following except . A. experimentati on B. hypothesis C. publication D. observation 42. The scientific method involves formulating a tentative explanation, called the hypothesis, to account for what has been observed or measured. TRUE 43. Caring for patients infected with a new virus requires safety precautions for medical personnel. Choosing appropriate procedures is an example of a(n) process. A. pathogeni c B. deductive C. hypothetical D. inductive 44. Sterile refers to . A. homogenized B. absence of any life forms and viral particles C. pathogen-free D. pasteurized E. absence of spores lo 45. Taxonomy does not involve . A. classification B. a common name C. nomenclature D. identification 46. Which scientific field is involved in the identification, classification, and naming of organisms? A. Nomenclature Microbiology Test Bank B. Epidemiology C. Taxonomy D. Phylogeny E. Pathology 47. The orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy of taxa is called . A. experimentation B. biotechnology C. classification D. identification E. nomenclature 48. Members of the same species share many more characteristics compared to those shared by members of the same kingdom. TRUE Microbiology Test Bank 49. Which of the following is a taxon that contains all the other taxa listed? A. Family B. Genus C. Kingdom D. Species E. Phylum 50. The smallest and most significant taxon is a . A. kingdom B. phylum C. species D. family E. genus 51. Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy (left to right). A. Class, phylum, order B. Family, genus, species C. Kingdom, domain, phylum D. Family, order, class E. Genus, species, family 52. A recently-developed mnemonic for remembering the taxonomic levels from Domain to Species is "Dumb Kids Prefer Candy Over Fancy Green Salad." The word "candy" here is a reminder of the taxonomic level of . A. chain B. culture C. category D. colony E. class 53. Which of the following is a scientific name? A. Streptobacilli B. Gram-positive streptococcus C. Anthrax D. Streptococcus pyogenes 54. When assigning a scientific name to an organism, A. the species name is placed first. B. the species name can be abbreviated. C. both genus and species names are italicized or underlined. D. both genus and species names are capitalized. E. the species name is capitalized. 55. Which scientific name is written correctly? A. S. aureus B. Staphylococcus aureus C. Staphylococcus Aureus Microbiology Test Bank D. staphylococcus aureus E. Staphylococcus aureus 56. The names of the three proposed domains are: Bacteria, Protista, and Eukarya. FALSE 57. A diagram of the three domains (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya) proceeding from the Last Universal Common Ancestor would show Archaea A. branching off the Domain Bacteria. B. branching off the Domain Eukarya. C. as the original cells from which the others derived. Microbiology Test Bank 58. Analysis of the small subunit rRNAs from all organisms in the three current domains suggests that A. the prokarytoes, archaea, and eukaryotes are not related. B. the eukaryotes arose from prokaryotes. C. the Archaea are more closely related to bacteria than eukaryotes. D. all modern and extinct organisms on earth arose from a common ancestor. 59. The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called . A. genetics B. biotechnology C. phylogeny D. taxonomy E. recombinant DNA 60. A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on A. recombinant DNA. B. nomenclature . C. determining evolutionary relatedness. D. bioremediation. E. determining if that species is the cause of a new disease. 61. Trees of life that illustrate the phylogenetic relationships of all organisms were traditionally based on ; newer methods for determining phylogeny rely on . A. morphology; virology B. nucleic acid sequences; morphology C. morphology; nucleic acid sequences D. nucleic acid sequences; microbiomes E,morphology; nutritional requirements CH-02: