(Test Bank) Campbell Biology In Focus

Urry,Cain,Wasserman,Minorsky,Reece,Jane, 3

Biology

Test Bank

3rd Edition

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Test Bank for Campbell Biology In Focus, The downloadable file consists of 1165 pages, and the total size of the file is 8.06 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Minorsky, Reece, Jane

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1 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd. Campbell Biology in Focus, 3e, (Urry) Chapter 1 Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology 1.1 Multiple -Choice Questions 1) All of the organisms living in a particular ecosystem are collectively known as a(n) A) biological community. B) order. C) family. D) population. Answer : A Topic: 1.1 The study of life reveals unifying themes Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1, V&C 5 2) Many properties of living things involve the transfer and tr ansformation of energy and matter. For example, plant chloroplasts convert energy from sunlight to which of the following forms of energy or matter? A) the energy of motion B) carbon dioxide an d water C) chemical energy D) oxygen E) kinetic energy Answer: C Topic: 1.1 The study of life reveals unifying themes Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1, V&C 4 3) The primary source of energy for producers in an eco system is A) light energy. B) kinetic energy. C) thermal energy . D) chemical e nergy. Answer: A Topic: 1.1 The study of life reveals unifying themes Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1, V&C 4 2 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd. 4) All the living things on Earth along with all the places where life exists are colle ctively describ ed by which of the following terms? A) an ecosystem B) the biosphere C) a biological community D) a population Answer: B Topic: 1.1 The study of life reveals unifying themes Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcom e: 1.1, V&C 5 5) All the living organisms in a particular area along with all the nonliving aspects of the environment with which organ isms interact are collectively described by which of the following terms? A) an ecosystem B) the biosphere C) a biologi cal community D) a population Answer: A Topic: 1.1 The study of life reveals unifying themes Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Unders tanding Learning Outcome: 1.1, V&C 5 6) All the individuals of a particular species living within the bounds of a spe cified area are collectively described by which of the following terms? A) a biological system B) a biosphere C) a biological community D) a population Answer: D Topic: 1.1 The study of life reveals unifying themes Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Und erstanding Learning Outcome: 1.1, V&C 5 7) Which of the following types of cells lack(s) a nucleus? A) animal B) plant C) archaea D) fungi Answer: C Topic: 1.1 The study of life reveals unifying themes Bloom's Taxonomy: 3 -4: Applying/Analyzing Learnin g Outcome: 1.1 , V&C 2 3 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd. 8) Investigating the molecular structure of DNA in order to understand the chemical basis of inheritance is an example of which approach utilized in the study of biology? A) systems biology B) emergent properties C) reductionism D) deductive reas oning Answer: C Topic: 1.1 The study of life reveals unifying themes Bloom's Taxonomy: 3 -4: Applying/Ana lyzing Learning Outcome: 1.1, V&C 1 9) Which of the following correctly describes the forms by which energy flows through an ecosyst em from entry t o exit? A) heat → chemical → heat B) light → heat → chemical C) light → chemical → heat D) chemical → heat → light Answer: C Topic: 1.1 The study of life reveals unifying themes Bloom's Taxonomy: 3 -4: Applying/Analyzing Learning O utcome: 1.1, V &C 4 10) Approximately what proportion of the carbon dioxide (CO 2) released by burning fossil fuels remain s in the atmosphere, contributing to the trapping of heat close to Earth's surface? A) less than 1% B) 5% C) 50% D) 90% Answer: C Topic: 1.1 The st udy of life reveals unifying themes Bloo m's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1, V&C 4, 5 11) Which of the following terms describes membrane -enclosed components of cells that carry out specialized functions? A) tissues B) org ans C) organelles D) cells Answer: C Topic: 1.1 The study of life reveals unifying themes Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1, V&C 2 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd. 12) Which of the following represents the correct hierarchy of biol ogical organiza tion from large scale to smaller scale? A) ecosystems → biosphere → communities → populations → organisms B) communities → populations → organisms → ecosystems → biosphere C) biosphere → communities → populations → ecosystems → organisms D) biosphere → ecosystems → communities → populations → organisms E) biosphere → ecosystems → populations → communities → organisms Answer: D Topic: 1.1 The study of life reveals unifying themes Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1, V&C 5 13) Living things are divided i nto three different domains. Which of these domains are classified as prokaryotes? A) Bacteria and Eukarya B) Archaea and Eukarya C) Bacteria and Fungi D) Bacteria and Archaea Answer: D Topic: 1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and dive rsity of life Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.2, V&C 2 14) A single -celled organism isolated from a deep -sea, hot thermal vent was found to have a cell wall but lacked a nucleus. This o rganism is most likely a member of which of the following domains? A) Eukarya B) Archaea C) Animalia D) Plantae E) Fungi Answer: B Topic: 1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life Bloom's Taxonomy: 3 -4: Applying/Analyzin g Learning Outcome: 1.2, V&C 2 15) Strong evidence in support of the common ancestry of all life comes from which of the following observations about living things? A) the fact that decomposers include both bacteria and fungi B) the ability of plants to convert light energy to chemica l energy C) the existence of a nearly universal genetic code D) the universal use of protein catalysts by all cells Answer: C Topic: 1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life Bloom's Taxonom y: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.2, V&C 1, 2 5 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd. Global L.O.: G2 16) Charles Darwin proposed that "descent with modification" resulted when organisms of a particular species become adapted to their environment because they possess which of the following characteristics? A) nonheritable traits that enhance survival and d ecrease their reproductive success in the local environment B) nonheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment C) heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environme nt D) heritable traits that enhance their survival and decrease their reproductive success in the local environment Answer: C Topic: 1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of lif e Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understand ing Learning Outcome: 1.2, V&C 1 17) Which of the following statements describes an individual that is likely to be the most successful in an evolutionary sense? A) a reproductively sterile individual who n ever falls ill B) an organism that dies after fi ve days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce C) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring D) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of wh om survive to reproduce E) a female who mates wi th 20 males and produces two offspring who live to reproduce Answer: B Topic: 1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life Bloom's Taxonomy: 3 -4: Applying/Analyzing Learning O utcome: 1.2, V&C 1 Global L.O.: G2 18) Over t ime, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four -limbed land animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explained by which of the following con cepts or processes? A) an emergent property B) reductionism C) the hierarchy of the biological organization of life D) natural selection Answer: D Topic: 1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life Bloom's Taxonomy: 3 -4: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.2, V&C 1, 2 6 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd. 19) Which of the following statements describes Charles Darwin's most significant original contribution to understanding both the unity and the diversity of life? A) He documented examples of organisms t hat had evolved over time. B) He proposed a mechanism to explain the process of evolution. C) He explained the relationship between genes and evolution. D) He observed that individuals in a population generally displayed variation f or a number of traits. E) He suggested that survival depends upon competition. Answer: B Topic: 1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.2, V&C 1 20) Which of the following statements is a distinguishing characteristic of fungi? A) obtaining nutrients by absorbing them from the environment B) obtaining nutrients by ingesting other organisms C) converting light energy to chemical energy in the form of sugars D) living in extr eme environments like boiling hot springs Answer: A Topic: 1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.2, V&C 2 21) The variati on observed among the fi nches Darwin collected from the Galápagos Islands illustrate which of the following principles associated with the evolution of species? A) mutation frequency B) production o f more offspring than can survive C) descent with modification D) the accuracy of the fossil record Answer: C Topic: 1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Out come: 1.2, V&C 1 7 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd. 22) Imagine there is a species -specific fishing regulation tha t mandates that only adult fish of this species that are 75 cm or longer may be kept; shorter fish must be released. Based on your knowledge of natural selection, how would yo u predict that the average length of the adult fish population might be affected? A) Length would remain unchanged. B) Length would gradually decrease. C) Length would rapidly decrease. D) Length would gradually increase. E) Length would rapidly increase. Answer: B Topic: 1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diver sity of life Bloom's Taxonomy: 3 -4: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.2, V&C 1 Global L.O.: G2 23) In her studies of chimpanzee behavior, Jane Goodall collected both qualitative and quantitative data. Which of the following is an example of quanti tative data? A) Chimpanzees typically travel together in small groups. B) Pairs of animals take turns grooming each other. C) Young chimpanzees play games in the trees and on the ground. D) Mothers and their infants typically nap for two to three hours eac h afternoon. Answer: D Topic: 1.3 In studying nature, scientists form and test hypotheses Bloom's Taxonomy: 3 -4: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.3, V&C 1 Global L.O.: G1 24) The process of science involves testing which of the following? A) a data set B) a hypothesis C) an observation D) a conclusion E) a control group Answer: B Topic: 1.3 In studying nature, scientists form and test hypotheses Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.3, V&C 1 Global L.O.: G1 8 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd. 25) Which of the following statements describes a controlled experiment? A) an experiment that is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurate B) an ex periment that proceeds at a slow pace to guarantee that the scientist can carefully observ e all reactions and process all experimental data C) an experiment with at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment D) an experiment with at least two groups, one differing from the other by two or more variables Answer: C Topic: 1.3 In studying nature, scientists form and test hypotheses Bloom's Taxonomy: 3 -4: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.3, V&C 1 Global L.O.: G1 26) W hich of the following is a requirement for a good scientific hypothesis? A) It must genera te quantitative data. B) It must explain a large body of specific observations. C) It must lead to testable predictions. D) It must be able to be proven true. Answer: C Topic: 1.3 In studying nature, scientists form and test hypotheses Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.3, V&C 1 Global L.O.: G1 27) Which of the following is the best de scription of a control for an experiment? A) The control group is kept in an unchanging environment. B) The control group is left alone by the experimenters. C) The control group is matched with the experimental group except for the one experimental variab le. D) The control group is exposed to only one variable rather than several. Answer: C Topic: 1.3 In studying nature, scientists for m and test hypotheses Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.3, V&C 1 Global L.O.: G1 9 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd. 28) Which of the following is an example of inductive reasoning? A) If a banana is not ripe, then an ape will not eat it. B) Numerous d ifferent species live in sunny parts of an ecosystem; therefore, they are all photosynthetic. C) Hundreds of cultures of a unicellular alga are incubated in the presence of light, and in all of the samples the cells congregate on the side of the culture to ward the light. Therefore, the alga is phototactic (attracted to light). D) If two species are members of the same genus, then they are more similar to each other than they are to members of a different genus. Answer: C Topic: 1.3 In studying nature, sci entists form and test hypotheses Bloom's Taxonomy: 3 -4: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.3, V&C 1 Global L.O.: G1 , G2 29) Why is it important that scientific discoveries and ideas be discussed by people with various points of view, from a variety of subdisciplines, and with diverse cultural backgrounds? A) They can correct each other's approach to make it truly scientific. B) Robust and critical discussion between diverse groups improves scientific thinking. C) Scientists need to exchang e their id eas with other disciplines and cultures so that all groups are in agreement regarding the course of future research. D) This is another way of ensuring that everyone gets the same results. Answer: B Topic: 1.3 In studying nature, scientists for m and test hypotheses Bloom's Taxonomy: 5 -6: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 1.3, V&C 1 Global L.O.: G1, G2 30) Why is it important that an experiment include a control group? A) A control group provides a reference by which to determine if a par ticular ou tcome may reasonably result from the variable being tested. B) The control group provides a reserve of experimental subjects. C) A control group is required for the development of an "If . . . then" statement. D) A control group assures that an e xperiment will be repeatable. Answer: A Topic: 1.3 In studying nature, scientists form and test hypotheses Bloom's Taxonomy: 3 -4: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.3, V&C 1 Global L.O.: G1, G2 10 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd. 31) Which of the following descriptions constitutes a control led experiment? A) using a microscope to observe organisms present in a sample of pond water and recording the number of each type of organism observed B) setting up a bird feeder and compiling a list of all of the bird species seen at the feeder over a period of several weeks C) growing one set of 10 seedlings under white light and one set of the same type of seedlings under red light and measuring their growth over a period of two weeks D) growing one set of 10 seedlings under white light at 30°C and one set of a different type of seedlings under red light at 25°C and measuring their growth over a period of two weeks Answer: C Topic: 1.3 In studying nature, scientists form and test hypotheses Bloom 's Taxonomy: 3 -4: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.3, V&C 1 Global L.O.: G1, G2 1.2 End -of-Chapter Questions 1) All the organisms on your campus make up A) an ecosystem. B) a community. C) a population. D) a taxonomic domain. Answer: B Topic: End-of-Chapter Questions Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Rememb ering/Understanding 2) Which of the following best demonstrates the unity among all organisms? A) emergent properties B) descent with modification C) DNA structure and function D) natural selection Answer: C Topic: End -of-Chapter Questions Bloom's Taxon omy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding 3) A controlled experiment is one that A) proceeds slowly enough that a scientist can make careful records of the results. B) tests experimental and control grou ps in parallel. C) is repeated many times to make sure th e results are accurate. D) keeps all variables constant. Answer: B Topic: End -of-Chapter Questions Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding 11 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd. 4) Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science? A) Theories are hypotheses that have been proved. B) Hypotheses are guesses; theories are correct answers. C) Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; th eories have broad explanatory power. D) Theories are proved true; hypotheses are often contra dicted by experimental results. Answer: C Topic: End -of-Chapter Questions Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding 5) Which of the following best descr ibes the logic of scientific inquiry? A) If I generate a testable hypothesis, tests and obser vations will support it. B) If my prediction is correct, it will lead to a testable hypothesis. C) If my observations are accurate, they will support my hypothesis . D) If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results. Answer: D Topic: End -of-Chapter Questions Bloom's Taxonomy: 3 -4: Applying/Analyzing 1 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd. Campbell Biology in Focus, 3e , (Urry) Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life 2.1 Multiple -Choice Questions 1) Which four of the 92 naturally occurring elements make up approximately 96% of the mass of the human body? A) carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitr ogen B) carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hy drogen C) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen D) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen E) carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium Answer: D Topic: 2.1 Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in co mbinations call ed compounds Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.1; V&C 2 2) Trace elements are required by organisms in only minute quantities (less than 0.01% of mass). Which of the following is a trace element that is required by hum ans and other vertebrates? A) nitrogen B) calcium C) iodine D) potassium E) phosphorus Answer: C Topic: 2.1 Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in com binations called compounds Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understa nding Learning Outcome: 2.1; V&C 2 3) Trace elements are required by organisms in only minute quantities (less than 0.01% of mass). Which of the following is a trace element that is r equired by all organisms? A) iron B) calcium C) iodine D) sodium E) pot assium Answer: A Topic: 2.1 Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.1; V&C 2 2 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd. 4) Which of the following is the key characteristic t hat is ultimate ly responsible for the unique chemical properties of each element? A) Each element has a unique atomic mass. B) Each element has a unique atomic number. C) Each element has a unique number of protons. D) Each element has a unique number of n eutrons. Answer : C Topic: 2.2 An element's properties depend on the structure of its atoms Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembe ring/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2; V&C 2 5) Given only a mass number, one can deduce the number of ________ in each atom of an element. A) protons B) neutrons C) electrons D) protons plus electrons E) protons plus neutrons Answer: E Topic: 2.2 A n element's properties depend on the structure of its atoms Bloom's Taxonomy: 3 -4: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.2; V&C 2 6) Which of t he fo llowing properties is common among elements in the same column of the periodic table? A) They have the s ame number of protons. B) They have the same number of neutrons. C) They have the same number of electrons. D) They have the same nu mber of electro ns in their valence shell. E) They have the same number of electron shells. Answer: D Topic: 2.2 An element 's properties depend on the structure of its atoms Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2; V&C 2 7) Wh ich of the following properties is shared by elements in the same row of the periodic table? A) They have the same number of protons. B) They have the same number of neutrons. C) They have the same number of electrons. D) They have the same number of elect rons in th eir valence shell. E) They have the same number of electron shells. Answer: E Topic: 2.2 An element's properties depend on the structure of its atoms Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2; V&C 2 3 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd. 8) The nucleu s of a ni troge n atom contains 8 neutrons and 7 protons. Which of the following is a correct statement concerning nitrogen? A) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 14 and an atomic number of 7. B) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 15 and an ato mic nu mber of 7 . C) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 15 and an atomic number of 8. D) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 15 and an atomic number of 15. Answer: B Topic: 2.2 An element's properties depend on the structure of its atoms Bloom's Ta xonomy : 1-2: Rememb ering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2; V&C 2 9) The left -to-right position of an element in the first three rows of the periodic table indicates which of the following properties of the element? A) the total number of electrons in the e lement B) the total number of protons in the element C) the total number of neutrons in the element D) the number of electron orbitals in the element E) the number of electrons in the valence shell Answer: E Topic: 2.2 An element's properties depen d on the struct ure o f its atoms Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2; V&C 2 10) The chemical behavior of an atom depends primarily upon which of the following? A) the number of n eutrons in the nucleus B) the number of p rotons in the n ucleu s C) the number of electrons in the valence shell D) the total number of electrons contained by the atom E) the number of electron shells contained by the atom Answer: C Topic: 2.2 An element's properties depend on the structure of it s atoms Bloom's Taxo nomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2; V&C 2 11) Molybdenum has an atomic number of 42. Several common isotopes exist, with mass numbers of 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, and 100 . Therefore, which of the following is tr ue? A) The isot opes of molybdenum can have between 50 and 58 neutrons. B) The isotopes of molybdenum have different numbers of valence electrons. C) The isotopes of molybdenum can have between 50 and 58 protons. D) The isotopes of molybdenum can have betwe en 92 and 100 e lectrons. Answer: A Topic: 2.2 An element's properties depend on the structure of its atoms Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2; V&C 2 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd. 12) One difference betwee n carbon -12 ( C) and carbon -14 ( C) is that carbon -14 has A) two more protons than carbon -12. B) two more electrons than carbon -12. C) two more neutrons than carbon -12. D) two more protons and two more neutrons than carbon -12. E) two more electrons and two more protons than carbon -12. Answer: C Topic: 2.2 An el ement's properties depend on the structure of its atoms Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding Learn ing Outcome: 2.2; V&C 2 13) An atom has 6 electrons in its outer shell. How many unpaired electrons does it have? A) 0 B) 2 C) 4 D) 6 Answ er: B Topic: 2.2 An element's properties depend on the structure of its atoms Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/ Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2; V&C 2 14) The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Nitrogen -15 is heavier than nitrogen -14 because the atomic n ucleus of nitrogen -15 contains how many neutrons? A) 15 B) 7 C) 8 D) 14 Answer: C Topic: 2.2 An element's pro perties depend on the structure of its atoms Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2; V&C 2 15) Argon has atomi c number 18. Which of the following statements about argon is true? A) It has 10 electrons in its outer electro n shell. B) It is inert. C) It has an atomic mass of 18 daltons. D) It resides in the first column of the periodic table. Answer: B Topic: 2.2 An element's properties depend on the structure of its atoms Bloom's Taxonomy: 1 -2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2; V&C 2