(Test Bank) The Cell A Molecular Approach

Cooper, 8

Medicine

Test Bank

8th Edition

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Test Bank for The Cell A Molecular Approach, The downloadable file consists of 590 pages, and the total size of the file is 9.69 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Cooper

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© 2019 Oxford University Press Test Bank to accompany The Cell: A Molecular Approach, Eighth Edition Geoffrey M. Cooper Chapter 1: An Overview of Cells and Cell Research TEST FILE QUESTIONS Multiple Choice 1. RNA is believed to have been the original genetic system because it can a. form a stable double helix with a complementary nucleic acid strand. b. catalyze the polymerization of nucleotides into another RNA strand. c. form ribosomes. d. transfer amino acids to ribosomes. Answer: b Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding Learning Objective: Explain how the first cell originated. 2. The initial importance of membrane -enclosing , self-replicating RNA molecule s and associated proteins was that they a. maintained these molecules as a unit capable of reproduction and evolution. b. provided sites for proteins to function. c. transported materials in and out of the compartment. d. kept other molecules out of the compartment. Answer: a Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding Learning Objective: Explain how the first cell originated. 3. Stanley Miller applied electric sparks to a reducing atmosphere of methane, ammonia, water, and hydrogen, and the resulting products showed that under these conditions, a. amino acids can form. b. nucleotides can form. c. amino acids can polymerize into polypeptides. d. nucleotides can polymerize into nucleic acids. Answer: a Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Category: 2. Understand ing Learning Objective: Describe the major steps in evolution of metabolism. © 2019 Oxford University Press 4. Which energy -producing process is thought to have come first during cellular evolution? a. Photosynthesis b. Glycolysis c. Oxidative phosphorylation d. Proteolysis Answer: b Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding Learning Objective: Describe the major steps in evolution of metabolism. 5. At the time life arose on Earth, Earth’s atmosphere contained abundant amounts of all of the following except a. H 2. b. N 2. c. O 2. d. H 2S. Answer: c Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Describe the major steps in evolution of metabolism. 6. Organisms that evolved the ability to use H 2O as a donor of electrons and hydrogen for the photosynthetic conversion of CO 2 to organic compounds radically changed Earth by producing a. sugar. b. cellulose. c. H 2. d. O 2. Answer: d Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’ s Category: 2. Understanding Learning Objective: Describe the major steps in evolution of metabolism. 7. The feature that most clearly distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes is the presence of _______ in eukaryotic cells. a. ribosomes b. oxidative phos phorylation c. RNA molecules d. a nucleus Answer: d Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Illustrate the structures of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. 8. Cytoplasmic organelles are © 2019 Oxford University Press a. absent in prokaryotic cells and present in eukaryotic cells. b. present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. c. present in prokaryotic cells and absent in eukaryotic cells. d. absent in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Answer: a Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding Learning Objective: Illustrate the structures of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. 9. The eukaryotic nucleus contains _______ DNA molecule(s). a. a single linear b. a single circular c. multiple linear d. multiple circular Answer: c Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Illustrate the structures of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. 10. The bacterial genome i s located in a portion of the cell called the a. nucleus. b. nucleolus. c. mesosome. d. nucleoid. Answer: d Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Illustrate the structures of eukaryotic a nd prokaryotic cells. 11. Eukaryotic cell nuclei contain genes that are a. primarily of bacterial origin. b. primarily of archaebacterial origin. c. partly archaebacterial and partly bacterial in origin. d. all of eukaryotic origin. Answer: c Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding Learning Objective: Illustrate the structures of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. 12. Organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts are thought to have originated in eukar yotic cells via a process called a. phagocytosis. b. endosymbiosis. c. endocytosis. d. exocytosis. Answer: b © 2019 Oxford University Press Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding Learning Objective: Outline the evolution of eukaryotic cells and multicellular organisms. 13. Mitochondria and chloroplasts resemble bacteria in that they a. have their own DNA. b. have their own ribosomes. c. reproduce by simple division into two. d. All of the above Answer: d Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding Learning Objective: Outline the evolution of eukaryotic cells and multicellular organisms. 14. Which of the following is a colonial organism closely related to the evolutionary precursors of presen t-day plants? a. Paramecium b. Dictyostelium discoideum c. Volvox d. Arabidopsis thaliana Answer: c Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Outline the evolution of eukaryotic cells and multicellular organisms. 15. The human body is composed of more than _______ different types of cells. a. 100 b. 200 c. 400 d. 2,000 Answer: b Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Outli ne the evolution of eukaryotic cells and multicellular organisms. 16. E. coli is a useful model system for molecular biology studies because a. it has a small genome. b. it reproduces rapidly. c. mutants can easily be isolated from culture dishes. d. All of the above Answer: d Textbook Reference: Experimental Models in Cell Biology © 2019 Oxford University Press Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding Learning Objective: Explain the advantages of E. coli for studying basic concepts of molecular biology. 17. A yeast cell divides in culture about every a. 20 minutes. b. 40 minutes. c. 2 hours. d. 12 hours. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Experimental Models in Cell Biology Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Contrast yeast with E. coli as a model system. 18. How many genes does the haploid yeast nuclear genome contain? a. 1,000 b. 6,000 c. 10,000 d. 20,000 Answer: b Textbook Reference: Experimental Models in Cell Biology Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Contrast yeast with E. coli as a model system. 19. The adult nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans consists of _______ somatic cells. a. 95 b. 959 c. 1,500 d. 9,590 Answer: b Textbook Reference: Experimental Models in Cell Biology Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective : Summarize the simple mod els for studying plant and animal development. 20. The simplicity and clarity of Caenorhabditis elegans allowed researchers to a. trace the developmental lineages of all cells in the adult. b. identify the genes involved in differentiation of each cell type. c. observe the process of fertilization better than had been possible in the past. d. follow the process by which cell aggregation forms a multicellular organism. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Experimental Models in Cell Biology Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding Learning Objective : Summarize the simple models for studying plant and animal development. © 2019 Oxford University Press 21. Drosophila melanogaster was an organism of choice for the study of a. the process of fertilization. b. the process of cell aggregation to form a multicellular organism. c. the process of development. d. mammalian genetics. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Experimental Models in Cell Biology Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding Learning Objective : Summarize the simple models for studying plant and ani mal development. 22. Studies on which model organism led to the initial discovery of important mechanisms controlling the development of the animal body plan? a. Mice b. Drosophila melanogaster c. Xenopus laevis d. Yeast Answer: b Textbook Reference: Expe rimental Models in Cell Biology Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective : Summarize the simple models for studying plant and animal development. 23. Arabidopsis thaliana is a model organism for studying the molecular biology of a. plants. b. fungi. c. fruit flies. d. vertebrates. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Experimental Models in Cell Biology Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective : Summarize the simple models for studying plant and animal development. 24. Which fish is proving to be a useful model organism for the study of vertebrate development? a. Zebrafish b. Goldfish c. Salmon d. Guppy Answer: a Textbook Reference: Experimental Models in Cell Biology Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective : Summarize the simple models for studying plant and animal development. © 2019 Oxford University Press 25. Cultures grown from cells of a dissociated tissue are called a. primary cell cultures. b. transformed cell lines. c. normal cell lines. d. secondary cell cultures. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Tools of Cell Biology: Microscopy and Subcellular Fractionation Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding Learning Objective: Summarize the principles of animal cell culture. 26. Most laboratories make use of cultured cells to study human disease. What makes these cultured cells such useful models? a. Cells only function when they are not organized into tissues. b. Cells cultured in the lab behave exactly the same as cells in the human body. c. Cells are very inexpensive to grow. d. They provide a continuous and un iform source of new cells. Answer: d Textbook Reference: Experimental Models in Cell Biology Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying Learning Objective: Summarize the principles of animal cell culture. 27. Viruses are useful model systems for studying a. tooth development. b. cell signaling. c. DNA replication. d. regulation of cell cycle control. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Tools of Cell Biology: Microscopy and Subcellular Fractionation Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding Learning Objective: Explain how viruse s can be used to study cell biology. 28. The light microscope was used to observe the cellular structure of cork by _______, who named the chambers “cells.” a. Schleiden and Schwann b. Hooke c. Virchow d. Leeuwenhoek Answer: b Textbook Reference: Tools of Cell Biology: Microscopy and Subcellular Fractionation Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Summarize the uses and limitations of the light microscope. 29. The diffraction limited resolution of a standard light microscope is dete rmined by which equation? a. R = 0.61 λNA b. R = 0.61 NA / λ © 2019 Oxford University Press c. R = 0.61 λ / NA d. R = 0.61 / λNA Answer: c Textbook Reference: Tools of Cell Biology: Microscopy and Subcellular Fractionation Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Summarize the uses and limitations of the light microscope. 30. The diffraction limited resolving power of a standard light microscope is approximately a. 0.2 mm. b. 0.2 μm. c. 0.2 nm. d. 2 Å. Answer: b Textbook Reference: Tools of Cell Biology: Microscopy and Subcellular Fractionation Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Summarize the uses and limitations of the light microscope. 31. Living cells are commonly visualized by means of _______ microscopy. a. phase -contrast b. bright -field c. fluorescence d. electron Answer: a Textbook Reference: Tools of Cell Biology: Microscopy and Subcellular Fractionation Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Summarize the uses and limitations of the light mi croscope. 32. Fluorescent -labeled antibodies are used on cells primarily to locate a specific a. DNA sequence. b. RNA sequence. c. protein. d. carbohydrate. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Tools of Cell Biology: Microscopy and Subcellular Fractionation Bloo m’s Category: 2. Understanding Learning Objective: Explain how fluorescence microscopy is used to visualize specific proteins. 33. A common use of green fluorescent protein (GFP) is to a. label antibodies. b. visualize proteins in living cells. c. photobl each other fluorescent proteins. d. label DNA sequences. Answer: b Textbook Reference: Tools of Cell Biology: Microscopy and Subcellular Fractionation © 2019 Oxford University Press Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective : Describe how GFP can be used to study proteins in living cells. 34. Which of the following experimental approaches would be useful for studying protein –protein interactions within a cell? a. Differential interference -contrast microscopy b. Differential centrifugation c. Fluorescence pulse field gel electrophoresis (FPFGE) d. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) Answer: d Textbook Reference: Tools of Cell Biology: Microscopy and Subcellular Fractionation Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding Learning Objective: Describe how GFP can be used to st udy proteins in living cells. 35. In fluorescence photobleaching experiments, recovery time is defined as the amount of time it takes the bleached area to regain its fluorescence. The recovery time for a cell with fluorescently labeled membrane proteins i s a. longer than the recovery time for a cell with fluorescently labeled lipids because lipids diffuse faster than proteins. b. shorter than the recovery time for a cell with fluorescently labeled lipids because proteins diffuse faster than lipids. c. equa l to the recovery time for a cell with fluorescently labeled lipids because proteins and lipids diffuse at the same rate. d. shorter than the recovery time for a cell with fluorescently labeled lipids because lipids diffuse faster than proteins. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Tools of Cell Biology: Microscopy and Subcellular Fractionation Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing Learning Objective: Describe how GFP can be used to study proteins in living cells. 36. Super -resolution light microscopes extend the resolu tion limits of light microscopy to a. 0.2 to 0.5 mm. b. 0.2 to 0.5 μm. c. 20 to 100 nm. d. 20 to 100 Å. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Tools of Cell Biology: Microscopy and Subcellular Fractionation Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Expla in super -resolution microscopy. 37. Electron microscopes have a resolution advantage over light microscopes because a. electron microscopes allow the viewer to examine living cells. b. electron microscope lenses have a larger numerical aperture. c. electron microscopes are easier to use. d. the wavelength of electrons is shorter than that of light. Answer: d © 2019 Oxford University Press Textbook Reference: Tools of Cell Biology: Microscopy and Subcellular Fractionation Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding Learning Objective: Compa re electron microscopy and light microscopy. 38. Specific proteins can be localized in the transmission electron microscope by use of a. positive staining. b. negative staining. c. fluorescent -labeled antibodies. d. gold -labeled antibodies. Answer: d Textbook Reference: Tools of Cell Biology: Microscopy and Subcellular Fractionation Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding Learning Objective: Compare electron microscopy and light microscopy. 39. The method by which cell components are separated by centrifugatio n at progressively higher speeds is called _______ centrifugation. a. differential b. velocity c. density -gradient d. equilibrium Answer: a Textbook Reference: Tools of Cell Biology: Microscopy and Subcellular Fractionation Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective : Summarize procedures for isolation of subcellular organelles. 40. Which of the following cell components will be concentrated in the first pellet produced by differential centrifugation? a. Mitochondria b. Nuclei c. Endoplasmic reticulum d. The cytosol Answer: b Textbook Reference: Tools of Cell Biology: Microscopy and Subcellular Fractionation Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying Learning Objective : Summarize procedures for isolation of subcellular organelles. Fill in the Blank 1. It is generally believed that Earth’s original cell enclosed a self -replicating _______ molecule. Answer: RNA Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Explain how the first cell originated. © 2019 Oxford University Press 2. RNA, unlike DNA, is capable of _______ a number of different chemical reactions. Answer: catalyzing Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding Learning Objective: Describe the major steps in evolution of m etabolism. 3. The common source of electrons in the conversion of CO 2 into organic molecules in photosynthesis is _______. Answer: water Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Describe the major steps in evolution of metabolism. 4. The two major groups of prokaryotic cells are the _______ and the _______, which diverged early in evolution. Answer: archaebacteria; bacteria Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Illustrate the structures of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. 5. The DNA in a bacterium is located in a region termed the _______. Answer: nucleoid Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Illustrate the structures of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. 6. The cell lineage that eventually became the plants acquired _______before acquiring _______. Answer: mitochondria; chloroplasts Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding Learning Objective: Outline the evolution of eukaryotic cells and multicellular organisms. 7. The amoeba _______ exists as a unicellular organism in abundant nutrient conditions and forms multicellular fruiting bodies in starvation conditions. Answer: Dictyostelium discoideum (slime mold) Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding Learning Objective: Outline the evolution of eukaryotic cells and multicellular organisms. 8. _______ cells cover the surface of internal organs in the body, such as the intestine. Answer: Epithelial Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells © 2019 Oxford University Press Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Outline the evolution of eukaryotic cells and multicellular organisms. 9. Short generation time is one of the major factors that support using yeast or _______ for many fundamental molecular genetics experiments. Answer: E. coli Textbook Refere nce: Experimental Models in Cell Biology Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding Learning Objective: Contrast yeast with E. coli as a model system. 10. Model systems serve as simplified examples in which the properties and development of cells can be examined easily. For mammals, a common model system is _______, and _______ is a common model for plants. Answer: mice; Arabidopsis thaliana Textbook Reference: Experimental Models in Cell Biology Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding Learning Objective: Summarize the simple models for studying plant and animal development. 11. Model systems such as Caenorhabditis elegan s, Drosophila melanogaster , and zebrafish are especially useful for studying problems in cell differentiation and developmental biology because, in co ntrast to single cells such as E. coli and yeast, they are _______ systems. Answer: multicellular (organismic) Textbook Reference: Experimental Models in Cell Biology Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding Learning Objective: Summarize the simple models for studying plant and animal development. 12. _______ cells, the most commonly used cell line, were derived from a biopsy of a tumor carried by Henrietta Lacks. Answer: HeLa Textbook Reference: Experimental Models in Cell Bio logy Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Summarize the principles of animal cell culture. 13. Viruses have proven to be useful tools with which to explore the properties of cells and complex processes such as cancer because viruses are de pendent on _______ processes for much of their replication and metabolism. Answer: host cell Textbook Reference: Experimental Models in Cell Biology Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding Learning Objective: Explain how viruses can be used to study cell biology. 14. _______ is a light microscope technique for studying the interaction of proteins. © 2019 Oxford University Press Answer: Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) Textbook Reference: Tools of Cell Biology: Microscopy and Subcellular Fraction Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Explain how fluorescence microscopy is used to visualize specific proteins. 15. In the _______ microscope, imaging is restricted to a single focal plane by the use of an aperture pin hole to reject out of focus light; whereas in the _______ microscope, the same outcome is achieved through the use of light wavelengths such that excitation of the fluorescent dye requires the simultaneous absorption of two or more photons. Answer: confoca l; multiphoton excitation Textbook Reference: Tools of Cell Biology: Microscopy and Subcellular Fraction Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Explain how fluorescence microscopy is used to visualize specific proteins. 16. In transmission e lectron microscopy, objects are imaged by their differences in _______ density. Answer: electron Textbook Reference: Tools of Cell Biology: Microscopy and Subcellular Fraction Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Compare electron microscopy and light microscopy. True/False 1. Similarities in basic metabolic mechanisms indicate that all present -day cells on Earth descended from a single primordial ancestor. Answer: T Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding Learning Objective: Explain how the first cell originated. 2. Most of the genes of the bacterial symbionts that evolved into mitochondria are now found in the nucleus. Answer: T Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom ’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Explain how the first cell originated. 3. Eukaryotes contain a mixture of genes from eubacteria and archaebacteria. Answer: T © 2019 Oxford University Press Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Category: 2. Unders tanding Learning Objective: Explain how the first cell originated. 4. Photosynthesis first evolved in the green algae. Answer: F Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective : Describe the major steps in evolution of metabolism. 5. Compared to humans, E. coli has about a thousand times less DNA. Answer: T Textbook Reference: Cells as Experimental Models Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Illustrate the structures of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. 6. Higher plants and higher animals are similar in that they contain about the same number of different cell types. Answer: F Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Cat egory: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Outline the evolution of eukaryotic cells and multicellular organisms. 7. Epithelial cells form sheets that cover the surface of the animal body and line internal organs. Answer: T Textbook Reference: The Origin and Evolution of Cells Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective : Outline the evolution of eukaryotic cells and multicellular organisms. 8. In good culture conditions, E. coli typically divides every two hours. Answer: F Textbook Ref erence: Experimental Models in Cell Biology Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Summarize the simple models for studying plant and animal development. 9. Yeasts are simple eukaryotes. Answer: T Textbook Reference: Experimental Models in C ell Biology Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering Learning Objective: Summarize the simple models for studying plant and animal development.