(Test Bank) Social Psychology

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Test Bank for Social Psychology, The downloadable file consists of 458 pages, and the total size of the file is 0.92 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

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Test Bank Social PsychologyCONTENTS Preface Chapter 1 Social Psychology: The Science of the Social Side of Life 1 Chapter 2 Social Cognition: How we think About the Social World 27 Chapter 3 Social Perception: Perceiving and Understanding Others 53 Chapter 4 The Self: Answering the Question, “Who Am I?” 79 Chapter 5 Attitudes: Evaluating and Responding to the Social World 105 Chapter 6 The Causes, Effects, and Cures of Stereotyping, Prejudice and Discrimination 131 Chapter 7 Interpersonal Attraction and Close Relationships 155 Chapter 8 Social Influence: Changing Others’ Behavior 179 Chapter 9 Prosocial Behavior: Helping Others 205 Chapter 10 Aggression: Its Nature, Causes, and Control 231 Chapter 11 Groups and Individuals: The Consequences of Belonging 257 Chapter 12 Social Psychology: Applying Its Principles to Law, Health, and Business 283 Preface The goal of the Test Bank to accompany Robert A. Baron, Nyla R. Branscombe and Donn Byrne’s Social Psychology, Twelfth Edition , is to provide fully referenced, thoroughly reviewed questions, which target the key concepts from the corresponding chapters of the textbook. There are approximately 1,500 questions total, ranging in type from multiple-choice, fill-in-the-blank, short answer, and concise essay questions. New to this edition there is also one MyPsychLab Feature Essay Question per chapter that tests a relevant asset. This same Test Bank is available in TestGen Computerized Test Bank software, which can be downloaded from the Instructor’s Resource Center at www.pearsonhighered.com. Special thanks to the accuracy reviewers Jody L. Davis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Jeffrey Green, Virginia Commonwealth University, and Mark A. Whatley, Valdosta State University for carefully checking each question and providing exceptional feedback. I welcome any constructive feedback from you about this test bank. The goal is to improve the testquestions so that each is a truly fair test of a factual knowledge of Social Psychology, a clear grasp of the issues, or an ability to apply that understanding to a real-world example. Thank you for choosing Social Psychology, Twelfth Edition ! I sincerely hope that you find this carefully integrated resource a valuable addition to your course materials. Greg Nichols University of Kansas nichols.greg@yahoo.com Chapter 1: Social Psychology: The Science of the Social Side of Life TEST BANK CHAPTER 1 SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY: THE SCIENCE OF THE SOCIAL SIDE OF LIFE MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 1) The branch of psychology that seeks to understand the nature and causes of individual behavior and thought in social situations is ________. A) general psychology B) social psychology C) organizational psychology D) applied psychology E) interpersonal psychology Answer: B Page Ref: 5 - 6 2) Social psychologists focus their attention mainly on individuals because ________. A) our behavior is influenced by the actions of other individuals in social situations B) the behavior of groups is too difficult to study in laboratory conditions C) cultural differences have a strong effect on the behavior of groups but only a weak effect on individuals D) some individuals are more strongly affected by society than are others E) society doesn't have much influence over how individuals should behave in most situations Answer: A Page Ref: 5 - 6 3) As a scientific discipline, social psychology strives for ________. A) a non-skeptical understanding of unobservable forcesB) a unified theory of group behavior C) an objective understanding of behavior D) a narrow focus on the determinants of group behavior E) a subjective understanding of group functions Answer: C Page Ref: 6 4) Social Psychology embraces ________ as core scientific values. A) accuracy, objectivity, skepticism, and open-mindedness B) accuracy, objectivity, statistical support, and open-mindedness C) objectivity, theoretical coherence, open-mindedness, and skepticism D) theoretical coherence, participant-observer approach, client-centered stance, skepticism E) open-mindedness, skepticism, statistical support, theoretical coherence Answer: A Page Ref: 6 5) The focus of social psychology is on ________. A) the processes society use to direct and control the behavior of individuals B) how groups define and shape society C) the behavior and thoughts of individuals D) the actions of small groups of individuals E) the effects that society may have on group behavior Answer: C Page Ref: 6 1 Social Psychology, 12th Edition 6) Why take a scientific approach? Part of the answer lies in the ________ nature of proverbs, axioms, maxims and the like. A) contradictory B) anecdotal C) medieval D) Socratic E) rhetorical Answer: A Page Ref: 6 - 7 7) Kim knows she needs to go take summer courses, but worries about leaving her new boyfriend for 3 months. She wonders, will "absence make the heart go stronger" be true, or is "Out of sight, out of mind"more applicable. This is an example of ________. A) the unscientific nature of conventional wisdom B) confusion regarding an interpersonal problem C) the seductive nature of jealousy D) the need for female advice E) the need for better communication with her boyfriend Answer: A Page Ref: 7 8) One reason that social scientists put their faith in the scientific method is that ________. A) the scientific method produces incontrovertible proof of the accuracy of their theories B) the scientific method assures acceptance of their conclusions by the general public C) the scientific method substantiates the status quo D) the scientific method allows scientists to rely on their own intuition E) the scientific method produces more conclusive evidence than other methods Answer: E Page Ref: 7 - 8 9) The planning fallacy is ________. A) a tendency for individuals to believe that projects will take less time than they actually do B) a bias that some people have in planning for worst-case scenarios C) a tendency to rely on our memories of previous similar activities when planning future projects D) the mistaken belief that one can completely plan for social encounters E) a technique used by some social psychologists when studying group interactions Answer: A Page Ref: 8 10) Armando, based on his estimate of how long it would take him to complete his mid-term essay, told his instructor he would turn in the paper on Tuesday, but was late turning it in, causing his instructor to deduct a letter grade from the paper. Next time Armando makes such a promise based on a plan, he will likely ________. A) remember the negative consequence he experienced, and turn the paper in on timeB) more carefully examine how to go about doing the paper on time C) base his estimate on an outline of the paper D) make arrangements to work away from his noisy roommates E) make the same planning error, and be late again Answer: E Page Ref: 8 2 Chapter 1: Social Psychology: The Science of the Social Side of Life 11) Social psychologists are primarily interested in understanding the many factors and conditions that shape the social ________ and ________ of individuals. A) behavior; thought B) behavior; planning C) emotion; cognition D) emotion; addiction E) thought; judgment Answer: A Page Ref: 8 - 9 12) Which of the following categories is NOT one of the five categories mentioned in your text regarding factors affecting social interaction? A) none of these categories were mentioned B) perceptual processes C) cognitive processes D) environmental variables E) biological factors Answer: B Page Ref: 8 - 11 13) The ways we think about other people and the things we remember about them may have an effect on our behavior. These thoughts and memories are examples of ________. A) social processes B) cultural processes C) interpersonal processes D) historical processes E) cognitive processes Answer: E Page Ref: 9 - 10 14) LaShawna meets another girl at a party who is not from LaShawna's ethnic group, and whomLaShawna judges, based on her stereotype of that group, is probably shallow and a gossip. The best description of LaShawna's judgment is that she is engaged in ________. A) a social cognitive process B) cultural norming C) prejudice D) judging a book by its cover E) a typical interaction between young females Answer: A Page Ref: 9 - 10 15) Radha is from India and is Jana's friend. In making a judgment about Radha's reason for being late for coffee, Jana may infer that Radha was late because she had a confusing day, or Jana may decide that Radha doesn't really have much respect for her schedule. This is best explained as an example of a ________. A) cognitive process B) environmental variable C) cultural context D) biological factor E) personality trait Answer: A Page Ref: 9 - 10 16) People tend to become more irritable and aggressive when the weather is hot and humid. This fact is an example of the effects of ________ on social behavior. A) environmental variables B) biological processes C) cognitive processes D) cultural context E) interpersonal variables Answer: A Page Ref: 10 3 Social Psychology, 12th Edition 17) The moon is full, and Cristinel has been behaving wildly. Although sober, he's been alternately barking like a dog at strangers on the street, and/or asking them, "aren't ya' just happy now?" It is possiblethat Cristinel's behavior is due to ________. A) the moon as an environmental influence B) an undiagnosed mental illness C) a cultural norm imported from his Transylvanian homeland D) a good grade on his midterm paper E) the fact that he has not seen his dog since school started Answer: A Page Ref: 10 18) The divorce rate in the United States has changed dramatically since the 1950s. This change may be explained in part by the effect that ________ have on behavior. A) biological factors B) environmental variables C) intrapersonal conflicts D) cultural beliefs E) cognitive processes Answer: D Page Ref: 10 19) The social rules concerning how individuals should behave in specific situations are known as ________. A) mores B) cultural beliefs and norms C) civil standards D) social values E) cognitive factors Answer: B Page Ref: 10 20) The system of shared meanings, perceptions, and beliefs held by persons belonging to the same group is known as ________. A) normative context B) culture C) socialization D) civilization E) interpersonal background Answer: B Page Ref: 10 21) The branch of psychology that seeks to examine the potential role of genetic factors in differentaspects of human behavior is known as ________. A) psychology of perception B) physiological psychology C) cultural psychology D) evolutionary psychology E) social psychology Answer: D Page Ref: 10 - 11 22) The variation referred to by evolutionary psychologists is that ________. A) some individual members of a species vary on important traits while others do not B) individual members of any given species differ from each other in many ways C) evolved traits exhibit more intraindividual variation than do non evolved traits D) members of different species differ from each other in many ways E) particular traits of individuals may vary over the life span Answer: B Page Ref: 11 4 Chapter 1: Social Psychology: The Science of the Social Side of Life 23) The evolutionary perspective on social psychology suggests that ________. A) we inherit specific patterns of social behavior B) we inherit biological predispositions that have no effect on our actual behavior C) our biological inheritance determines many of the actions we take D) we are driven by our genes to act in specific ways E) we inherit tendencies to behave in certain ways Answer: E Page Ref: 11 24) Despite some variation, there appear to be universal mating preferences for certain physical features. This fact suggests that these attractiveness features are influenced by ________. A) evolutionary factors B) cultural context C) cognitive processes D) developmental perspectivesE) individual differences Answer: A Page Ref: 11 - 12 25) The evolutionary perspective on social behavior suggests that ________. A) we are driven by our genes to act in specific ways B) much of our behavior is biologically determined and cannot be consciously known C) we inherit specific patterns of social behavior D) we inherit tendencies or predispositions to behave in certain ways E) we cannot act counter to the drives established by our genetic inheritance Answer: D Page Ref: 11 - 12 26) Based on a(n) ________, a child, early in life, is more likely to look like ________. A) evolutionary perspective; its father B) cultural view; its mother C) evolutionary perspective; other kids its same age D) environmental perspective; its sibling(s), if any, more than either parent E) evolutionary perspective; its mother Answer: A Page Ref: 12 27) ________ is the area of psychology that studies the interplay between brain events and thought, emotion and behavior. A) Social neuroscience B) Social phrenology C) Nuclear resonance imaging D) Event related potentials E) PET scans Answer: A Page Ref: 14 28) Recent neuroscience research has demonstrated that prejudice actually has two underlying dimensions, ________ and ________, with each dimension having a low or high value. A) warmth; competence B) attractiveness; competence C) warmth; how "different" from usD) homogeneity; heterogeneity E) common language; similar apparent goals Answer: A Page Ref: 14 - 15 5 Social Psychology, 12th Edition 29) In one study, when participants encountered a person who was ________ on both warmth and competence, neural circuitry that normally responds to the presence of a human being ________. A) low; was not activated, as if the person were not human B) high; was not activated, because more complex cognition is involved in responses to these persons C) low; was incapacitated for several hours D) high; showed a positive, but uncomprehending, response E) high; showed a positive response to all social objects for several hours Answer: A Page Ref: 15 30) ________ processes represent those factors and processes which influence thought, feelings or behaviors and of which we are either not aware or only dimly aware. A) Implicit B) Explicit C) Neural D) Common sense E) Immediate Answer: A Page Ref: 16 31) Louis doesn't think he is a very worthwhile person, and spends most of his time engaged in bad business deals. Having been influenced by a(n) ________ process, Louis has relocated to ________. A) implicit; St. Louis, MO B) explicit; Fort Worth, TX C) implicit; Gold hill, CO D) cognitive; St. Louis, MO E) intentional; Dimebox, TX Answer: A Page Ref: 1732) In one study, 3-month-old African infants who had grown up with mainly African people, or who had grown up with a mixture of both African and Caucasian people, were shown photos of both African people and Caucasian people. While the infants from the first group spent more time looking at photos of Africans, the second group showed no such preference, demonstrating that ________. A) an innate own-race preference existed B) there was an implicit influence for attraction to the photos of persons reflecting the racial make-up of those with whom they had grown up C) there was an explicit attraction for people of their own race D) Africans are implicitly attracted to photos of Africans E) time spent looking at photos in such a study does not demonstrate explicitly-influenced attraction Answer: B Page Ref: 17 33) Recent research on implicit processes demonstrate that such processes ________. A) are relatively unimportant in our social behavior and thought B) are quite influential in our social behavior and thought C) are extremely difficult to study and therefore of little use D) often show strong influence, but are impossible to properly interpret E) are becoming less of an interest in the field of social psychology Answer: B Page Ref: 17 6 Chapter 1: Social Psychology: The Science of the Social Side of Life 34) A(n) ________ in social psychology ________ in the U.S. A) multicultural perspective; recognizes a narrowing of diversity B) multicultural perspective; recognizes a widening of diversity C) neuroscientific view; sees a universality of brain function, as opposed to diversity D) social cognitive perspective; views multiculturalism as embracing stereotypes about social groups E) environmental view; sees minority group well-being as primarily a goodness-of-fit problem Answer: B Page Ref: 1835) A multicultural perspective is recognized as increasingly important to research in social psychology because ________. A) cultural factors such as race or ethnicity help determine self-identity B) some cultural factors may be important, but these factors have not yet been identified C) cultural factors are only important in some areas of research, such as research dealing with facial recognition D) cultural factors have a weak influence on social behavior E) cultural factors are relatively unimportant in a heterogeneous society Answer: A Page Ref: 18 36) The process of carefully observing behavior as it occurs is known as ________. A) systematic observation B) social observation C) naturalistic observation D) quasi-experimental observation E) correlational observation Answer: A Page Ref: 21 37) The observation of behavior as it occurs in natural settings is known as ________. A) correlational observation B) social observation C) quasi-experimental observation D) naturalistic observation E) systematic observation Answer: D Page Ref: 21 38) In order to determine whether people have a strong or weak preference for the color of their cookware, a company wants to collect information from many of its past customers. If the number of past customers is very large, the company may want to consider using ________ methods. A) mystery shopper B) survey C) naturalistic observationD) field experimental E) quasi-experimental Answer: B Page Ref: 22 39) The people who complete a survey must be representative of the population about which conclusions are to be drawn. This is known as the issue of ________. A) perverse responders B) representation C) margin of error D) diversity E) sampling Answer: E Page Ref: 22 7 Social Psychology, 12th Edition 40) A researcher worked with members of a political action committee (PAC) to survey potential voters by telephone before an election. PAC members conducted the poll themselves while the researcher tabulated the results. The poll asked which candidate people plan to vote for in the upcoming election. Which of the following may present problems for the accuracy of the results? A) None of these will present problems for the accuracy of the results. B) One question was "Do you plan to vote for Candidate A or Candidate B?" C) The survey was scheduled to coincide with a large rally for one candidate. D) All of these may present problems for the accuracy of the results. E) The sample of potential voters was taken from telephone directories only. Answer: D Page Ref: 22 - 23 41) Suppose a company asked its workers "Now that you have received a raise, how satisfied are you with your job?," and found out that 87% indicated they were "very satisfied" or "satisfied." A major concern of this study would likely be ________. A) the way the question was askedB) the way the participants were selected C) the way the jobs were described D) the amount of the raise E) the way the results were tabulated Answer: A Page Ref: 23 42) The way a question is phrased may sometimes influence the way people respond to the question. In survey research, this is known as the issue of ________. A) faulty design B) wording C) leading questions D) systemic invalidation E) biasing Answer: B Page Ref: 23 43) A correlation exists between two variables when ________. A) changing one variable has no effect on the other variable B) changing one variable causes the other to change by the same amount C) changes in the two variables are related to each other D) the two variables are inversely related - as one increases, the other decreases E) changing one variable sometimes causes the other to change and sometimes not Answer: C Page Ref: 23 44) One advantage of knowing the correlation between two variables is that ________. A) the size of the correlation helps determine whether the variables are important enough to devote further research to them B) one variable can then be used to predict another C) one variable can be eliminated from the theory D) this knowledge helps us understand the limitations of social research E) since correlation does not indicate causal relationships, there is no advantage Answer: B Page Ref: 23 8 Chapter 1: Social Psychology: The Science of the Social Side of Life