(Test Bank) Microbiology Principles And Explorations

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Chapter 1: Scope and History of Microbiology Question Type: Multiple Choice 1) Microbes live in us, on us and nearly everywhere around us. Which of the following activities are microbes involved in? a) Decomposing dead organisms b) Aiding the digestive processes of grazing animals c) Capturing energy from the sun d) All of the abo ve Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 1.1 Distinguish the different types of microbes in terms of their cellular structure, including the types of jobs microbiologists may hold as they study them. Section Reference 1: Section 1.1 Why Study Microbiology? 2) Which of the follo wing is a reason microorganisms are useful in many different research laboratories (such as ecology, biochemistry, evolution and genetics)? a) They are easy to see and count b) They have fairly complex structures and are expensive c) They reproduce fast and grow in large numbers d) They live everywhere so contaminants from the environment are not a problem. Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 1.1 Distinguish the different types of microbes in terms of their cellular structure, including the types of jobs microbiologists may hold as they study them. Section Reference 1: Section 1.2 Scope of Microbiology 3) Microbiology is the study of bacteria, algae, fungi, viruses and protozoa. Most of these are single -celled, except for which two: a) bacteria (some of which are multicellular) and algae b) algae and fungi (some have many cells) c) protozoa and fungi d) bacteria and viruses Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: LO 1.1 Distinguish the different types of microbes in terms of their cellular structure, including the types of jobs microbiologists may hold as they stud y them. Section Reference 1: Section 1.2 Scope of Microbiology 4) A parasitologist studies parasites. What does a mycologist study? a) protozoa b) how viruses cause disease and are involved in cancer c) the development of chemical substances to treat d iseases d) fungi Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 1.1 Distinguish the different types of microbes in terms of their cellular structure, including the types of jobs microbiologists may hold as they study them. Section Reference 1: Section 1.2 Scope of Microbiology 5) While a doctor may diagnose and treat a patient who presents with a disease, an epidemiologist : a) helps in the development and use of vaccines b) investigates what organism is responsible for a particular patient ’s disease c) figures out how to use microorganisms to clean up the environment d) studies the frequency and distribution of the disease in the community Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: LO 1.1 Distinguish the different types of microbes i n terms of their cellular structure, including the types of jobs microbiologists may hold as they study them. Section Reference 1: Section 1.2 Scope of Microbiology 6) What did ancient civilizations know about disease? a) Even though they could not see microbes the Greeks and Romans knew that they caused disease and could be transmitted. b) The ancient Mosaic laws in the bible encouraged the burial of waste and the separation of lepers and other diseased individuals . c) All ancient civilizations thou ght that disease struck people that were morally corrupt . d) Infectious diseases did not have much impact on the survival of people in ancient civilizations. Answer: b Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective 1: LO 1.2 Compare the germ theory with that of spontaneous generation, describing the contributions made by Redi, Spallanzani, Pasteur, Tyndall, and Koch that led to a resolution of these conflicting theories and an understanding the role microbes play in disease. Section Reference 1: Section 1.3 Histo rical Roots 7) What discovery was crucial to the founding of the field of microbiology? a) Isolation of lepers limiting the spread of infectious disease b) Agglutination of bacteria in immune serum c) The chemical composition of DNA, the genetic material d) Microscopes which allowed for the direct observation of microbes Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 1.2 Compare the germ theory with that of spontaneous generation, describing the contributions made by Redi, Spallanzani, Pasteur, Tyndall, and Koch that led to a resolution of these conflicting theories and an understanding the role microbes play in disease. Section Reference 1: Section 1.3 Historical Roots 8) The English scientist Robert Hooke coined the term cell because the small boxes he saw in the microscope reminded him of a monk ’s room. What is the cell theory that was later proposed? a) Cells are fundamental units of life . b) Replication requires the division of cells into two equal cells . c) Hereditary information is passed on in the form of DNA . d) All organisms are unicellular, made up of one cell . Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: LO 1.2 Compare the germ theory with that of spontaneous generation, describing the contributions made by Redi, Spallanzani, Pasteur, Tyndall, and Koch that led to a resolution of these conflicting theories and an understanding the role microbes play in disease. Section Reference 1: Section 1.3 Historical Roots 9) All of the following s tatements agree with the germ theory of disease, except : a) microorganisms can invade other organisms and cause disease b) maggots only grow on meat that is left in an open flask because microbes are transmitted by flies and do not spontaneously generate c) disease -causing organisms will spontaneously arise from decaying meat d) disease is not caused by bad air or spirits Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: LO 1.2 Compare the germ theory with that of spontaneous generation, describing the contributions made by Redi, Spallanzani, Pasteur, Tyndall, and Koch that led to a resolution of these conflicting theories and an understanding the role microbes play in disease. Section Reference 1: Section 1.4 The Germ Theory of Disease 10) Louis Pasteur made several important contributions to microbiology. These included studying wine making, identifying diseases in silkworms and which of the following: a) developing culture techniques b) developing the first rabies vaccine c) us ing a swan -necked flask to prove that air contained the vital force that brought microbes d) discovering a method to introduce unwanted organisms into food and wine Answer: b Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective 1: LO 1.2 Compare the germ theory with t hat of spontaneous generation, describing the contributions made by Redi, Spallanzani, Pasteur, Tyndall, and Koch that led to a resolution of these conflicting theories and an understanding the role microbes play in disease. Section Reference 1: Section 1. 4 The Germ Theory of Disease 11) Koch’s postulates were : a) specific to anthrax and tuberculosis but don’t apply to other diseases b) designed to establish a casual relationship between a causative microbe and a disease c) strict in that microorganisms isolated from experimentally inoculated hosts had to be different from the microorganism that was introduced into the host. d) interpr eted as many organism s could cause the same disease Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: LO 1.2 Compare the germ theory with that of spontaneous generation, describing the contributions made by Redi, Spallanzani, Pasteur, Tyndall, and Koch that led to a resolution of these conflicting theories and an understanding the role microbes play in disease. Section Reference 1: Section 1.4 The Germ Theory of Disease 12) Koch developed tuberculin, which he hoped would be a vaccine against tuberculosis. Tuberculin is : a) the current vaccine used against tuberculosis b) responsible for definitively proving that one organism causes one disease c) administered as a skin test to diagnose tuberculosis d) an exception to germ theory Answer: c Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective 1: LO 1.2 Compare the germ theory with that of spontaneous generation, describing the contributions made by Redi, Spallanzani, Pasteur, Tyndall, an d Koch that led to a resolution of these conflicting theories and an understanding the role microbes play in disease. Section Reference 1: Section 1.4 The Germ Theory of Disease 13) Which of the following statements is true about infection control? a) Semmelweiss encouraged physicians to go directly from autopsies to examining women in labor without changing their white coats in hopes of reducing puerperal fever. b) Surgeries that use aseptic technique increases surgical wound infections . c) Lister aided infection control by encouraging wounds to be left open to the air instead of using bandages. d) Semmelweiss was ridiculed by physicians for his suggestion that physicians should wash their hands and adopt more sanitary practices before seei ng patients. Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 1.2 Compare the germ theory with that of spontaneous generation, describing the contributions made by Redi, Spallanzani, Pasteur, Tyndall, and Koch that led to a resolution of these confl icting theories and an understanding the role microbes play in disease. Section Reference 1: Section 1.4 The Germ Theory of Disease 14) Vaccines are: a) specific disease -causing molecules that incorporate into cells b) the causative agent of Black Death c) selective chemicals used to treat infectious disease d) preparations that establish immunity to a disease Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 1.3 Describe the specialized studies of immunology, virology, chemotherapy, and molecular biology. Section Reference 1: Section 1.5 Emergence of Special Fields of Microbiology 15) Which statement about variolation is FALSE ? a) Variolation originate d in ancient China . b) Variolation involves infecting a person with dried scabs from lesions of people who had recovered from the disease . c) Variolation used chemicals produced from another microorganism to immunize against the disease causing microbe . d) Variolation leads to a controlled infection that induces immunity against further infection . Answer: c Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective 1: LO 1.3 Describe the specialized studies of immunology, virology, chemotherapy, and molecular biology . Section Reference 1: Section 1.5 Emergence of Special Fields of Microbiology 16) Pasteur worked on rabies and cholera vaccine during the emergence of immunology. While culturing a chicken cholera he noted that an old culture was weakened and useful as a vaccine as it : a) caused disease b) caused severe cholera symptoms and prevented further infection c) allowed for the cholera to spread from person to person d) did not cause disease symptoms and im munized against chicken cholera Answer: d Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective 1: LO 1.3 Describe the specialized studies of immunology, v irology, chemotherapy, and molecular biology. Section Reference 1: Section 1.5 Emergence of Special Fields of Microbiology 17) Viruses were initially identified as small infectious agents that could pass through filters. How was it believed that these agents could survive? a) They had small compact structures that allowed for the production of metabolites and replication . b) They survived on the metabolites and poisons that pass through the filter . c) They borrowed the use of existing metabolic and repl icative mechanisms of the host cells they infected . d) They are capable of capturing energy from the sun . Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: LO 1.3 Describe the specialized studies of immunology, virology, chemotherapy, and molecular biology. Section Reference 1: Section 1.5 Emergence of Special Fields of Microbiology 18) Because viruses could not be visualized using conventional microscopes further progress required the development of techniques for isolating, propagating and analyzing viruses. All of the following are true EXCEPT : a) crystal structure of the tobacco mosaic virus showed that it was made up of RNA and protein b) viruses wer e first observed with an electron microscope c) viral DNA has a different structure from that discovered by Watson and Crick d) Hershey and Chase demonstrated that the genetic material of some viruses is DNA Answer: c Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective 1: LO 1.3 Describe the specialized studies of immunology, virology, chemotherapy, and molecular biology. Section Reference 1: Section 1.5 Emergence of Special Fields of Microbiology 19) Before Ehrlich began a systematic search for a chemi cal to kill spe cific bacteria, the only chemotherap ies available were substances derived from medicinal plants. What distinguished Ehrlich’s chemotherapy research? a) Ehrlich systematically tested hundred s of compounds for their ability to destroy specific bacteria without damaging surrounding tissue . b) Ehrlich used metals, such as antimony and mercury to treat diseases . c) Ehrlich inoculated his own son with fluid from a cowpox blíster. d) Ehrlich introduced cinchona tree bark, a native American remedy to treat malaria . Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: LO 1.3 Describe the specialized studies of immunology, virology, chemotherapy, and molecular biology. Section Reference 1: Section 1.5 Emergence of Special Fields of Microbiology 20) All of the following are true statements about the development of antibiotics, EXCEPT : a) most bacteria that stopped the growth of other bacteria by producing antibiotics were soil bacteria b) Fleming noticed that a contaminant mold (Penicillium) prevent ed the growth of bacteria adjacent to itself c) an antibiotic was discovered in the sea after a scientist noted the absence of disease causing organisms in the seawater where the sewage entered d) sulfa drugs did not prove to be useful as the body converte d them into inactive molecules Answer: d Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective 1: LO 1.3 Describe the specialized studies of immunology, virology, chemotherapy, and molecular biology. Section Reference 1: Section 1.5 Emergence of Special Fields of Microbio logy 21) Microbiologists investigate problems by designing and carrying out experiments. What is true about the scientific method? a) A hypothesis is the definitive explanation to account for the observation and therefore does not need to be tested . b) A prediction is the factor that can change but is prevented from changing during the duration of the experiment . c) A good hypothesis is o ne that offers the simplest most reasonable explanation and can be tested. d) The goal of an experiment is to prove that scientist s are always correct in their predictions . Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: LO 1.4 Explain how advances in microbiological sciences have positively impacted medicine, agriculture, and food science. Section Reference 1: Section 1.6 Tomorrow’s History 22) To design a good experiment, an investigator must consider all variables that might affect the outcome. What is a variable? a) the record of all the observations b) everything that a scientist cannot control c) an outcome that will result if the hypothesis is true d) anything that can change for the purpose of the experiment Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 1.4 Explain how advances in microbiological sciences have positively impacted medicine, agriculture, and food science. Section Reference 1: Section 1.6 Tomorrow’s History 23) Microbes have played important roles in genetics and in the discovery of DNA as the genetic material. What discoveries depended on bacteria? a) The ability of a previously harmless bacterium to change into a disease -causing bacterium was due to DNA acquisition . b) The discovery of the intracellular reproduction of tobac co mosaic virus . c) The development of the microscope d) The identification of a virus that causes yellow fever . Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 1.3 Describe the specialized studies of immunology, virology, chemotherapy, and molecular biology. Section Reference 1: Section 1.5 Emergence of Special Fields of Microbiology 24) Microbiology continues to be an important research field for all of th e following reasons, EXCEPT : a) all infectious diseases have had vaccines developed and therefore can be prevented b) many forms of genetic engineering depend on microorganisms c) new and emer ging diseases like AIDS need to be studied d) microorganisms c an be used as factories to cheaply produce drugs, hormones and vaccines Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 1.4 Explain how advances in microbiological sciences have positively impacted medicine, agriculture, and food science. Section Reference 1: Section 1.6 Tomorrow’s History 25) Bacteriophages are : a) modified antibiotics that were used in the Soviet Union b) viruses that attack and kill specific kinds of bacteria including antibiotic resistant bacteria c) used to introdu ce genes in gene therapy d) some of the genes in the human genome Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: LO 1.4 Explain how advances in microbiological sciences have positively impacted medicine, agriculture, and food science. Section Reference 1: Section 1.6 Tomorrow’s History 26) Which is a false statement about genomes? a) genomes contain all the genetic material of a species. b) all of the genome is made up of useful genes whose function we already know c) humans have only 300 ge nes not found in the mouse d) most microbial genomes are smaller than the human genome Answer: b Difficulty: Med ium Learning Objective 1: LO 1.4 Explain how advances in microbiological sciences have positively impacted medicine, agriculture, and food science. Section Reference 1: Section 1.6 Tomorrow’s History 27) Over 100 microbial genomes have been sequenced . Beyond yielding insight into microbial genetics , these sequencing projects have been important because: a) they allow insights into microbi al pathogenicity b) knowing how many chromosomes a microbe has lets us know if it causes disease . c) without th e sequence of the genome we can not tell what the organism uses as its genetic material . d) it demonstrate s that microorganisms do not cause infectious diseases. Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: LO 1.4 Explain how advances in microbiological sciences have positively impacted medicine, agriculture, and food science. Section Reference 1: Section 1.6 Tomorrow’s History 28) All of the following are considered microbes EXCEPT : a) viruses b) bacteria c) protozoa d) worms Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 1.1 Distinguish the different types of microbes in terms of their cellular structure, including the types of jobs microbiologists may hold as they study them. Section Reference 1: Section 1.2 Scope of Microbiology 29) The concept of putting microbes to work to clean up the environment is called: a) bioremediation b) pa steurization c) immunization d) fermentation Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 1.1 Distinguish the different types of microbes in terms of their cellular structure, including the types of jobs microbiologists may hold as they study them. Section Reference 1: Section 1.1 Why Study Microbiology? 30) A substance derived from one microorganism that kills or restricts the growth of other microorganisms is best described as a (n): a) poison b) antibody c) vaccine d) antibiotic Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: LO 1.3 Describe the specialized studies of immunology, virology, chemotherapy, and molecular biology. Section Reference 1: Section 1.5 Emergence of Special Fields of Microbiology 31) Microbiology is the study of microorganisms which include all of the following except : a) bacteria b) viruses c) plants d) protozoa Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 1.1 Distinguish the different types of microbes in terms of their cellular structure, including the types of jobs microbiologists may hold as they study them. Section Reference 1: Section 1.2 Scope of Microbiology 32) Which of the following diseases has been eradicated? a) Chicken pox b) Measles c) Smallpox d) Mumps Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 1.3 Describe the specialized studies of immunology, virology, chemotherapy, and molecular biology. Section Reference 1: Section 1.5 Emergence of Special Fields of Microbiology 33) Which of the following statements about algae is FALSE ? a) They photosynthesize to produce their own food b) They are found in both fresh - and salt -water c) They have a nucleus d) They never cause disease in humans Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: LO 1.1 Distinguish the different types of microbes in terms of their cellular structure, including the types of jobs microbiologists may hold as they study them. Section Reference 1: Section 1.2 Scope of Microbiology 34) In which of the following groups would you find a mushroom? a) bacteria b) protozoa c) fungi d) viruses Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 1.1 Distinguish the different types of microbes in terms of their cellular structure, including the types of jobs microbiologists may hold as they study them. Section Reference 1: Section 1.2 Scope of Microbiology 35) Which of the following groups of organisms contains members better known for transmitting agents of disease than for causing disease themselves? a) Arthropods b) Protozoa c) Fungi d) Helminths Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 1.1 Distinguish the different types of microbes in terms of their cellular structure, including the types of jobs microbiologists may hold as they study them. Section Reference 1: Section 1.2 Scope of Microbiology 36) Collecting information and tracking the spread of disease is the primary responsibility of what U. S. government agency a) Food and Drug Administration b) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention c) Department of Health and Human Services d) Department of Homeland Security Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 1.1 Distinguish the different types of microbes in terms of their cellular structure, including the types of jobs microbiologists may hold as they study them. Section Reference 1: Section 1.2 Scope of Microbiology 37) The first person to use a microscope to observe cells invisible to the naked eye was: a) Robert Hooke b) Matthias Schleiden c) Anton van Leeuwenhoek d) Louis Pasteur Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: LO 1.2 Compare the germ theory with that of spontaneous generation, describing the contributions made by Redi, Spallanzani, Pasteur, Tyndall, and Koch that led to a resolution of these conflicting theories and an understanding the rol e microbes play in disease. Section Reference 1: Section 1.3 Historical Roots 38) The curve in Pasteur’s swan neck flasks was important because _____. a) It prevented flies from escaping the flask b) It allowed only warm air to reach the infusion c) It trapped microbes that otherwise would have entered the flask d) It prevented oxygen from reaching organisms inside the flask Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: LO 1.2 Compare the germ theory with that of spontaneous generat ion, describing the contributions made by Redi, Spallanzani, Pasteur, Tyndall, and Koch that led to a resolution of these conflicting theories and an understanding the role microbes play in disease. Section Reference 1: Section 1.4 The Germ Theory of Disea se 39) A pure culture refers to a culture: a) containing bacteria that all have the same shape b) which has never been used to inoculate a patient c) which causes only a single disease d) which contains only a single type of organism Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: LO 1.2 Compare the germ theory with that of spontaneous generation, describing the contributions made by Redi, Spallanzani, Pasteur, Tyndall, and Koch that led to a resolution of these conflicting theories and an un derstanding the role microbes play in disease. Section Reference 1: Section 1.4 The Germ Theory of Disease 40) Edward Jenner is best known for what contribution to the developing field of microbiology? a) Developing some of the earliest vaccines b) Disproving spontaneous generation c) Controlling infections in patients d) Developing methods of obtaining pure cultures of microorganisms Answer: a Difficulty: Easy