(Test Bank) Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals Of Nursing: Concepts, Process And Practice

Berman,Snyder,Frandsen, 10

Nursing

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10th Edition

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Author(s): Berman, Snyder, Frandsen

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TEST BANK KOZIER & ERB'S FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING 10TH EDITION Concepts, Process and Practice 1 Test Bank Kozier & Erb's Funda mentals Of Nursing 10th Edition Concepts, Process And Practice MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Some nursing students have been given an assignment to develop a research question from a quantitative approach. Which of the following would be an ple of a quantitative research question in the clinical area? A) Does expression of client spirituality affect recovery time? B) What dressing selections work best for a wound dehiscence? C) How do siblings react to a new baby of a second marriage after divorce of their parents? D) What support do terminal cancer clients find least beneficial in hospice care? Answer: B Explanation: A) Quantitative research is often viewed as "hard" science. It progresses through systematic, logical steps to collect information under controlled conditions. The information is analyzed using statistical procedures. Qualitative research most often explor es the subjective experiences of human beings, which would be exemplified in options A, C, and D. Evaluation Safe, effective care environment Analysis B) Quantitative research is often viewed as "hard" science. It progresses through systematic, logical steps to collect information under controlled conditions. The information is analyzed using statistical procedures. Qualitative research most often explores the subjective experiences of human beings, which would be exemplified in options A, C, and D. Evaluation Safe, effective care environment Analysis C) Quantitative research is often viewed as "hard" science. It progresses through systematic, logical steps to collect information under controlled conditions. The information is analyzed using statistical procedures . Qualitative research most often explores the subjective experiences of human beings, which would be exemplified in options A, C, and D. Evaluation Safe, effective care environment Analysis D) Quantitative research is often viewed as "hard" science. It progresses through systematic, logical steps to collect information under controlled conditions. The information is analyzed using statistical procedures. Qualitative research most often explores the subjective experiences of human beings, which would be exemplified in options A, C, and D. Evaluation Safe, effective care environment Analysis 2) A group of nurses is researching how care providers of Stage I/II Alzheimer's clients use prior coping skills in dealing with their current situation. Which qualitative research tradition does this exemplify? A) Ethnography B) Grounded theory C) Substantive dimension D) Phenomenology Answer: D 1) 2) 2 Test Bank Kozier & Erb's Funda mentals Of Nursing 10th Edition Concepts, Process And Practice Explanation: A) Phenomenology is research that investigates people's life experiences and how they interpret those experiences. Using prior coping skills (life experiences) and applying them to current situations in order to interpret the process of Alzheimer's disease is an ple of phenomenology. Grounded theory is research to understand social structures and social processes. Ethnography is research that provides a framework to focus on the culture of a group of people. Substantive dimension is not a research tradition, rather a way to critique research reports. Assessment Psychosocial integrity Application B) Phenomenology is research that investigates people's life experiences and how they interpret those experiences. Using prior coping skills (lif e experiences) and applying them to current situations in order to interpret the process of Alzheimer's disease is an ple of phenomenology. Grounded theory is research to understand social structures and social processes. Ethnography is research that provides a framework to focus on the culture of a group of people. Substantive dimension is not a research tradition, rather a way to critique research reports. Assessment Psychosocial integrity Application C) Phenomenology is research that investigates peopl e's life experiences and how they interpret those experiences. Using prior coping skills (life experiences) and applying them to current situations in order to interpret the process of Alzheimer's disease is an ple of phenomenology. Grounded theory is research to understand social structures and social processes. Ethnography is research that provides a framework to focus on the culture of a group of people. Substantive dimension is not a research tradition, rather a way to critique research reports. Assessment Psychosocial integrity Application D) Phenomenology is research that investigates people's life experiences and how they interpret those experiences. Using prior coping skills (life experiences) and applying them to current situations in order to interpret the process of Alzheimer's disease is an ple of phenomenology. Grounded theory is research to understand social structures and social processes. Ethnography is research that provides a framework to focus on the culture of a group of people. Su bstantive dimension is not a research tradition, rather a way to critique research reports. Assessment Psychosocial integrity Application 3) A nurse educator has asked the question, "Do students who form study groups fare better on the NCLEX® when compared to their peers who study independently?" An ple of a dependent variable would be which of the following? A) Students' college GPAs B) Time between graduation and sitting for the NCLEX® C) NCLEX® scores of both groups D) Number of students in a study group Answer: C 3) 3 Test Bank Kozier & Erb's Funda mentals Of Nursing 10th Edition Concepts, Process And Practice Explanation: A) The dependent variable is the behavior, characteristic, or outcome that the researcher wishes to explain or predict. The independent variable is the presumed cause of or influence on the dependent variable. In this situation, the prediction is the success on NCLEX®. All the other options would be ples of independent variables, or those things that cause or have an influence on the dependent variable. Assessment Safe, effective care environment Analysis B) The dependent variable is the behavior, characteristic, or outcome that the researcher wishes to explain or predict. The independent variable is the presumed cause of or influence on the dependent variable. In this situation, the prediction is the success on NCLEX®. All the other options would be ples of independent variables, or those things that cause or have an influence on the dependent variable. Assessment Safe, effective care environment Analysis C) The dependent variable is the behavior, characteristic, or outcome that the researcher wishes to explain or predict. The independent variable is the presumed cause of or influence on the dependent variable. In this situation, the prediction is the success on NCLEX®. All the other options would be ples of independent variables, or those things that cause or have an influence on the dependent variable. Assessment Safe, effective care environment Analysis D) The dependent variable is the behavior, characteristic, or outcome that the researcher wishes to explain or predict. The independent variable is the presumed cause of or influence on the dependent variable. In this situation, the prediction is the success on NCLEX®. All the other options would be ples of independent variables, or those things that cause or have an influence on the dependent variable. Assessment Safe, effective care environment Analysis 4 Test Bank Kozier & Erb's Funda mentals Of Nursing 10th Edition Concepts, Process And Practice 4) A researcher is conducting a study involving only the single -parent families of a school system. The sample in this situation is which of the following? A) Children B) Single -parent families C) The school system D) Parents Answer: B Explanation: A) The sample is the segment of the population from which the data will actually be collected -in this case, single -parent families. The school system, parents, and children would be more representative of the population, which includes all possible members of the group who meet the criteria for the study. Assessment Health promotion and maintenance Application B) The sample is the segment of the population from which the data will actually be collected -in this case, single -parent families. The school system, parents, and children would be more representative of the population, which includes all possible members of the group who meet the criteria for the study. Assessment Health promotion and maintenance Application C) The sample is the segment of the population from which the data will actually be collected -in this case, single -parent families. The school system, parents, and children would be more representative of the population, which includes all possible members of the group who meet the criteria for the study. Assessment Health promotion and maintenance Application D) The sample is the segment of the population from which the data will actually be collected -in this case, single -parent families. The school system, parents, and children would be more representative of the population, which includes all possible members of the group who meet the criteria for the study. Assessment Health promotion and maintenance Application 5) A nurse researcher is using an instrument that provides similar results each time it's implemented. This is an ple of which of the following? A) Reliability B) Validity C) Consistency D) Variability Answer: A Explanation: A) Reliability is the degree of consistency with which an instrument measures a concept or variable. If it is reliable, repeated measurement of the same variable should yield similar or nearly similar results. Validity is the degree to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure. Consistency is a component of reliability. Variability does not describe instrument measurement, but variances in data. Implementation Health promotion and maintenance Application 4) 5) 5 Test Bank Kozier & Erb's Funda mentals Of Nursing 10th Edition Concepts, Process And Practice B) Reliability is the degree of consistency with which an instrument measures a concept or variable. If it is reliable, repeated measurement of the same variable should yield similar or nearly similar results. Validity is the degree to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure. Consistency is a component of reliability. Variability does not describe instrument measurement, but variances in data. Implementation Health promotion and maintenance Application C) Reliability is the degree of consistency with which an instrument measures a concept or variable. If it is reliable, repeated measurement of the same variable should yield similar or nearly similar results. Validity is the degree to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure. Consistency is a component of reliability. Variability does not describe instrument measurement, but variances in data. Implementation Health promotion and maintenance Application D) Reliability is the degree of consistency with which an instrument measures a concept or variable. If it is reliable, repeated measurement of the same variable should yield similar or nearly similar results. Validity is the degree to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure. Consistency is a component of reliability. Variability does not describe instrument measurement, but variances in data. Implementation Health promotion and maintenance Application 6) A significant research study was conducted on surgical clients in Pennsylvania hospitals. Findings concluded that: A) Hospital size did not affect client survival. B) Nurses with BSN or higher degrees were associated with lower mortality. C) Nurse -to-client ratios did not have a bearing on significant reduction in client mortality D) Years of nursing experience increased client survival. Answer: B Explanation: A) This research study has generated much debate over the relationship of higher educational level of nursing staff and client mortality rate. For every 10% increase in proportion of higher -degree nurses, there was a 5% reduction in mortality. Years of nursing experience did not correlate with client survival, but nurse staffing and certified surgeons were also statistically significant in reducing mortality. Hospital data included the size, but this was not an outcome of the findings. Evaluation Safe, effective care environment Analysis 6) 6 Test Bank Kozier & Erb's Funda mentals Of Nursing 10th Edition Concepts, Process And Practice B) This research study has generated much debate over the relationship of higher educational level of nursing staff and client mortality rate. For every 10% increase in proportion of higher -degree nurses, there was a 5% reduction in mortality. Years of nursin g experience did not correlate with client survival, but nurse staffing and certified surgeons were also statistically significant in reducing mortality. Hospital data included the size, but this was not an outcome of the findings. Evaluation Safe, effective care environment Analysis C) This research study has generated much debate over the relationship of higher educational level of nursing staff and client mortality rate. For every 10% increase in proportion of higher -degree nurses, there was a 5% red uction in mortality. Years of nursing experience did not correlate with client survival, but nurse staffing and certified surgeons were also statistically significant in reducing mortality. Hospital data included the size, but this was not an outcome of th e findings. Evaluation Safe, effective care environment Analysis D) This research study has generated much debate over the relationship of higher educational level of nursing staff and client mortality rate. For every 10% increase in proportion of higher -degree nurses, there was a 5% reduction in mortality. Years of nursing experience did not correlate with client survival, but nurse staffing and certified surgeons were also statistically significant in reducing mortality. Hospital data included the size, but this was not an outcome of the findings. Evaluation Safe, effective care environment Analysis 7) A nurse researcher is considering the use of various nonpharmacological distraction techniques that have shown success for behavior control in troubled adolescents. The criteria this researcher is considering is which of the following? A) Significance B) Feasibility C) Researchability D) Interest Answer: A Explanation: A) The research problem has significance if it has the potential to contribute to nursing science by enhancing client care, testing or generating a theory, or resolving a day-to-day clinical problem. If the adolescents are showing improved behavior, then these techniques have significance in enhancing client care. Researchability means that the problem can be subjected to scientific investigation, without ambiguity or uncertainty. Feasibility pertains to the time and material as well as human resources needed to investigate a problem or question. Interest can be a factor for successful completio n, depending on the attitude of the researcher. Assessment Psychosocial integrity Application 7) 7 Test Bank Kozier & Erb's Funda mentals Of Nursing 10th Edition Concepts, Process And Practice B) The research problem has significance if it has the potential to contribute to nursing science by enhancing client care, testing or generating a theory, or resolving a day-to-day clinical problem. If the adolescents are showing improved behavior, then these techniques have significance in enhancing client care. Researchability means that the problem can be subjected to scientific investigation, without ambiguity or uncertainty. Feasibility pertains to the time and material as well as human resources needed to investigate a problem or question. Interest can be a factor for successful completion, depending on the attitude of the researcher. Assessment Psychosocial integrity Application C) The research problem has significance if it has the potential to contribute to nursing science by enhancing client care, testi ng or generating a theory, or resolving a day-to-day clinical problem. If the adolescents are showing improved behavior, then these techniques have significance in enhancing client care. Researchability means that the problem can be subjected to scientific investigation, without ambiguity or uncertainty. Feasibility pertains to the time and material as well as human resources needed to investigate a problem or question. Interest can be a factor for successful completion, depending on the attitude of the res earcher. Assessment Psychosocial integrity Application D) The research problem has significance if it has the potential to contribute to nursing science by enhancing client care, testing or generating a theory, or resolving a day-to-day clinical problem. If the adolescents are showing improved behavior, then these techniques have significance in enhancing client care. Researchability means that the problem can be subjected to scientific investigation, without ambiguity or uncertainty. Feasibility pertains to the time and material as well as human resources needed to investigate a problem or question. Interest can be a factor for successful completion, depending on the attitude of the researcher. Assessment Psychosocial integrity Applic ation 8 Test Bank Kozier & Erb's Funda mentals Of Nursing 10th Edition Concepts, Process And Practice 8) A high school graduate is considering entering a nursing program that offers a baccalaureate degree. Which of the following is the entity that accredits baccalaureate programs (or higher)? A) CCNE (Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education) B) NCLEX® (National Council Licensure ination) C) NLN (National League for Nursing) D) NCSBN (National Council of State Boards of Nursing) Answer: A Explanation: A) The CCNE accredits baccalaureate and graduate degree nursing programs. The NLN accredits nursing programs at all levels, including LVN and LPN. Both of these offer voluntary accreditation. The NCLEX® is the licensure ination administered by each state, and the NCSBN is the council to which all state boards of nursing belong. Assessment Safe, effective care environment Application B) The CCNE accredits baccalaureate and graduate degree nursing programs. The NLN accredits nursing programs at all levels, including LVN and LPN. Both of these offer voluntary accreditation. The NCLEX® is the licensure ination administered by each state, and the NCSBN is the council to which all state boards of nursing belong. Assessment Safe, effective care environment Application C) The CCNE accredits ba ccalaureate and graduate degree nursing programs. The NLN accredits nursing programs at all levels, including LVN and LPN. Both of these offer voluntary accreditation. The NCLEX® is the licensure ination administered by each state, and the NCSBN is the council to which all state boards of nursing belong. Assessment Safe, effective care environment Application D) The CCNE accredits baccalaureate and graduate degree nursing programs. The NLN accredits nursing programs at all levels, including LVN and LPN. Bo th of these offer voluntary accreditation. The NCLEX® is the licensure ination administered by each state, and the NCSBN is the council to which all state boards of nursing belong. Assessment Safe, effective care environment Application 9) The student nurse is doing a literature review on evidence -based practice (EBP). Which of the following demonstrates the student's understanding of EBP? A) Explaining EBP to fellow students B) Trying to find other problems to implement EBP C) Repositioning a client at risk for skin breakdown every 2 hours D) Presenting a paper about EBP Answer: C 8) 9) 9 Test Bank Kozier & Erb's Funda mentals Of Nursing 10th Edition Concepts, Process And Practice Explanation: A) In evidence -based practice, the nurse integrates research findings with clinical experience, the client's preferences, and available resources in planning and implementing care. Evidence -based practice would support frequent repositioning to prevent skin breakdown in an at-risk client, demonstrating that this student is able to incorpo rate research into practice. Presenting papers or explaining what EBP is to someone else does not demonstrate the ability to put into practice that which is learned. Implementation Health promotion and maintenance Application B) In evidence -based practice, the nurse integrates research findings with clinical experience, the client's preferences, and available resources in planning and implementing care. Evidence -based practice would support frequent repositioning to prevent skin breakdown in an at-risk client, demonstrating that this student is able to incorporate research into practice. Presenting papers or explaining what EBP is to someone else does not demonstrate the ability to put into practice that which is learned. Implementation Health promotion and maintenance Application C) In evidence -based practice, the nurse integrates research findings with clinical experience, the client's preferences, and available resources in planning and implementing care. Evidence -based practice would support frequent repositioning to prevent skin breakdown in an at-risk client, demonstrating that this student is able to incorporate research into practice. Presenting papers or explaining what EBP is to someone else does not demonstrate the ability to put into p ractice that which is learned. Implementation Health promotion and maintenance Application D) In evidence -based practice, the nurse integrates research findings with clinical experience, the client's preferences, and available resources in planning and implementing care. Evidence -based practice would support frequent repositioning to prevent skin breakdown in an at-risk client, demonstrating that this student is able to incorporate research into practice. Presenting papers or explaining what EBP is to so meone else does not demonstrate the ability to put into practice that which is learned. Implementation Health promotion and maintenance Application 10) A client has agreed to participate in a research study. Which of the following would constitute risk of harm to this client? A) Suggesting that participation would greatly benefit the client's financial situation B) Giving the client false information about his or her participation C) Withholding information about the study D) Providing the client's as a participant in the study Answer: D 10) 10 Test Bank Kozier & Erb's Funda mentals Of Nursing 10th Edition Concepts, Process And Practice Explanation: A) Risk of harm to a research subject is exposure to the possibility of injury, which could involve physical or psychological injury such as loss of confidentiality or loss of privacy. Withholding information or giving false information would be violations of full disclosure. Participants should feel free from coercion or undue influence to participate in a study or this would be a violation against the right of self-determination. Assessment Psychosocial integrity Application B) Risk of harm to a research subject is exposure to the possibility of injury, which could involve physica l or psychological injury such as loss of confidentiality or loss of privacy. Withholding information or giving false information would be violations of full disclosure. Participants should feel free from coercion or undue influence to participate in a study or this would be a violation against the right of self-determination. Assessment Psychosocial integrity Application C) Risk of harm to a research subject is exposure to the possibility of injury, which could involve physica l or psychological injury such as loss of confidentiality or loss of privacy. Withholding information or giving false information would be violations of full disclosure. Participants should feel free from coercion or undue influence to participate in a study or this would be a violation against the right of self-determination. Assessment Psychosocial integrity Application D) Risk of harm to a research subject is exposure to the possibility of injury, which could involve physical or psychological injury such as loss of confidentiality or loss of privacy. Withholding information or giving false information would be violations of full disclosure. Participants should feel free from coercion or undue influence to participate in a study or this would be a violation against the right of self-determination. Assessment Psychosocial integrity Application 11) After the data have been analyzed, the nurse realizes that the probability has a value of less than .05. This means that the findings are which of the following? A) Generalized B) Statistically insignificant C) Chance occurrences D) Statistically significant Answer: D Explanation: A) If findings in a research study are statistically significant —which means they did not occur by chance—the probability value is less than .05, the acceptable level of significance. Values greater than .05 are considered to be statistically insignificant and there is a greater probability that the results were due to chance occurrences. In other words, options B and C mean the same thing. It is not known what the generalized findings would be. Evaluation Safe, effective care environment Analysis 11) 11 Test Bank Kozier & Erb's Funda mentals Of Nursing 10th Edition Concepts, Process And Practice B) If findings in a research study are statistically significant —which means they did not occur by chance—the probability value is less than .05, the acceptable level of significance. Values greater than .05 are considered to be statistically insignificant and there is a greater probability that the results were due to chance occurrences. In other words, options B and C mean the same thing. It is not known what the generalized findings would be. Evaluation Safe, effective care environment Analysis C) If findings in a research study are statistically significant —which means they did not occur by chance—the probability value is less than .05, the acceptable level of significance. Values greater than .05 are considered to be statistically insignificant and there is a greater probability that the results were due to chance occurrences. In other words, options B and C mean the same thing. It is not known what the generalized findings would be. Evaluation Safe, effective care environment Analysis D) If findings in a research study are statistically significant —which means they did not occur by chance—the probability value is less than .05, the acceptable level of significance. Values greater than .05 are considered to be statistically insignificant and there is a greater probability that the results were due to chance occurrences. In other words, options B and C mean the same thing. It is not known what the generalized findings would be. Evaluation Safe, effective care environment Analysis 12) A nurse faculty member is speaking to pros pective students to the BSN program at their educational institution. Which of the following is a major incentive for students to select a BSN program over an ADN program? A) Easier transition to graduate school B) Liberal arts education C) Better opportunity for career advancement D) Ability to work in critical care areas Answer: C Explanation: A) The nurse who holds a baccalaureate degree enjoys greater autonomy, responsibility, participation in institutional decision making, and career advancement. A liberal arts education is also a positive point, though not as major an incentive. RNs, regardless of their education level, can work in critical care areas. There are some programs offering RN to MSN completion studies at this point in time. Evaluation Safe, effective care environment Application 12) 12 Test Bank Kozier & Erb's Funda mentals Of Nursing 10th Edition Concepts, Process And Practice B) The nurse who holds a baccalaureate degree enjoys greater autonomy, responsibility, participation in institutional decision making, and career advancement. A liberal arts education is also a positive point, though not as major an incentive. RNs, regardless of their education level, can work in critical care areas. There are some programs offering RN to MSN completion studies at this point in time. Evaluation Safe, effective care environment Application C) The nurse who holds a baccalaureate degree enjoys greater autonomy, responsibility, participation in institutional decision making, and career advancement. A liberal arts education is also a positive point, though not as major an incentive. RNs, regardless of their education level, can work in critical care areas. There are some programs offering RN to MSN completion studies at this point in time. Evaluation Safe, effective care environment Application D) The nurse who holds a baccalaureate degree enjoys greater autonomy, responsibility, participation in institutional decision making, and career advancement. A liberal arts education is also a positive point, though not as major an incentive. RNs, regardless of their education level, can work in critical care areas. There are some programs offering RN to MSN completion studies at this point in time. Evaluation Safe, effective care environment Application 13 Test Bank Kozier & Erb's Funda mentals Of Nursing 10th Edition Concepts, Process And Practice 13) If the RN has several LPNs on the shift to supervise, which of the following responsibilities will fall to the RN? A) Supervising unlicensed client care providers (such as a nurse's aide) B) Evaluating the care provided to the client C) Administering scheduled injectable medications D) Performing complex dressing changes Answer: B Explanation: A) The RN has the knowledge and skill to make more sophisticated nursing judgments and is responsible for assessing the client's condition, planning care, and evaluating the effect of the care provided. LPNs practice under the supervision of an RN in a hospital, nursing home, rehabilitation center, or home health agency, and usually provide basic, direct technical care to clients. Implementation Safe, effective care environment Application B) The RN has the knowledge and skill to make more sophisticated nursing judgments and is responsible for assessing the client's condition, planning care, and evaluating the effect of the care provided. LPNs practice under the supervision of an RN in a hospital, nursing home, rehabilitation center, or home health agency, and usually provide basic, direct technical care to clients. Implementation Safe, effective care environment Application C) The RN has the knowledge and skill to make more sophisticated nursing judgments and is responsible for assessing the client's condition, planning care, and evaluating the effect of the care provided. LPNs practice under the supervision of an RN in a hospit al, nursing home, rehabilitation center, or home health agency, and usually provide basic, direct technical care to clients. Implementation Safe, effective care environment Application D) The RN has the knowledge and skill to make more sophisticated nursing judgments and is responsible for assessing the client's condition, planning care, and evaluating the effect of the care provided. LPNs practice under the supervision of an RN in a hospital, nursing home, rehabilitation center, or home health agency, and usually provide basic, direct technical care to clients. Implementation Safe, effective care environment Application 13) 14 Test Bank Kozier & Erb's Funda mentals Of Nursing 10th Edition Concepts, Process And Practice 14) The nurse researcher is considering whether the findings of a project may present uncertain results in the clinical area. The criteria this researcher is reflecting on would be which of the following? A) Confidentiality B) Researchability C) Variables D) Significance Answer: B Explanation: A) Researchability means that the problem can be subjected to scientific investigation. If a significant problem produces ambiguity or uncertainty in clinical situations, it may not be appropriate to research. Significance deals with whether the research problem has the potential to contribute to nursing science by enhancing nursing care. Confidentiality is one of the research participant's rights. Quantitative research problems address relationships between independent and dependent variables. Implementation Safe, effective care environment Application B) Researchability means that the problem can be subjected to scientific investigation. If a significant problem produces ambiguity or uncertainty in clinical situations, it may not be appropriate to research. Significance deals with whether the research prob lem has the potential to contribute to nursing science by enhancing nursing care. Confidentiality is one of the research participant's rights. Quantitative research problems address relationships between independent and dependent variables. Implementation Safe, effective care environment Application C) Researchability means that the problem can be subjected to scientific investigation. If a significant problem produces ambiguity or uncertainty in clinical situations, it may not be appropriate to research. Sign ificance deals with whether the research problem has the potential to contribute to nursing science by enhancing nursing care. Confidentiality is one of the research participant's rights. Quantitative research problems address relationships between independent and dependent variables. Implementation Safe, effective care environment Application D) Researchability means that the problem can be subjected to scientific investigation. If a significant problem produces ambiguity or uncertainty in clinical sit uations, it may not be appropriate to research. Significance deals with whether the research problem has the potential to contribute to nursing science by enhancing nursing care. Confidentiality is one of the research participant's rights. Quantitative research problems address relationships between independent and dependent variables. Implementation Safe, effective care environment Application 14)