(Test Bank) Psychology A Journey 5th Edition by Coon Chapter 10: Personality

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1 Test Bank for Psychology A Journey 5th Edition by Coon Chapter 10: Personality MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. An individual’s unique and enduring patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving are called a. personality. b. character. c. somatotype. d. phenotype. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.1 KEY: Fact 2. In psychology, the term personality implies that individual patterns of behavior are both a. universal and inherited. b. desirable and undesirable. c. unique and stable. d. complimentary and diverse. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 3. The term personality refers to a. the hereditary aspects of one’s emotional nature. b. unique and enduring behavior patterns. c. favor able and unfavorable personal characteristics. d. charisma, character, or temperament. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.1 KEY: Fact 4. The consistency of who you are, have been, and will become as well as the special blend of talents, values, hopes, loves, hates, and habits that makes you a unique person is referred to as a. personality. b. character. c. somatotype. d. temperament. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.1 KEY: Concept 2 5. When desirable or undesirable characteristics of personality are evaluated, we are assessing a. temperament. b. character. c. personality types. d. popular stereotypes. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.2 KEY: Fact 6. Which of the following statements pertains to character as opposed to personality? a. “Eddie is a good guy. He’s honest and dependable.” b. “Judy tends to be withdrawn. She rarely enjoys being with others.” c. “Juanita loses her temper easily and cools off slowly.” d. “As a group, Americans are less restrained than the British.” ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.2 KEY: Application 7. Which of the following implies that a person has been evaluated as possessing positive qualities, not just described? a. personality b. ideal self c. character d. temperament ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.2 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 8. A subjective evaluation of a person is referred to as a. personality. b. character. c. temperament. d. a trait critique. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.2 KEY: Fact 9. When you describe your friend as being outgoing, funny, honest, dependable, and just an “all-around good guy,” you are referring to attributes of a. character. b. temperament. c. the superego. 3 d. the ideal self. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.2 KEY: Application 10. The term character refers to a. the hereditary aspects of one’s emotional nature. b. unique and enduring behavior patterns. c. favorable and unfavorable personal characteristics. d. one’s temperament. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.2 KEY: Fact 11. A stable, enduring quality that a person shows in most situations is a. self-esteem. b. a personality type. c. a personality trait. d. a somatotype. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.3 KEY: Fact 12. A personality trait is a. a style of personality defined by a group of related qualities. b. a stable, enduring quality that a person shows in most situations. c. the hereditary aspect of a person’s personality. d. the subjective evaluation of a character. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.3 KEY: Fact 13. Personality traits are inferred from past behavior and allow us to behavior. a. explain b. learn from c. justify d. predict ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.3 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 14. If we describe Dan as being sociable, orderly, and intelligent, we are referring to his a. personality traits. b. personality type. 4 c. personality style. d. temperamental character. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.3 KEY: Application 15. Regarding personality traits, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Personality traits are inferred from one’s behavior. b. We are less likely to predict that a person will be successful if he or she has the personality trait of conscientiousness. c. If we observe a person who is outgoing, we are likely to predict that this person will be sociable at school and at work. d. Personality traits can influence our health as well as our marital and occupational success. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.3 KEY: Concept MSC : * (New Question) 16. A personality type is a. a style of personality defined by a group of related qualities. b. a stable, enduring quality that a person shows in most situations. c. the hereditary aspect of a person’s personality. d. the subjective evaluation of a character. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.4 KEY: Fact 17. A style of personality defined by a group of related characteristics is called a. character. b. a temperamental quality. c. a personality type. d. a personality trait. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.4 KEY: Fact 18. Informally, we tend to place people into categories, such as the “executive type,” the “athletic type,” and the “motherly type.” If you tried to define these informal types, you would probably a. evaluate them on their character. b. use cardinal traits to describe them. c. describe their temperaments. d. list a different collection of traits for each category. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate 5 REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.4 KEY: Concept 19. Carl Jung’s concepts of introversion and extroversion represent a. personality types. b. somatotypic profiles. c. character groupings. d. situational determinants. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.4 KEY: Concept 20. Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung proposed that people are either a. Type A or Type B personalities. b. ectomorphic, mesomorphic, or endomorphic. c. introverts or extroverts. d. congruent or incongruent. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.4 KEY: Fact 21. The psychiatrist who proposed that people are either introverts or extroverts was a. Abraham Maslow. b. Carl Jung. c. Sigmund Freud. d. B. F. Skinner. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.4 KEY: Fact 22. Concerning extroverts and introverts, it is most accurate to say a. these categories are not types but ways to define a person’s character. b. that knowing if someone is extroverted or introverted tells you little about how conscientious, kind, or open to new ideas the person is. c. each of these types is a specific collection of maladaptive traits. d. classifying people into two or three types is more informative than rating people on a list of traits. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.4 KEY: Concept 23. A shy, reserved person whose attention is focused inward is referred to as a(n) a. introvert. b. Type B personality. c. feeling type. 6 d. extrovert. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.4 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 24. A bold, outgoing person whose attention is directed outward is referred to as a(n) a. introvert. b. Type A personality. c. perceptive type. d. extrovert. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.4 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 25. Melissa tends to be outgoing, assertive, and very sociable. Carl Jung would have classified Melissa as a. an introvert. b. an extrovert. c. self-actualized. d. androgynous. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.4 KEY: Application 26. Marty tends to be shy and prefers solitary hobbies, such as reading, constructing models, and fishing alone. Carl Jung would have classified Marty as a. neurotic. b. an extrovert. c. an introvert. d. androgynous. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.4 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 27. If you like studying in groups where there is more socializing and a higher noise level, you are probably a. more of an introvert. b. more of an extrovert. c. a Type A personality. d. a Type B personality. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.4 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 28. If you prefer studying in the quiet cubicles in the library, you are probably 7 a. more of an introvert. b. more of an extrovert. c. a Type A personality. d. a Type B personality. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.4 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 29. Regarding personality types, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Two categories or even several are often inadequate to fully capture differences in personality. b. Rating people on a list of traits tends to be more informative than classifying people into two or three types. c. Types tend to oversimplify people. d. The personality types of introverts and extroverts were first proposed by Abraham Maslow. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.4 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 30. Because two categories (or even several) are often inadequate to fully capture differences in personality, which of the following tends to be more informative than classifying persons into two or three types? a. rating people on a list of traits b. determining their archetype c. determining the distance between their real and ideal selves. d. analyzing fixations through psychoanalytic techniques ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.4 KEY: Concept 31. One problem psychologists have with using personality types is they a. are hereditary constructs. b. oversimplify personality. c. describe character, not personality. d. are not observable or measurable. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.4 KEY: Concept 32. Which of the following is a shorthand way of labeling people who have several key traits in common? a. archetype b. actualization potential c. types d. character profile ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? 8 OBJ: 10.1.4 KEY: Concept 33. Classifying people as having either a Type A or Type B personality has been used to predict a. competency as a parent. b. chances of suffering a heart attack. c. success in education. d. chances of developing a serious mental illness. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.4 KEY: Fact 34. People who have personality traits that increase their chance of suffering a heart attack are considered personalities. a. extroverted b. introverted c. Type A d. Type B ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.4 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 35. People who take a more laid-back approach to life are considered personalities. a. extroverted b. introverted c. Type A d. Type B ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.4 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 36. The paranoid personality, the dependent personality, and the antisocial personality are examples of personality types. a. introverted b. extroverted c. unhealthy d. Type A ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.4 KEY: Fact 37. The dependent personality and the antisocial personality are each defined by specific collections of traits that a. are not adaptive. b. increase the person’s risk of having a heart attack. c. include being introverted, cautious, and agreeable. 9 d. include being sociable, nurturing, and conscientious. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.4 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 38. All your ideas, perceptions, and feelings about who you are make up your a. ideal self. b. ego ideal. c. possible selves. d. self-concept. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.5 KEY: Fact 39. The “mental picture” you have of your own personality that is creatively built out of our daily experiences is called your a. ideal self. b. ego ideal. c. self-concept. d. self-esteem. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.5 KEY: Fact 40. We each have a perception of our own personality traits with this perception strongly influencing our behavior. Psychologists call this perception our a. self-evaluation. b. inner concept. c. self-concept. d. self-esteem. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.5 KEY: Concept 41. When you tell a prospective employer that you are a high-achiever, gregarious, and occasionally brilliant, you are describing your a. self-concept. b. temperament. c. character. d. ordinal position. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.5 KEY: Application 42. Regarding self-concept, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. We creatively build our self-concepts out of daily experiences and revise them as we have 10 new experiences. b. Once a stable self-concept exists, it tends to guide what we pay attention to, remember, and think about. c. Self-concepts can greatly affect our behavior, personal adjustment, and self-esteem, especially when these self-concepts are inaccurate. d. When old people were asked in a study how they had changed over the years, almost all thought they were very different people than they were when they were young. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.5 KEY: Concept 43. Janet is a college student and thinks that she is stupid, worthless, and a failure, despite getting good grades and being an excellent part-time employee. Janet a. has an inaccurate self-concept and will most likely experience depression. b. is an introverted person who is soliciting sympathy from others. c. will experience neurotic anxiety due to a failure to resolve the Electra complex. d. is exhibiting organismic valuing due to unresolved conditions of worth. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.5 KEY: Application 44. Evaluating your worth as a person creates either a high or low a. ideal self. b. temperament. c. character. d. self-esteem. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.6 KEY: Concept 45. A person who is competent and effective and who is loved and admired will almost always have a. low self-efficacy. b. low self-awareness. c. high self-esteem. d. a high degree of arrogance. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.6 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 11 46. Virginia is insecure, anxious, lacking in confidence, and overly self-critical. Virginia is experiencing a. low self-esteem. b. organismic valuing. c. a congruent self. d. all of these. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.6 KEY: Application 47. When we experience success or praise, which of the following tends to rise? a. ideal self b. conditions of worth c. character d. self-esteem ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.6 KEY: Concept 48. Regarding self-esteem, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Self-esteem buffers us against negative experiences. b. A person with low self -esteem suffers from poor self -knowledge with their self -concepts being inconsistent, inaccurate, and confused. c. A positive self-evaluation that is bestowed very easily tends to be healthy and appropriate. d. The success that helps create high self-esteem is viewed differently by different cultures. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.6 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 49. Which of the following is usually NOT exhibiting by a person with low self-esteem? a. being proud and arrogant around others b. having poor self-knowledge c. being anxious, unhappy, and self-critical d. having an inconsistent, inaccurate, and confused perception of his or her personality ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.6 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 50. Which of the following concepts is an important factor in one’s self-esteem but is viewed very differently by Eastern and Western cultures? a. success b. temperamental traits c. intelligence d. sociability 12 ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.6 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 51. Regarding cultural differences in self-esteem, which of the following statements is TRUE? a. People from Asian cultures tend to downplay their faults and failures. b. The self-esteem for people from Western cultures is based on a secure sense of belonging to social groups. c. For people from Western cultures, the path to higher self-esteem lies in self-enhancement. d. People in Western cultures are more apt to engage in self-criticism. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.6 KEY: Concept 52. In cultures like the United States, self-esteem is based on a. a person’s outstanding performance. b. interdependence. c. collectivism. d. group membership. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.6 KEY: Concept 53. Japan and other Asian cultures place a greater emphasis on which of the following than do Western cultures, such as the United States? a. self-concept b. collectivism c. being independent d. a person’s outstanding performance ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.6 KEY: Fact 54. M.J. misses two free throws that just cost his team the basketball game. His teammates blame M.J. for the loss. In the previous game, M.J. performed admirably and was the hero for his team as he hit the game winning shot. These types of reactions are most likely to occur in a. Japan. b. China. c. both Japan and China. d. the United States. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.6 KEY: Application 13 55. C.K. misses two goals in soccer and greatly criticizes himself after the game because he believes that by correcting his personal faults he can add to the well -being of the team. C.K. is most likely a member of which culture? a. Asian b. European c. North American d. none of these ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.6 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 56. In the United States and other Western cultures, the path to heightened levels of self-esteem is believed to be attained through a. personal success. b. group success. c. a complete understanding of one’s self. d. an accurate assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the group to which one belongs. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.6 KEY: Concept 57. The Japanese and other Asian cultures place a greater emphasis on a. personal success. b. the interdependence among people. c. a complete understanding of one’s self. d. self-enhancement. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.6 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 58. In the Japanese and other Asian cultures, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. People in Asian cultures are more apt to engage in self-criticism b. The path to higher self-esteem in Asian cultures lies in self-enhancement. c. Asian cultures place a greater emphasis on collectivism. d. The self-esteem of people in Asian cultures is based on a secure sense of belonging to social groups. 14 ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.6 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 59. Genuine self-esteem is based on which type of appraisal of your strengths and weaknesses? a. modest b. balanced c. accurate d. high positive ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.6 KEY: Concept 60. If self-esteem is too high, the person may be perceived as a. a pathological liar. b. ineffective. c. dull. d. arrogant. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.6 KEY: Concept 61. Grace thinks very highly of her intellectual abilities and lets everyone else know it. When Grace interacts with a new group, the other members may initially perceive her as confident and interesting. However, research suggests that Grace’s high self- esteem will soon be perceived as a. a self-affirmation. b. hostile. c. arrogance. d. incompetence. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.6 KEY: Application 62. A personality theory is a(n) a. category used to describe continuums within personality. b. interrelated system of concepts used to explain personality. c. relatively permanent set of behavior patterns. d. subjective evaluation of a person. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.7 KEY: Fact 63. A personality theory must include a. connotative meanings. b. somatotypic guidelines. 15 c. statistical assessment techniques. d. concepts, assumptions, ideas, and principles. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.7 KEY: Fact 64. A system of concepts, assumptions, ideas, and principles proposed to explain people’s unique and relatively stable behavior patterns is called a. the law of inherited temperaments. b. somatotypic guidelines. c. a personality theory. d. a semantic differential. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.7 KEY: Fact 65. The four approaches to personality covered by the text include all following EXCEPT a. psychodynamic. b. humanistic. c. transactional analysis. d. trait. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.7 KEY: Fact 66. The theories that attempt to learn what characteristics make up personality and how they relate to actual behavior are the theories. a. trait b. humanistic c. social learning d. behaviorist ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.7 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 67. To understand personality, trait theorists attempt to a. discover how the various traits were learned in early childhood. b. increase the number of basic traits that have been identified. c. classify traits and discover how they are related to behavior. d. reduce source traits to cardinal traits. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.7 KEY: Concept 16 68. Which of the following theories focus on the inner workings of personality, especially internal conflicts and struggles? a. humanistic theories b. psychodynamic theories c. behaviorist theories d. trait theories ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.7 KEY: Concept 69. Michael’s psychologist believes that Michael’s depression is due to internal conflicts and struggles he is experiencing over the relationship he had as a child with his hypercritical but overprotective mother. Michael’s psychologist emphasizes which theory of personality? a. humanistic theory b. psychodynamic theory c. behaviorist theory d. social learning ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.7 KEY: Application 70. Which theories of personality stress private, subjective experience and personal growth? a. trait theories b. humanistic theories c. behaviorist theories d. psychodynamic theories ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.7 KEY: Concept 71. Erin is attending group sessions at the counseling center at her college, not to solve problems, but to enhance her personal growth. These sessions most likely follow which theoretical perspective? a. psychodynamic b. behaviorist c. humanistic d. social learning ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.7 KEY: Application 72. Behaviorists are to the external environment as humanists are to a. stress. b. personal growth. c. trait analysis. d. internal conflicts. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate 17 REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.7 KEY: Concept 73. The theories that place importance on the external environment and on the effects of conditioning and learning are the a. humanistic theories. b. psychodynamic theories. c. behaviorist theories. d. trait theories. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.7 KEY: Concept 74. In working with his clients and in his lectures at the university, Dr. Ferris tends to explain personality and various psychological disorders in terms of a person’s responses being reinforced or punished. Dr. Ferris places the most importance on which theories of personality? a. humanistic theories b. psychodynamic theories c. behaviorist theories d. trait theories ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.7 KEY: Application 75. The theories that attribute differences in personality to one’s culture, expectations, and mental processes are the theories. a. trait b. humanistic c. psychodynamic d. social learning ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.7 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 76. Dr. Woody attributes differences in personality primarily to such factors as culture, mental processes, and one’s expectations about environmental situations. Dr. Woody emphasizes whic h theories of personality? a. psychodynamic theories b. trait theories c. humanistic theories d. social learning theories ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.7 KEY: Application 18 77. The dimensions of personality stressed by Eysenck include a. psychosexual stages and Oedipal conflicts. b. the collective unconscious and archetypes. c. introversion -extroversion and emotional stability. d. cognitions and reinforcement. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.7 KEY: Fact 78. Which of the following was an English psychologist who proposed the theory that many personality traits are related to whether one is introverted or extroverted and whether one tends to be emotionally stable or unstable? a. Julian Rotter b. Hans Eysenck c. Albert Bandura d. Carl Rogers ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.7 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 79. Eysenck believed that the characteristics of personality were related to four types of temperament, melancholic, choleric, phlegmatic, and sanguine, which were first recognized by a. the Romans. b. the early Greeks. c. the Chinese (Ming Dynasty). d. Nostradamus. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.7 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 80. Four types of temperament recognized by the early Greeks are sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic, and a. manic. b. melancholic. c. somatic. d. anxious. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.7 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 19 81. Eysenck sees the characteristics of personality as being related to the four types of temperament first recognized by the early Greeks. Which of the following is NOT one of those four types? a. melancholic b. choleric c. sanguine d. somatic ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.7 KEY: Fact 82. Eysenck sees the characteristics of personality as being related to the four types of temperament first recognized by the early Greeks. Which of the following is the correct match between the temperament and its definition? a. melancholic ---hot-tempered, irritable b. choleric ------- cheerful, hopeful c. sanguine ------ sad, gloomy d. phlegmatic ---- sluggish, calm ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.7 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 83. Eysenck sees the characteristics of personality as being related to the four types of temperament first recognized by the early Greeks. Which of the following is the correct match between the temperament and its definition? a. melancholic -- sluggish, calm b. choleric ------- hot-tempered, irritable c. sanguine ------ sad, gloomy d. phlegmatic ---- cheerful, hopeful ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.7 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 84. If a person is cheerful and hopeful, the early Greeks would have said that the person had which temperament? a. melancholic b. choleric c. sanguine d. phlegmatic ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Psychology of Personality -Do You Have Personality? OBJ: 10.1.7 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 85. The dominant approach to the study of personality is currently the approach. a. trait b. psychodynamic c. behaviorist 20 d. humanistic ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Trait Approach -Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less OBJ: 10.2.1 KEY: Fact 86. Which theories seek to describe personality in terms of a small number of underlying personality factors? a. trait b. psychodynamic c. behaviorist d. humanistic ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Trait Approach -Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less OBJ: 10.2.1 KEY: Fact 87. An adjective checklist would most likely be used by a a. psychodynamic therapist. b. behaviorist. c. humanistic therapist. d. trait theorist. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: The Trait Approach -Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less OBJ: 10.2.1 KEY: Concept 88. Approximately how many English words refer to personal characteristics? a. 8,000 b. 10,200 c. 15,000 d. 18,000 ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: The Trait Approach -Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less OBJ: 10.2.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 89. Jorge goes to a psychologist who will identify, classify, and analyze Jorge’s stable enduring characteristics. Once these characteristics are identified and analyzed, they can be used to predict future behavior. This psychologist is utilizing the approach. a. psychodynamic b. trait 21 c. behavioristic d. humanistic ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Trait Approach -Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less OBJ: 10.2.1 KEY: Application 90. Trait theorists believe that we have a hereditary readiness to behave in particular ways since they think of traits as a. miniature cardinal types. b. biological predispositions. c. character profiles. d. possible selves. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Trait Approach -Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less OBJ: 10.2.1 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 91. The trait approach would be used to identify a. the possible selves that one can choose from based on his or her character profile. b. stable qualities a person shows in most situations. c. situation -specific behaviors. d. only characteristics that are shared by a group or culture. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Trait Approach -Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less OBJ: 10.2.1 KEY: Concept 92. If you were asked to describe the personality of your best friend; and you said that she was optimistic, reserved, and friendly, you would be using the approach. a. psychodynamic b. analytical c. humanistic d. trait ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Trait Approach -Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less OBJ: 10.2.1 KEY: Application 93. Researchers have found that students are more likely to prefer to meet and talk to people through the Internet than face -to-face if they are high in the trait of a. introversion. b. extroversion. c. melancholia. d. intellectual curiosity. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: The Trait Approach -Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less OBJ: 10.2.1 KEY: Fact 94. Regarding introversion -extroversion, which of the following statements is FALSE? 22 a. Introversion and extroversion can be thought of as types and as traits. b. Knowing how you rate on the dimension of introversion -extroversion allows us to predict how you will behave in a variety of settings. c. Students high in the trait of extroversion are more likely to prefer to meet and talk to people through the Internet than face-to-face. d. Separating people into broad types, such as “introvert” or “extrovert,” may oversimplify personality. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Trait Approach -Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less OBJ: 10.2.1 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 95. According to Rentfrow and Gosling, people who value aesthetic experiences, have good verbal abilities, are liberal, and tolerant of others tend to like a. rap/hip -hop, soul/funk, and electronic/dance music. b. country, soundtrack, religious, and pop music. c. rock, alternative, and heavy metal music. d. blues, jazz, classical, and folk music. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Trait Approach -Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less OBJ: 10.2.1 KEY: Fact 96. According to Rentfrow and Gosling, people who are curious about new experiences, enjoy taking risks, and are physically active prefer a. rap/hip -hop, soul/funk, and electronic/dance music. b. country, soundtrack, religious, and pop music. c. rock, alternative, and heavy metal music. d. blues, jazz, classical, and folk music. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Trait Approach -Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less OBJ: 10.2.1 KEY: Fact 97. According to Rentfrow and Gosling, people who are cheerful, conventional, extroverted, reliable, helpful, and conservative tend to enjoy a. rap/hip -hop, soul/funk, and electronic/dance music. b. country, soundtrack, religious, and pop music. c. rock, alternative, and heavy metal music. d. blues, jazz, classical, and folk music. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult 23 REF: The Trait Approach -Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less OBJ: 10.2.1 KEY: Fact 98. According to Rentfrow and Gosling, people who are talkative, full of energy, forgiving, physically attractive, and who reject conservative ideals tend to prefer a. rap/hip -hop, soul/funk, and electronic/dance music. b. country, soundtrack, religious, and pop music. c. rock, alternative, and heavy metal music. d. blues, jazz, classical, and folk music. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: The Trait Approach -Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less OBJ: 10.2.1 KEY: Fact 99. Which personality theorist referred to the traits shared by members of a culture as common traits and the unique qualities of a particular person as individual traits, classified as cardinal, central, and secondary traits? a. Raymond Cattell b. Julian Rotter c. Gordon Allport d. Alfred Adler ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Trait Approach -Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less OBJ: 10.2.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 100. According to Gordon Allport, characteristics that are shared by most members of a culture are termed traits. a. cultural b. ethnic c. general d. common ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Trait Approach -Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less OBJ: 10.2.2 KEY: Fact 101. According to Gordon Allport, traits that tell us how people from a particular nation or culture are similar, or which traits a culture emphasizes, are referred to as traits. a. cardinal b. common 24 c. secondary d. source ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Trait Approach -Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less OBJ: 10.2.2 KEY: Concept 102. According to Gordon Allport, if a majority of people in the United States show the trait of competitiveness, then, for Americans, this trait would be considered a trait. a. common b. cardinal c. secondary d. source ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Trait Approach -Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less OBJ: 10.2.2 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 103. According to Gordon Allport, the personality traits that define a particular person’s unique qualities are termed traits. a. common b. surface c. source d. individual ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: The Trait Approach -Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less OBJ: 10.2.2 KEY: Fact 104. With respect to Gordon Allport’s theory, which type of trait does NOT belong with the other three? a. source b. cardinal c. central d. secondary ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Trait Approach -Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less OBJ: 10.2.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 105. According to Allport, some traits are so basic that all of a person’s activities can be traced to the existence of these traits. Allport calls such traits traits. a. common 25 b. cardinal c. central d. source ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Trait Approach -Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less OBJ: 10.2.2 KEY: Concept 106. Compassion was the overriding trait of Mother Theresa’s personality. According to Gordon Allport, when a trait, such as Mother Theresa’s compassion, is so basic and dominant that all of a person’s behavior can be traced to that trait, the trait is called a trait. a. common b. cardinal c. source d. primary ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Trait Approach -Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less OBJ: 10.2.2 KEY: Application 107. Historians tell us that all of Abraham Lincoln’s personality was dominated by the trait of honesty, which, according to Allport, would mean that this trait is a trait. a. common b. cardinal c. source d. primary ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Trait Approach -Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less OBJ: 10.2.2 KEY: Application 108. The basic building blocks that make up the core of personality are called traits. a. common b. behavioral c. cardinal d. central ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Trait Approach -Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less OBJ: 10.2.2 KEY: Fact 109. When people are asked to describe a person they know very well, they usually identify six to seven core traits that characterize this person’s personality. According to Allport, these core traits would be the person’s traits. a. source b. surface c. cardinal d. central ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: The Trait Approach -Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less OBJ: 10.2.2 KEY: Concept