(Test Bank) Conceptual Foundations

Friberg, 7

Nursing

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7th Edition

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TEST BANK FOR CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 7TH EDITION BY FRIBERG PRIMEXAM.COM Conceptual Foundations 7th Edition Friberg Test Bank Chapter 01: A Brief History of the Professionalization of Nursing in the United States Friberg: Conceptual Foundations: The Bridge to Professional Nursing, 7th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Historically, women were considered the obvious choice for nursing sick patients, because: a. caring for others was an extension of their homemaker role. b. early nurses were nuns, so the public was used to women in nursing. c. men, who had education, were reluctant to try nursing. d. women were often at home anyway, so caregiving was easy. ANS: A Women’s domestic role (as homemakers and mothers) was naturally associated with the caregiving required in nursing. Although religious orders did play a role in health care, it was the domestic duties of women that set the stage for their involvement in nursing. Widespread education for men and women is a fairly new phenomenon and did not play a role in the early history of nursing. Women did not care for sick or injured strangers in their homes, so being at home was irrelevant. 2. Florence Nightingale’s views about trained nurses were most influenced by her: a. experiences in wartime. b. ideas about sanitation. c. relationships with physicians. d. view of education. ANS: A Night ingale’s experiences in wNarUtiRmSe IdeNmGoTnBst.raCteOd Mto her that tr ained nu rses were valuable in decreasing morbidity and mortality among soldiers. Nightingale had revolutionary ideas about hospital sanitation, but these are not credited with her advocacy of using trained nurses. Early trained nurses were taught to follow the directions of the physician; collegial relationships were not a part of health care practice in Nightingale’s day. Nightingale’s views of education were influenced by her opinion on the value of trained nurses, not the other way around. 3. A nursing instructor explains to students that the major goal of the Society of Superintendents of Training Sc hools for Nurses of the United States and Canada was to: a. improve working conditions for students. b. obtain legal recognition for the profession. c. raise and standardize the training of nurses. d. reverse discrimination in admissions policies. ANS: C The goals of the Society of Superintendents were “to promote fellowship of members, to establish and maintain a universal standard of training, and to further the best interests of the nursing profession.” Students were expected to work in apprenticeships during their education in the hospital -based programs in existence at the time. Obtaining legal recognition for nurses was the goal of the Nurses’ Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada, later renamed the American Nurses Association. Discrimina tion in nursing existed well into the civil rights era and beyond, with men and women of color routinely being banned from admission and employment. TEST BANK FOR CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 7TH EDITION BY FRIBERG PRIMEXAM.COM 4. Today’s nurse understands that legal recognition for nurses was imperative to: a. allow nurses to expand beyond the hospital setting. b. lobby for better wages and working conditions. c. protect the public from untrained nurses. d. provide hospitals with accreditation requirements. ANS: C The goal of the Nurses’ Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada (renamed the American Nurses Association in 1912) was to protect the public from untrained nurses by securing legal recogni tion for trained nurses. Graduate nurses predominantly worked as private duty nurses up through the early 20th century. Wages remained low, and working conditions remained long and arduous in hospitals (and seasonal for private duty nurses) until hospitals began hiring more graduate nurses in the 1930s. Hospital accreditation is a recent phenomenon, unattached to legal recognition for nurses. 5. Which patient would most likely have been cared for in a hospital in the 19th to early 20th century? a. Dying patient b. Contagious patient c. Homeless patient d. Woman in labor ANS: C Hospitals were considered places for people who had no one else to care for them. Most patients were cared for in their homes. A dying patient probably would have been cared for at home. A patient with a communicable illness would have probably been confined to his or her home. Women in labor typically had their children at home. 6. Lillian Wald’s contribution to nursing can best be described as the: a. creation of community health nursing. b. development of college -based nursing schools. c. establishment of the Navy Nurse Corps. d. foundation of maternal -child nursing. ANS: A Wald responded to the changing social conditions in the late 1800s by establishing the Henry Street Settlement and Henry Street Visiting Nurse Services in response to the horrendous health conditions she witnessed in New York City. Wald was not involved in establishing college -based nursing programs. Wald was not involved in establishing the Navy Nurse Corps. Wald was not involved in establishing maternal -child nursing as a specialty, although she did care for many new mothers and their infants as part of her community nursing role. 7. Which event eventually led to the creation of military nursing? a. American Civil War b. Spanish -American War c. World War I d. World War II ANS: B TEST BANK FOR CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 7TH EDITION BY FRIBERG PRIMEXAM.COM During the Spanish -American War, trained nurses cared for soldiers suffering from yellow fever. This convinced the military and Congress of the need for qualified nurses and set the stage for the eventual creation of the Army Nurse Corps in 1901 and the Navy Nurse Corps in 1908. During the Civil War, both sides wanted women to care for injured and ill soldiers, but these women were mostly untrained volunteers from the midd le and upper classes. World War I occurred after the creation of the Army Nurse Corps and the Navy Nurse Corps. World War II occurred after the creation of the Army Nurse Corps and the Navy Nurse Corps. 8. A faculty nurse explaining the stratification in nursing roles seen today tells students that the most important event leading to this development was: a. desegregation in nursing. b. limited nursing opportunities. c. the Korean conflict. d. World War II. ANS: D The United States’ involvement in World War II dramatically increased the demand for trained nurses. To help fill this need, the American Red Cross and the Office of Civilian Defense co-established a program to train nurse aides. The success of the program encouraged hospitals to use employees with various levels of skill. Desegregation in nursing did come about in the same era as stratification, but it was not instrumental in creating this differentiated practice. Nursing opportunities were increasing throughout the 20th century. Role stratification was already entrenched by the Korean conflict. 9. Discrimination against African -American nurses began to wane during: a. Kennedy’s presidency. b. the civil rights era. c. the Vietnam War. d. World War II. ANS: D World War II saw discrimination against African Americans begin to wane with the end of segregation in the military Nurse Corps. At the end of World War II, many state nurses associations ended their discriminat ion in membership as well; by 1952, all state nurses associations had eliminated such discriminatory policies. Kennedy’s presidency, although known for civil rights advancements, was not when discrimination began to end. The civil rights era occurred at ap proximately the same time as the Kennedy era. The Vietnam War occurred at the same time as Kennedy’s presidency and civil rights era. 10. Between the years 1950 and 1967, the number of nurses and assistive personnel rose dramatically in part as a result of the influence of the: a. Children’s Bureau. b. Hill-Burton Act. c. Nurse Training Act. d. Social Security Act. ANS: C TEST BANK FOR CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 7TH EDITION BY FRIBERG PRIMEXAM.COM The Nurse Training Act provided funding for nursing student education through scholarships, loans, recruitment, school construction and maintenance, and special educational projects. Until its passage, federal funding for nursing education was modest at best. The Children’s Bureau was created in 1912 in response to concerns about women and children’s health. The Hill-Burton Act provided federal funds for hospital construction and health care centers. The Social Security Act of 1935 included financial aid for older adults and Title V health care benefits for children with disabilities. 11. Mildred Montag’s major contr ibution to nursing is considered to be: a. encouraging minority women and men to enter nursing. b. establishing associate degree nursing programs. c. fighting for improved wages and recognition for nurses. d. paving the way for the military to use trained nurses. ANS: B In response to the severe nursing shortage in the post –World War II years, Montag proposed a 2-year nursing associate degree that would prepare technical nurses in community colleges. Montag was not known for encouraging minorities and men to enter nursing. Montag’s major accomplishment was not fighting for improved wages and recognition. Montag was not involved in the military’s use of trained nurses. 12. Which nursing organizations are responsible for providing continuing education, establishing practice standards, and offering certification examinations for their members? a. Councils of nurse educators b. National specialty organizations c. State boards of nursing d. State nurses associations ANS: B National specialty organizations, such as the American Association of Critical Care Nurses, arose in response to the developing nursing specialties; these organizations offer continuing education, practice standards, and certification exams for their membe rs. Organizations that consist of nurse educators would be primarily concerned with nursing education. State boards of nursing are charged with the legal oversight of nursing in their respective states. State nurses associations are often lobbying and mark eting organizations for nursing within a specific state and act as the state arms of the American Nurses Association. 13. What influence did Loretta Ford and Henry Silver have on the nursing profession? a. Advocated for laws allowing autonomous practice b. Created a major scholarship for nursing education c. Designed the first doctoral nursing program d. Opened the first nurse practitioner program ANS: D Loretta Ford and Henry Silver opened the first nurse practitioner program (in pediatrics) at the University of Colorado in 1965. They did not advocate for laws allowing autonomous practice, create a major scholarship, or design the first nursing doctoral program. 14. What change is anticipated that will guide advanced practice nursing roles? a. Changes in federal funding for advanced education b. Declining demand for advanced practice roles TEST BANK FOR CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 7TH EDITION BY FRIBERG PRIMEXAM.COM c. Requirement of a doctor of nursing practice d. Third -party payer restrictions on this type of practice ANS: C If the American Association of Colleges of Nursing Board (AACN) leadership holds sway, the doctor of nursing practice (DNP) will be the requisite preparation for all advanced practice nursing roles, including the NP, CNS, certified nurse midwife, and certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA), in the ne ar future. It is not anticipated that there will be changes in federal funding for advanced education, a declining demand for advanced practice roles, or third -party payer restrictions on this type of practice in such a way that will guide advanced practice nursing roles as the requirement of a DNP will. MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Benefits of the apprenticeship model of nursing education included: ( Select all that apply. ) a. a well-trained graduate nursing hospital staff. b. opportunities for further education in nursing. c. providing a skilled but inexpensive workforce. d. providing working -class women employment. e. reforms in the care of sick and injured individuals. ANS: C, D, E Nursing students provided the staffing for hospitals in exchange for their education. Nursing gave working -class women employment alternatives to domestic or factory work. The use of skilled, trained nurses decreased morbidity and mortality, and this benef it was evident in both civilian and military health care. Graduate nurses were typically employed as private duty nurses and did not r emain workNinUgRiSn IhoNsGpiTtaBls.. FCuOrtMher education f or graduate nu rses was rare; a postdiploma program was opened in 1899, but the first undergraduate college nursing program was not opened until 1909. 2. When nursing registration laws were enacted, a “registered nurse” was defined as someone who had: ( Select all that apply. ) a. attended an acceptable nursing program. b. fit the definition of a professional nurse. c. had not been convicted of any felonies. d. passed a board evaluation examination. e. studied under a standardized curriculum. ANS: A, D One of the two criteria for being a registered nurse was having attended an acceptable nursing program. The other criterion for being a registered nurse was having passed a board examination. A weakness of the early registration laws was a lack of definiti on of professional nursing practice. Background checks were not part of the early registry laws. Universal education standards were still lacking in 1903 when the first registry law was passed in North Carolina. 3. Nurses in private duty positions faced several hardships, including: (Select all that apply. ) a. a shortage of nurses as schools limited enrollment. b. a surplus of nurses starting in the mid -1920s. c. employment that was sporadic and seasonal. TEST BANK FOR CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 7TH EDITION BY FRIBERG PRIMEXAM.COM d. opportunities primarily working with poorer families. e. pay that continued to be lower than other jobs. ANS: B, C, E The increased enrollment in schools led to a surplus of graduate nurses. Because communicable illnesses were often seen in the cooler months, employment for private duty nurses was seasonal. According to the Geister report (1926), nurses made less money than scrubwomen and worked in mostly short -term private duty cases. Schools were pressured to increase enrollment as the hospital census began to rise for the first time. O nly the middle to upper class could afford to hire private duty nurses. 4. Community health nursing has been vital in shaping America’s health system and nursing in general by providing: ( Select all that apply. ) a. advocacy regarding matters of health and welfare. b. autonomous nursing practice in patients’ homes. c. means to check on patients’ compliance with treatment. d. novel activities in health promotion and disease prevention. e. treatment that didn’t rely on the patient’s ability to pay. ANS: A, D Community hea lth nurses expanded nursing services to new areas, including school, industrial, tuberculosis, and infant welfare nursing. They combined their training and knowledge to educate the public and served as the backbone for the Maternal and Infant Act of 1921. Community health nurses combined their training and knowledge to bring education to the public to promote health and well -being. Private duty nurses had always been the mainstay of nursing work; these nurses worked semi -autonomously in patients’ h omes. A system for determining compliance was not a part of the developing health care system in this country. The use of communit yNhUeRalSthInNuGrsTinBg.inCcOreMased because of concern with the public ’s health, not the patient’s ability to pay. 5. Social events surrounding the Great Depression that had a major impact on American’s emerging health care system included: ( Select all that apply. ) a. Blue Cross was developed as a prepaid health insurance plan. b. large hospitals experienced increasing numbers of nonp aying patients. c. many hospitals found their nursing schools too expensive to operate. d. nurses were hired in hospitals in increasing numbers. e. religious orders began supplying trained nurses, cutting the cost of nursing. ANS: A, B, C, D The development of Blue Cross helped hospitals’ financial stability by providing patients who were able to pay for care. Large hospitals, particularly those in cities, experienced more patients who needed medical care but were unable to afford it because o f the economic hardships of the Depression. A total of 570 training programs for nurses were closed because of prohibitive costs during the decade of the Depression. As hospital care became more sophisticated, more nurses were hired as staff. By 1941, more than 100,000 registered nurses were employed in hospitals. Religious orders did not provide trained nurses to hospitals to decrease the cost of the nursing staff. 6. The development of associate degree (AD) nursing programs has had which effect on nursing today? (Select all that apply. ) a. A wider student pool has been able to study nursing. TEST BANK FOR CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 7TH EDITION BY FRIBERG PRIMEXAM.COM b. AD programs have helped ease the nursing shortage. c. Hospitals have been influenced to close their training programs. d. Social status for graduates of nursing programs has improved. e. The public has suffered some confusion about nursing education. ANS: A, B, C, E Nontraditional students, such as mothers and older students, have found it convenient to study nursing at community colleges. More nurses enter the profession via AD programs than through baccalaureate and diploma programs combined. As college education for nurses became more widespread and accepted, hospital directors became convinced to close thei r expensive programs, lessening the burden of hiring a professional nursing staff. The public and nursing suffer from confusion about the educational requirements for becoming a registered nurse. AD programs do not necessarily contribute to the improved so cial status of nurses. 7. Enrollment in college -based nursing programs was initially hindered by: ( Select all that apply. ) a. a lack of qualified applicants. b. little social and financial support. c. poorly trained faculty members. d. restrictive admissions criteria. ANS: A, B Nursing education differed from medical education, which had seen a rise in stature as a result of social support and financial endowments. Aspiring nurses found the time and monetary commitment to be too great compared with diploma programs. Poorly trained faculty members were not a factor in limited enrollment into college programs. Restrictive admissions criteria were not a factor in limNitUedReSnIroNllGmTenBt .inCtoOcMollege programs. 8. Men in nursing in the early to mid-20th-century faced which barriers to practice and education? (Select all that apply. ) a. Denial of professional status in the military b. Frequent use of trained nurses as orderlies c. Limited areas of health care in which to practice d. Physical inability to perform delicate tasks e. Societal bias that nursing was women’s work ANS: A, B, C, E Men in nursing faced multiple barriers, including denial of professional status in the military, the frequent use of trained nurses as orderlies, limited employment opportunities (e.g., in psychiatric care), and a societal belief that nursing was strictly women’s work. Men are physically able to perform delicate tasks. TEST BANK FOR CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 7TH EDITION BY FRIBERG PRIMEXAM.COM Chapter 02: Academic Progression Friberg: Conceptual Foundations: The Bridge to Professional Nursing, 7th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A faculty member explains to students that one concern of the American Nurses Association’s 1965 position statement designating the baccalaureate degree (BSN) as the educational entry point for nursing is that: a. diploma programs remain the most popular educational program for nurses. b. it is difficult to monitor other programs for congruency with BSN programs. c. multiple educational paths create confusion for the public and the profession. d. some states are creating different licensure exams for different pathways. ANS: C The existence of multiple entry paths for nursing education is confusing both to the public and to aspiring nursing students, who may have difficulty understanding and comprehending the differences and what they mean. Diploma programs have declined sharply in number, with only 47 programs remaining in the United States in 2013. The ANA does not monitor different programs to evaluate congruency with BSN programs. States are not creating different licensure examinations for graduates of different programs. 2. A hospital -based nursing administrator is responsible for the diploma nursing program affiliated with that hospital. In deciding to keep the program open, the administrator develops changes that address a major historical concern with this type of program. In doing so, the administrator would most likely: a. arrange for faculty from th eNlUocRaSl cIoNllGegTeBto.tCeaOcMh science courses. b. limit the hours students are expected to work in the hospital. c. lower the tuition rate and apply for increased federal student grants. d. require nursing faculty to be doctorally prepared to remain on staff. ANS: B Diploma students were traditionally expected to staff the hospital with which their program was affiliated, often to the detriment of their educational experiences. This exploitation was described in several important studies of nursing education. Traditional diploma programs do not offer college credit, no matter who teaches the courses. Diploma programs were expensive to operate and expensive to students, and this had a part in their decreasing numbers. Federal funding (through a variety of means) is available for individual students, and although it is administered by institutions, it is not granted to the institution itself. Requiring doctorally prepared faculty would not address an historic concern with diploma education. 3. In analyzing trends within the profession that are correlated to the rise in baccalaureate nursing (BSN) programs, the nurse historian would outline that: a. degree inflation is contributing to the demand for BSN programs. b. increased social status and pay correspond to education at the college level. c. men in nursing demand an increase in BSN programs compared with other programs. d. the rise in doctorally prepared nurses corresponds to an increase in BSN programs. ANS: D TEST BANK FOR CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 7TH EDITION BY FRIBERG PRIMEXAM.COM BSN programs were often hampered by the lack of faculty prepared to teach at the collegiate level, which led to a reluctance of colleges and universities to establish BSN programs. Doctoral programs have been preparing nurse scholars and researchers, who have contributed to nursing’s scientific backbone. The rise in these programs can be seen as a parallel develo pment with the rise in BSN programs. The proliferation of advanced degrees in nursing is not the result of degree inflation; rather, it is a response to the increased sophistication and complexity of the health care environment today. Although nurses today do enjoy better pay and improved social status than in the past, this trend is not strongly correlated to the rise in BSN programs. Men in nursing are not a driving force for the increase in BSN programs. 4. A member of a state board of nursing explains to senior nursing students that liberal arts, communication, and health care policy are all appropriate subjects for study in a BSN program because: a. a broad range of knowledge is important to work with educated consumers. b. as nurses they will care for patients from increasingly diverse backgrounds. c. physicians rely on the nursing staff to educate their patients on such issues. d. they are prepared to assume entry -level leadership positions in various settings. ANS: D BSN -prepared nurses are able to function as generalists and as entry -level leaders in a multitude of settings, leading to the need for inclusion of topics other than nursing care in their education. Consumers are more educated today than before, but this is not germane to the inclusion of these topics in nursing education. Diversity is increasing, but this is not related to the need for education in liberal arts and health care policy. These topics are not taught so that nurses can teach their patients. 5. A nursing d ean in a baccalaureNatUe RnuSrsIinNgG(TBBSN.)CpOrMogram wishes to create a program that meets the needs of multiple and diverse students, responds to current trends, and increases enrollment. What modification to the existing program would best meet this goal? a. Allow RNs to validate community health nursing through volunteer work. b. Bring faculty and classes to major hospitals employing non-BSN nurses. c. Create seamless entry points and tracts for RN and second -degree students. d. Find alternative times and days for classroom and clinical experiences. ANS: C TEST BANK FOR CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 7TH EDITION BY FRIBERG PRIMEXAM.COM A large group of diploma and associate degree (ADN) nurses could benefit from seamless entry points and BSN tracts designed especially for them. Another group of potential BSN -prepared nurses consists of individuals changing careers after completing degrees in other fields. Programs to address the needs of these students have proliferated. RN -BSN and accelerated nursing programs that are seamless and easy to navigate would go far in help ing nursing meet the goal of the National Advisory Council for Nursing Education that at least two thirds of the nursing workforce hold a BSN or higher degree. Programs that offer specialized tracts for RNs and second -degree students would also help ease t he nursing shortage because they are typically shorter in duration. Although the inclusion of community health nursing was an early differentiator between diploma and BSN programs, BSN programs have expanded well beyond this, and coursework for the BSN is more varied and complex than just simply adding a course in community health nursing. Bringing faculty and classes to major hospitals might make it more convenient for non -BSN nurses to complete their degrees, but the logistics would be difficult, and enrollment might be small. This also only capitalizes on the non -BSN nurse working in hospitals and does not address the needs of second -degree students or those employed in other settings. Alternati ve days and times for classroom and clinical experiences may help those who are juggling family or work commitments but would not address current trends in nursing or specifically meet the needs of students with diverse educational backgrounds. 6. An advance d-degree nurse working in a hospital is responsible for evaluating and synthesizing new knowledge and applying it to the population with whom he or she works. Other nurses recognize that this nurse probably has which degree? a. Doctor of nursing practice (DNP) b. Doctor of nursing science (DNSc) c. Doctor of philosophy (PhD) d. Nursing doctorate (ND) ANS: A The clinical practice doctorate in nursing is the DNP. This degree would prepare the nurse to translate and apply knowledge to the clinical setting rather than be responsible for generating new knowledge. The DNSc (or DNS) degree is a research -focused degree culminating in preparing and defending the student’s dissertation. The PhD is another degree awarded to nurses completing a research -focused doctoral level program. The holder of this degree must also prepare and defend a dissertation based on original research. The ND degree, originally intended for research utilization, has lost favor, with only four schools granting it in 2004. With the advent of the DNP program, ND programs made the transition to the DNP model. 7. To discriminate between the two major branches of doctoral education for nurses, the aspiring student would classify the differences between them as primarily: a. cognate versus practice emphasis. b. knowledge formulation versus utilization. c. systems generation versus systems thinking. d. tool generation versus tool application. ANS: B TEST BANK FOR CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 7TH EDITION BY FRIBERG PRIMEXAM.COM The main difference between the two programs of study is that the research -focused programs (PhD and DNSc) produce scholars who are capable of generating new knowledge, but the practice -focused programs (DNP) produce highly specialized practitioners who use knowledge in the clinical setting. The DNSc program is gradually being phased out. Both types of doctoral programs have cognate core courses. The DNP programs do prepare their graduates in highly skilled systems thinking, but the research -focused program s do not restrict their emphasis to the creation of new systems. Tool generation may be part of a research study but is not necessarily a component. 8. A potential nursing student is worried about the cost of attending a baccalaureate degree program. After examining the available options, the student would conclude that which of the following is probably the best route for an affordable education? a. Attending an in-state government -sponsored institution b. Investigating work -study options at all program types c. Obtaining scholarships to attend a private institution d. Working part time while attending nursing school ANS: A State - and government -sponsored institutions are nearly always much less expensive than private education and give significant tuition discounts to in-state students. Work -study plans are just one component of financial aid. Although obtaining work -study financing will help with the cost of the education, this alone may not offer significant reduction in actual costs, especially if the student atte nds a private school. Scholarships for private institutions can significantly decrease the cost of attending, but students may not be eligible or may not be awarded scholarships because they are based on need or scholarship or a combination of both. Consid ering that private education is usually signifi cantly more expensive t hNaUn RpuSbIliNc GedTuBca.tiConOaMt a gov ernment-sponsor ed college, this option is not the most affordable, but it should be investigated because the possibility does exist for this option to make education quite affordable. Working part time will probably not gain the student enough income to make a significant difference in the cost of attending college. 9. A prospective nursing student is researching nursing schools. One of the schools is fully accredited by the CCNE, has no history of adverse actions taken by its state board of nursing, and is staffed by faculty members who appear to be appropriately creden tialed for their positions. What inference can the student make about this program? a. CCNE accreditation is the only option for nursing school accreditation. b. Faculty credentials have little bearing on the quality of nursing programs. c. The findings ensure that the program meets at least minimal requirements. d. This is a top-rated program whose graduates are ultimately successful. ANS: C Students are protected from marginal programs by both regional and specialty accreditation and by approval of the program by state legal regulatory bodies, specifically state boards of nursing. Accreditation by specialty bodies means that programs at least meet, and may exceed, minimum standards. Faculty qualifications are a vital component when assessing program quality. Both the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) and the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) are approved by the Department of Education as official accreditations agencies. TEST BANK FOR CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 7TH EDITION BY FRIBERG PRIMEXAM.COM The information described means that the school at least meets basic requirements; however, it does not help rank it. Perhaps a better measure of the rank of schools can be found in the percentage of first -time writers of the board examination who are successf ul over several years. 10. A nurse practicing in a specialty area wishes to be recognized for the specialized skill set and knowledge obtained in order to be an effective member of the health care team serving that particular patient population. The nurse would best complete this goal by: a. completing a rigorous continuing education program. b. gaining admission to a graduate nursing degree program. c. obtaining a secondary license in that area of practice. d. passing the certification examination in that particular specialty. ANS: D Certification by specialty nursing organizations recognizes the knowledge and clinical practices associated with high -quality practice in a specialty area of nursing. Continuing education is vital and is required to maintain nursing licensure, but it will not ensure public and professional recognition for proficiency in a specialty area. Gaining admission to a graduate degree program is admirable, but it will not reward current knowledge and skill with recognition. A higher degree focuses on attainment of new knowledge. There are no secondary licenses. 11. A panel of nursing deans and faculty has met to discuss increasing the number of baccalaureate -prepared nurses in a mostly rural state. What collaborative project could the panel design that would be best for meeting this goal? a. A summ er-intensive p rograNmUwRhSeIreNsGtuTdeBn.tsClOivMe and study at the unive rsity during the summer b. A “weekend college” program offered every other weekend at the university for working RNs c. An on -campus accelerated -track BSN program designed for the student who has a degree in another area d. An online program with outlying clinical sites that are run jointly between the university and community c olleges ANS: D An online program would greatly enhance accessibility. More nurses are educated in associate degree programs from junior or community colleges than in either diploma or BSN programs. The coursework would be directed and taught by faculty wit h appropriate credentials for teaching at the BSN level, and clinical experiences could be managed locally by community college faculty with supervision by the parent university faculty. In a mostly rural state, creating a summer -intensive program where students would still have to live and study outside their hometowns does not increase accessibility. The weekend college idea would still require students from the rural areas to travel per haps long distances to attend school. Programs designed to capture non-nursing majors who wish to enter nursing are growing in popularity, but this does not improve accessibility for the rural population. 12. An analysis of the three major types of basic nursing education would reveal to the student that the biggest difference in programs is that: TEST BANK FOR CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 7TH EDITION BY FRIBERG PRIMEXAM.COM a. ADN nurses lack the education in community health that other program graduates have. b. BSN nurses are educated to work independently and enter leadership roles. c. collegiate experiences in BSN programs ensure that graduates have a well-rounded education. d. diploma graduates are trained to function under the supervision of a BSN nurse. ANS: B BSN programs include coursework in liberal arts, humanities, leadership, and management, enabling the BSN graduate to use sound critical thinking skills, to function independently as a generalist nurse, and to assume entry -level leadership roles. Although ADN nurses do not usually have community health in their curricula, this is not the biggest difference among programs. Associate degree programs are also offered in collegiate environments, including junior and community colleges and universities. Diploma graduates were envisioned as complete bedside nurses. The ADN nurse is a technical nurse trained to function under direct BSN supervision. 13. A recent high school graduate wants to pursue registered nursing education in the local community. What type of program would this student most likely investigate? a. Associate degree program b. Baccalaureate degree program c. Diploma program d. Licensed practical nurse program ANS: A The associate degree program is often offered at local community colleges. Baccalaureate programs are usually fo und at lNarUgRerScIolNleGgTesBo.r CunOivMersities. The few remaining diploma programs are associated with hospitals. Because the nurse wants RN education, a licensed practical nurse program would not be considered. 14. A registered nurse is considering doctoral programs but is concerned with accessibility. Which type of program is probably most accessible to this RN? a. Clinical nurse leader program b. Nursing doctorate (ND) program c. Practice -focused program d. Research -focused program ANS: C The practice -focused doctoral programs are growing rapidly as APRN programs are converting to the DNP. The clinical nurse leader is a master’s level education. The ND programs are being phased out. The research -focused programs are less accessible than the practice -focused programs. 15. The student of nursing history learns what information about the advent of nursing education? a. Baccalaureate programs caught on quickly after being started. b. Collegiate forces advocated for early university education. c. Early programs were patterned after the Nightingale model. d. Physicians were against using any trained nurse in hospitals. ANS: C TEST BANK FOR CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 7TH EDITION BY FRIBERG PRIMEXAM.COM The earliest nursing education occurred in hospital -based programs patterned after the Nightingale mode l of collegiate nursing education. However, anticollegiate forces prevailed, and the diploma process became the standard for nursing education. Baccalaureate programs did not catch on well until after World War II. Physicians recognized the value of a trained nursing staff. 16. A university nursing dean is particularly interested in attracting more male students. What action by the dean would most likely result in the best outcome for this goal? a. Create an accelerated baccalaureate degree program. b. Establish a “fast track” program for business leaders. c. Partner with the local community college on seamless entry. d. Recruit heavily among male -dominated occupations. ANS: A Accelerated BSN programs are an important point of entry for underrepresented groups in nursing, including men. Although it may be difficult to recruit men directly from high school, the accelerated program offers men an attractive way to change careers la ter in life. Business leaders may not be all male. A seamless transition from an associate degree to an RN-completion degree is an important step in increasing the number of BSN -prepared nurses but does not specifically target men. Recruiting men from trad itional “male” occupations may or may not be successful. MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. In comparing and contrasting licensed practical nursing (LPN) programs with associate degree (ADN) programs, the potential nursing student notices similarities between the two, including: (Select all that apply. ) NURSINGTB.COM a. both programs prepare graduates to be supervised by BSN nurses. b. graduates of both programs are considered to be technical nurses. c. licensure exams for graduates of both programs are interchangeable. d. LPN and ADN programs offer similar college credit for coursework. e. the programs both take a similar length of time to complete. ANS: A, B Both the LPN and ADN programs envision nurses who will be supervised by higher prepared RNs. Both the LPN and ADN programs prepare nurses who are considered technical in nature. Whereas the LPN takes the NCLEX -PN examination, the ADN graduate takes the NCLEX -RN examination. LPN programs often do not carry college credit, which makes it difficult to matriculate into RN programs. LPN programs generally are 9 to 15 months long, whereas ADN programs are typically 2 years in duration. 2. In evaluating the success of a clinical nurse leader (CNL) program, a nursing dean would determine that program goals had been met when graduates were able to successfully: ( Select all that apply. ) a. demonstrate leadership in hospital nursing departments. b. function effectively in an advanced specialty nursing role. c. oversee care coordination of a distinct group of patients. d. provide direct patient care in complex situations. e. supervise ancillary and adjunctive nursing staff members. TEST BANK FOR CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 7TH EDITION BY FRIBERG PRIMEXAM.COM ANS: C, D One of the two major roles of the CNL is to oversee the care coordination of a distinct group of patients. The other major role of the CNL is to provide direct patient care in complex situations. CNLs design and implement care and are accountable for care outcomes, but they do not necessarily serve in departmental leadership positions. CNLs are con sidered generalists, not specialists. The CNL role is not designed as a direct supervisory role, such as a charge nurse. 3. A high school guidance counselor is working with a student who wants to attend a baccalaureate nursing school. The counselor explains that the main considerations when choosing a nursing program are: ( Select all that apply. ) a. accessibility. b. cost. c. location. d. program length. e. quality. ANS: A, B, E Accessibility is one of three major considerations when choosing a nursing program. Cost is one of the three major considerations when choosing a nursing program. Quality is one of the three major considerations when choosing a nursing program. Location may be important to students either wishing or not wishing to relocate, but it is not generall y one of the major considerations in choosing a program. Nearly all baccalaureate programs are designed to be 4 years in length, assuming a full-time load. 4. A nurse is discussing certification with a co -worker and explains that goals of the certification process include: (Select all tha tNaUpRplSy.I) NGTB.COM a. endorsing demonstrated knowledge. b. enhancing nurses’ professionalism. c. helping boost pay scales for nursing. d. providing for differentiated practice. e. serving as a quality control activity. ANS: A, B, E Certification is directed to endorsing demonstrated knowledge and skill associated with high-quality performance in a specialty area. Certification also enhances professionalism and allows the public and other professionals to recognize those with professional achievements. Certification does serve as a quality control activity, because nurses who obtain certification must demonstrate superior knowledge and clinical behaviors. Certifi cation does not include boosting pay scales as a goal, although in some institutions, certified nurses do receive a monetary benefit. Although many certification exams require a BSN, differentiating practice is not a goal of certification. 5. A nursing dean oversees a BSN program that is taught partially online. In evaluating program effectiveness and sustainability, the dean should pay special attention to the: ( Select all that apply. ) a. effect of online learning on the process of professional socialization. b. comparison of online graduates’ NCLEX -RN pass rates with traditional BSN pass rates. c. consequences of distance education on availability of financial aid. TEST BANK FOR CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 7TH EDITION BY FRIBERG PRIMEXAM.COM d. correlation of online learning strategies with students’ learning needs. e. impact of dista nce technology needs on donor willingness to contribute. ANS: A, B, C, D Professional socialization can be profoundly affected by distance technology and should be evaluated during reviews of program effectiveness. Socialization into the professional role is vital to maintain ethical and moral standards. A comparison of board pass rates will allow evaluation of the effectiveness of both program types. Students’ abili ty to obtain financial aid may be affected by distance education, particularly when looking for work -study positions, tutoring, and assistantships. Matching student learning needs with online teaching styles to create effective learning environments would be another area to evaluate. Donations, although important, would be a secondary consideration. Not all donors designate their contributions to specific needs. 6. A nursing dean wants to recruit students who more closely match demographic trends. In planning activities with the marketing department, the dean should plan activities to attract: (Select all that apply. ) a. students with disabilities. b. ethnic minorities. c. men. d. recent high school graduates. e. underemployed groups. ANS: B, C Ethnic and racial minorities make up only about 18% of nursing students in baccalaureate and graduate programs today. The trends reflect growing ethnic and racial diversity in the country. Men account for only 10% of BSN students today despite making up approximately 50% of the popul ation. R ecent high schNoUolRgSraIdNuaGteTsBa.reCnOoMt included in d emogr aphic trends. Underemployed groups rise and fall sporadically with economic changes and are not reflected in trends that nursing schools typically follow. Recruitment of disabled students is not a trend in nursing school admissions. 7. When analyzing the development of nursing education for a research paper, the nursing student notes that certain factors have been important contributors to the current system of nursing education in this country, including: ( Select all that apply. ) a. changing demographics. b. cost of education. c. historical events. d. societal health care needs. e. women’s roles. ANS: C, D Historical events, particularly wars, were vital contributors to our current system of nursing education. Changes in the health care needs of society have helped spur the development of our current system of nursing education. Changing demographics were not responsible for the current system of nursing education. The cost of education was not germane to the rise of our current system of nursing education. Women’s roles were not important in the development of our current system of nursing education. TEST BANK FOR CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 7TH EDITION BY FRIBERG PRIMEXAM.COM 8. A potential nursing student is evaluating a local hospital -based diploma program. The student favors this program because several relatives are alumni. In helping the student critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of this program, what informatio n does the high school guidance counselor offer? (Select all that apply. ) a. Courses typically do not carry any college credit for transfer. b. Diploma programs are not accredited by any national organization. c. Short program duration leads to career entry sooner than other programs. d. Students typically have strong clinical skills upon graduation. e. Tuition in these programs is often the least expensive. ANS: A, D Diploma programs usually graduate nurses with strong clinical skills, but courses usually do not carry an y college credit. Diploma programs are accredited and graduates are eligible for the NCLEX -RN examination. These programs are typically 2 to 3 years long. Tuition in community colleges is usually the cheapest option. NURSINGTB.COM TEST BANK FOR CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 7TH EDITION BY FRIBERG PRIMEXAM.COM Chapter 03: Beyond Professional Socialization Friberg: Conceptual Foundations: The Bridge to Professional Nursing, 7th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. An experienced nurse has accepted a new role in administration. Supervisors can best support this transition by assisting the nurse to: a. learn the unspoken rules of the new role. b. manage time and other people effectively. c. obtain education regarding the new job. d. redefine the nurse’s professional identity. ANS: D A nurse changing roles would be expected to experience resocialization, in which the nurse needs to redefine his or her professional identity to fit the new role. Administrative support in adapting to the new role via socialization is crucial to a successful transition. Learning the unspoken rules of the new role might be important depending on the organizational culture in which the nurse has taken an administrative role, but it would not be the best choice. Managing time and other people effectively is not the best choice because there is no information here suggesting that part of the new role includes directly managing others. Obtaining information about the new job would be important, bu t it would not be the best choice. 2. A nursing faculty member would judge that activities designed to foster socialization in students have been successful when the students: a. are able to communi cate inNaUn RefSfeIctNivGeTmBa.nnCeOr Mwith oth er health care providers. b. incorporate professional values, norms, and behaviors into their self-identities. c. learn the legal and ethical standards required to practice as a professional nurse. d. understand the complexities of their new, multifaceted role in health care today. ANS: B Students must incorporate the values, skills, behaviors, and norms appropriate to nursing into their self -identities in a process called socialization, which begins in nursing school and occurs again as nurses change roles or jobs. Professional and effective communication is a vital part of working in a multidisciplinary team, but it does not demonstrate socialization. Understanding legal and ethical standards is important to today’s nurse s, but this is not the best choice for two reasons: First, simply learning the standards is not enough; one must act on them. Second, this is not all that is involved in the socialization process. Being able to understand the complexities of the nursing role today is something that the student will not truly understand until immersed in the first job. This is not directly related to socialization into a profession such as nursing. 3. A nursing dean oversees an RN-BSN program and is evaluating whether or not program objectives have been met. The success of this program can be demonstrated when: a. attitudes of the returning RN students are reinforced in their identities. b. graduates are proficient in new subjects learned during the program. c. RNs resocialize into the role of baccalaureate -prepared nurses. d. the nurses can articulate why having a BSN should be a requirement. ANS: C TEST BANK FOR CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 7TH EDITION BY FRIBERG PRIMEXAM.COM Socialization occurs at three important points in a nurse’s career: when a new graduate leaves the educational setting and begins work as a professional nurse; when an experienced nurse changes work settings; and when the nurse takes on new roles, such as returning to school. The hope is that graduates will leave school with changes in behaviors and attitudes that reflect their new status as baccalaureate -prepared nurses. It would be important for graduates to have a strong understanding of the subjects they encounter when they are back in school, but this choice is too narrow to supp ort meeting broad goals. Nurses articulating that the BSN should be required are too narrow in focus to demonstrate that the program’s goals have been met. 4. A nursing manager recognizes that a registered nurse has a strong sense of professional identity when which behavior is seen? a. Joins professional organizations and attends their conferences. b. Participates in unit governance and on hospital -wide committees. c. Reappraises own professionalism as new technologies and roles evolve. d. Relies on historical meaning s of professionalism to guide practice. ANS: C As new technologies and roles develop, nurses must continually reappraise their professional identities and ensure congruent socialization with emerging trends. History does give background and context for socialization but is not as important as adapting to the current state of affairs. Joining organizations, attending conferences, and being active on committees are all part of socialization and one’s professional identity, but the larger scope of this concept revolves around maintaining a sound professional identity in the face of ongoing changes. 5. A nursing faculty would determine that a student was developing a strong sense of professional identity when the NstUudReSntItaNkGesTwBh.icChOaMction? a. Writes a paper describing nursing as being available to help patients and physicians. b. Establishes a discussion group to debate interdisciplinary care activities. c. Starts a letter writing campaign to boycott products advertised by “sexy nurses.” d. Volunteers to serve the community at a free flu shot clinic for the uninsured. ANS: C Nurses who have a strong sense of professional identity work to change perceptions that nurses and non-nurses carry about the profession. Starting a letter writi ng boycott campaign to protest the use of a negative stereotype of nurses to sell a product is an excellent example of this in action. Although nurses do assist in many different ways, a nurse with a strong professional identity will advocate for a more equitable role for nurses in health care. Establishing a discussion group does not reveal what the nursing student feels about interdisciplinary care and the role of nursing in these activities. Volunteering is a respected and desired activity, but it does not strongly suggest the student’s view of his or her professional identity. 6. A hospital director of nursing (DON) establishes a hospital -wide committee to process the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report “The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health” and to create unit -based activities that support its recommendations. A unit manager asks about the importance of the endeavor. What response by the DON is best? a. If nursing doesn’t change with the times, the future of the discipline is threatened. b. Nursing has to remodel itself according to the mandates of the report. TEST BANK FOR CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 7TH EDITION BY FRIBERG PRIMEXAM.COM c. Operationalizing the report allows nurses to drive health care reform. d. Patient safety will be adversely affected if nursing doesn’t transform itself. ANS: C The IOM has id entified nurses as key leaders in driving the reform and work to be done to reshape health care delivery in the United States. It is important that all nurses become educated and knowledgeable about this report, understand its implications for the future of the discipline, identify ways that individual nurses can get involved in implementing the recommendations, and educate others on what needs to be done. The other options all have elements of truth to them, but the broad implication is that nursing must lead the reform of health care. 7. A nurse manager is evaluating staff members for the strength of their professional identity and ability to contribute to the profession into the future. Which nurse best demonstrates these qualities? a. Consistently incorporat es knowledge, judgment, and ethics into everyday situations. b. Provides information on the latest research findings related to patient populations. c. Serves as the research “champion” on the hospital unit–based council structure. d. Uses evidence -based practice consistently when working with patients. ANS: A A nurse who consistently incorporates knowledge, judgment, and ethics into everyday situations best demonstrates these qualities. Although providing information on the latest research findings, serving as the research “champion,” and using evidence -based practice consistently are important actions, they are not as strong as indicators of professional identity and the potential for future professional contributions as incorporating knowledge, judgment, and ethics into everyday situatiNonUsR. SINGTB.COM MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Which of the following does the nursing student learn about professional socialization? (Select all that apply. ) a. Everyday experiences are vital for professional socialization. b. Interaction with peers can have a positive or negative effect. c. Knowledge, skills, and behaviors contribute to socialization. d. Norms and values are more important than skill to socialization. e. Socialization happens during a memorable event in time. ANS: A, B, C Professional socialization is a complex process that reflects four critical attributes: learning, interaction, development, and adaptation. Interaction with peers can have both negative and positive effects and contribute to either a positive or negative socialization process. Socialization does not happen through one salient event but rather through continuous exposure. 2. The faculty member understands that nursing schools contribute strongly to the process of socialization in which ways? (Select all that a pply. ) a. Assisting students to commit to nursing values b. Developing students’ understanding of ethics TEST BANK FOR CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 7TH EDITION BY FRIBERG PRIMEXAM.COM c. Grading students on professional socialization d. Helping students develop professional identities e. Requiring participation in professional organizations ANS: A, B, C Nursing education is strong in ways of teaching that effectively assist students to develop a deep sense of professional identity, commit to the values of the profession, and act with ethical comportment. Grading behavior is part of providing feedback to enable students to gain a professional identity but is not a specific strength of education. Requiring participation in professional organizations does not specifically encourage the development of professional identity. 3. A nurse is giving a report to the hospital nursing counsel on the Institute of Medicine’s report: “The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health.” What broad goals does the nurse report on? (Select all that apply. ) a. Credentialing will continue to be the best way to advance practice. b. Nurses should be allowed to practice to the extent of their capabilities. c. Nursing should be included as an equal partner in health care reform. d. The nursing workforce is encouraged to attain higher levels of education. e. Workforce data collection needs infrastructure to enable meaningful use. ANS: B, C, D, E The IOM’s report’s key messages and related recommendations affirm and encourage professional nurses to practice fully, achieve higher levels of education, become full partners in providing and reforming health care, and develop an infrastructure for workforce data collection. Credentialing is not one of the key recommendations. 4. An astute practition er recognizNesUtRhaSt IthNe GdyTnBa.mCicOpMrocess of nursing includ es which possibilities? (Select all that apply. ) a. Engaged stakeholder: speaking up and establishing leadership within the system b. Expert learner: engaging in lifelong learning and synthesizing learning into practice c. Innovation catalyst: developing new technologies an d conducting research d. Interprofessional collaborator: being an advocate to promote systems -level change e. Reflective practitioner: reflecting on whether or not new knowledge is relevant ANS: A, B, D The engaged stakeholder will no longer remain silent and accept others’ expectations but will develop leadership skills to position them to serve as advocates and change agents. The expert learner engages in lifelong learning and takes the time to synthesi ze new learning into practice. The interprofessional collaborator is an advocate for patients, families, and communities and for systems -level change. The innovation catalyst rejects old ways of thinking and doing to see, do, and be in the profession of nu rsing. The reflective practitioner is able to think systematically about actions and responses in a manner that allows transformed perspective and reframing for determination of future actions and response. TEST BANK FOR CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 7TH EDITION BY FRIBERG PRIMEXAM.COM Chapter 04: Professional Nursing Roles Friberg: Conceptual Foundations: The Bridge to Professional Nursing, 7th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A military recruiter would point out to a potential male RN recruit that: a. approximately one third of all the nurses in the armed forces are men. b. not all branches of the military allow men in nursing positions. c. opportunities for men in nursing are limited and highly competitive. d. the number of military male nurses is similar to civilian numbers. ANS: A A total of 35.5% of Army nurses, 30% of Air Force nurses, and 36% of Navy nurses are men. All three branches allow men to serve as nurses. Opportunities for men in the military are not limited, as can be seen by the high percentage of men in nursing in the armed services. Although close to one third of all military nurses are men, only 9.6% of nurses in the civilian workforce are men. 2. A nursing dean who wishes to determine whether students had developed a beginning sense of nursing identity would appraise the students’: a. ability to articulate expected behaviors. b. commitment to remain in their chosen field. c. emotional connection to the profession. d. understanding of the history of nursing. ANS: C Identity r efers to an orientationNtoUwRaSrdIsNoGmTetBh.inCg OasMsociated with a strong emotional attachment. Being a nurse is about executing a number of roles in service to health and health care that are intertwined with the identity, talents, and values of each individual. This identity provides substance and motivation for work, which leads to an emotional connection to the profession. The ability to articulate expected behaviors is not the definition of identity. Commitment does not necessarily reflect identity. Understanding history does not lead to identity. 3. In describing what it means to be a nurse, a student tells friends and family that caring in nursing: a. only includes using nonscientific methods when choosing appropriate interventions. b. is easy to teach by experienced mentors for whom it comes naturally. c. is overlooked when judging a student’s clinical performance. d. means much more than physically caring for someone’s needs. ANS: D Caring implies physical care, concern for the whole person, commitment to the common good, and outreach to vulnerable persons, according to the National League for Nursing. Caring involves devotion to the nurse’s clients, as well as using science and expertise in the relationship. Caring is not easy to teach; it involves compassion and emp athy and seeing appropriate emotions in the student in response to the patient’s pain and suffering. The ability to demonstrate caring is —and should be —evaluated in clinical evaluations. TEST BANK FOR CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 7TH EDITION BY FRIBERG PRIMEXAM.COM 4. A nursing supervisor thinks that a staff nurse serving on several multidisciplinary committees is not demonstrating collaborative practice behaviors. What behavior by the staff nurse would best illustrate the supervisor’s opinion? The staff nurse: a. agrees w ith, but does not incorporate, other disciplines’ input. b. does not listen to viewpoints and opinions of other disciplines. c. feels nursing is the only viewpoint for analyzing patient issues. d. is territorial and unwilling to share the patients’ care plans. ANS: A The nurse who indicates agreement with others’ suggestions but then does not incorporate them is not being collaborative. True collaboration involves a mix of different viewpoints and opinions to understand and solve complex issues. Working together tow ard common purposes, improving health, respecting shared strengths, offering effective peer review, caring, and compassion are fundamental to the profession. The nurse who does not listen to viewpoints and opinions of other disciplines falls well short of collaboration; this nurse is not even cooperating with others. The nurse who thinks nursing is the only viewpoint for analyzing patient issues is most likely not even listening to the input of others and being uncooperative. The nurse who is territorial and unwilling to share the patients’ care plans not only is uncooperative and noncollaborative, but also seems to be hostile toward other disciplines. 5. A staff nurse has been appointed to a multidisciplinary pati ent care task force. The unit manager notes that the meetings have been less productive since this nurse joined; furthermore, the staff nurse seems unhappy with this assignment. What action by the manager would most likely help this staff nurse become a productive member of the task force? a. Ask the nurse whether there are problems with the other members. b. Instruct the nurse to observNe UfoRr SthIe NneGxTt Bfe.wCmOeMetings. c. Remind the nurse to focus mainly on patient outcomes. d. Ask the nurse to explain his or her feelings about the assignment. ANS: D According to Gardner (2005), there are 10 specific lessons for collaborative relationships, including constructive conflict resolution skills. Because this nurse seems unhappy and the group has been less product ive, the most likely issue is that the nurse has brought some conflict to the task force since joining. Therefore, it is important for the manager to explore the feelings this nurse has about the assignment. Because the task force was more productive before this nurse joined, it seems unlikely that there are problems among the members that were not noticed before. Observing for a few minutes will not change anything that would lead to the nurse being happier with the task force. Reminding the nurse to focus mainly on patient outcomes is patronizing and does nothing to help the actual problem. 6. The student nurse describes to friends the nursing role that involves a systematic method of providing care and precise attention to details. This is the role of: a. direct caregiver. b. collaborator. c. manager. d. teacher. ANS: C TEST BANK FOR CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 7TH EDITION BY FRIBERG PRIMEXAM.COM The manager role involves not only managing others, but also managing a patient case load and marshalling resources for patient care. The role of manager requires a systematic way of providing care, a precise tending to details, and working from a comprehensive assessment and plan, as well as engaging colleagues in compassionate, collaborative, interdisciplinary practice. The direct caregiver role uses the nursing process: assessment, planning, intervention, and evaluation. The collaborator role involves working with others to achieve common goals. The teacher role involves reciprocal teaching and learning. 7. A nursing faculty member explains to students that the nursing role with a significant effect on patients’ health and quality of life is the role of: a. caregiver. b. collaborator. c. educator. d. manager. ANS: C The educator role is an active part of nursing in every situation because it has a significant impact on each patient’s health and qua lity of life, whether the “patient” is an individual, a family, a group, or a community. At every level, the patient educator role exists within the scope of practice because it significantly affects health and quality of life. The direct caregiver role uses the nursing process to provide physical care to patients. The collaborator role involves working with others to achieve common goals. The manager role involves not only managing others, but also managing a patient case load and marshalling resour ces for patient care. 8. A unit manager is concerned about turnover on her unit, which employs many new graduate nurses. There is already a formNalUaRndSlIenNgGthTyBo.riCenOtaMtion prog ram in pla ce. Which additional resource should the nursing manager add to the orientation program to best address turnover? a. Have the new graduates spend more time in the skills practice lab. b. Include intensive mentoring as part of the orientation program. c. Invite new nurses to informal meals and breaks with management. d. Post personal biographies of new nurses so staff gets to know them. ANS: B The first 3 months of employment for graduate nurses has been found to be vital in their long-term success, and mentoring is vital to assist with role integration and resolution of confl icts between work realities and academic ideals. There is no evidence from the question that suggests new nurses are not proficient in their skills or that they leave their jobs because of lack of skills. Although inviting new nurses to informal meals and breaks with management is a nice touch, this will not necessarily assist new graduate nurses in staying in their new positions. Posting personal biographies is also a nice idea, but it would not make a significant difference for the new nurses. 9. A nurse is explaining to students that the role of researcher is the most fascinating one because of its flexibility at all levels of practice. Which explanation by this nurse would best justify this opinion? a. Nurses can join research teams in institutions where they already work. b. Many areas of nursing practice need to be researched. c. This role can be a part of the nurse’s identity at all levels of practice. d. When a study is finished, research nurses can return to staff nursing. TEST BANK FOR CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS 7TH EDITION BY FRIBERG PRIMEXAM.COM ANS: C Bedside nurses can assist in the research process by bringing curiosity and a dedication to lifelong learning and best practices to their jobs. Nurses with more advanced preparation can join or even lead research teams. The role is vital to underpin nursin g practice. All nurses need a basic understanding and comfort with the research process in order to identify studies that might pertain to their patient populations or work settings. Nurses may have the opportunity to join research teams in their instituti ons and assist this process at some level, but this does not fully explain the stated opinion. Nursing is a wide -open field with many areas needing research, but this is too narrow a description to explain the nurse’s stated opinion. Returning to staff nursing after a research study is finished does show flexibility but only for the nurses involved in a research project. 10. Which nursing role is most closely connected to social justice? a. Advocate b. Caregiver c. Manager d. Researcher ANS: A Human rights, social justice, equality, and interest in promoting global health care reform are all tied to the advocate role. The direct caregiver would be more concerned with providing care for basic human needs and collaborative care of medical or surgical problems. The manager can be in charge of other health care personnel or in charge of a patient load, but the role involves securing needed resources for optimal care. The researcher uses curiosity to either participate in research or read and incorporate best practices in patient care. 11. A nursing m anager would like NtoUsReeStIheNnGuTrsBe.s oCnOtMhat unit inc rease their commitment to patient advocacy. Which action by the manager would best meet this goal? a. Bring a political activist to the unit for motivational speeches. b. Lobby for patient and family rights bills to pass state legislation. c. Organize a political drive for state coverage of all standard vaccinations. d. Schedule a walkathon for donations to pay for medications. ANS: C Working toward universal state coverage for all vaccinations would be the best choice to meet the intent of advocacy, which is strongly tied to human rights, equality, and social justice. This would provide a certain health service to all in the larger community (the state). A motivational speaker might certainly inspire some nurses, but this would not in itself do much to increase social justice and equality in health care. Patient and family rights bills would be important legislation to get passed, but this would only affect individuals classified as “patients” and their families, not everyone in the community. A walka thon to help patients pay for medications would be a great help to many people, but this falls far short of providing a universal health service to all in the community. 12. A practicing nurse often volunteers for overtime when the unit is short staffed but now has a child who has a recurring illness and worries about the ability to continue this practice. The nursing manager could help this nurse by educating him or her about role: a. ambiguity. b. conflict. c. integration.