(Test Bank) Medical Sociology

Cockerham, 15

Sociology

Test Bank

15th Edition

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Test Bank for Medical Sociology, The downloadable file consists of 157 pages, and the total size of the file is 1.64 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Cockerham

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1 Information Classification: General Test Bank for Medical Sociology, 15e William Cockerham ( All Chapters ) Chapter 1 Medical Sociology Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which is NOT a major area of investigation in medical sociology? a. Social facets of health and disease. b. Social behavior of health care personnel and their patients. c. Social functions of health organiza tions and inst itutions. d. The relationship of health care delivery systems to other systems. e. All of the above answers are major areas of inve stigation in medical sociology. Answer: E Page: 4 2. Medical sociology is an important area of study because: a. It promotes the role biology plays in social life . b. It represents a departure from the theory -heavy discipline of general sociology . c. It recognizes the role that social factors play in determi ning or influencing health. d. It is the result of a merger between medici ne and sociology . e. None of the above. Answer: C Page: 4 3. What influences how societies organize their resources to cope with health hazards and deliver health care to the population a t large? a. Climate b. Available money c. Neighboring countries’ health care sys tems d. Social , cultural, economic, and political factors e. Uniqueness of medical education Answer: D Page: 5 4. Medical sociology, as a subdiscipline, began gaining strength: a. It was always part of sociology as a major focus of classical sociologists. b. When Max Weber published his work on suicide in the late nineteenth century. c. After World War II with the infusion of large amounts of federal funding for research. d. Only in the last two decades when major worldwide health crises highlighted the need for it. 2 Information Classification: General e. It neve r has been a major part of sociology and exists only as a small part of the medical field. Answer: C Page: 6 5. Which circumstance (s) particularly affected the development of medical s ociology in its early stages? a. Pressure to produce work that could be ap plied to medical practice and health policy. b. Rich development of theories unique to medical sociology by academic sociol ogists. c. Lack of attention on the role of medicine and health fro m classical theorists . d. A and B e. A and C Answer: E Page: 6-7 6. Why did sociology’s founders overlook medicine? a. Medicine was unorganized at the time. b. Medicine lacked any professionalization to study. c. Medicine was too secretive to study d. Medicine blocked soc iologists from studying the discipline. e. Medicine did not shape the stru cture and nature of society. Answer: E Page: 7 7. The scholar who first provided a major theoretical approach for medical sociology was: a. Durkheim. b. Parsons. c. Weber. d. Mead. e. Goffman. Answe r: B Page: 8 8. What important event occurred in 1951 that began to reorient American medical sociol ogy toward the use of theory ? a. The Vietnam War. b. The publication of Parsons’s The Social System . c. The increase in chronic diseases. d. The growth of univers ities. e. The political swing towards a more conservative era. Answer: B Page: 8 3 Information Classification: General 9. Talcott Parsons’s book The Social System contained which concept impo rtant for medical sociology? a. Micro theory. b. Medicalization. c. Patient power. d. Culture. e. Sick role. Answer: E Page: 8 10. In the case of the sick role, illness is seen as __________, and its undesirable nature reinforces the motivation to be healthy. a. Deviance. b. Normal. c. Biological . d. Social . e. A stimulus . Answer: A Page: 8 11. In developing his concept of the sick role, Parsons linked his ideas to which two classical theoris ts? a. Marx and Goffman. b. Weber and Marx. c. Marx and Engels. d. Durkheim and Weber. e. Durkheim and Goffman . Answer: D Page: 8 12. What is NOT a task of a sociologist in medicine? a. Analyze the socia l etiology or causes of health disorders b. Study the differences in soci al attitudes as they relate to health c. Understand the way in which the incidence and prevalence of a specific health disorder is related to social variables. d. Develop theory that assists in understanding social issues related to health. e. All of these are task s of a sociologist in medicine. Answer: D Page: 10 13. Most sociologists of medicine are employed as: a. Biostatisticians. b. Hospital workers. c. Professors at universities. d. Researchers in gove rnmental agencies. e. Independent contractors. 4 Information Classification: General Answer: C Page: 10 14. What trend(s) reduced tensions between sociologists in medicine and sociologists of medicine? a. Most government funding is awarded to research with practical application. b. Medical sociology it self is converging with general sociology. c. Sociology of medicine became the more dominant side of medical sociology. d. A and B e. B and C Answer: D Page: 11 15. What encourages medical sociologists working in health care and in academic settings to conduct rese arch that deals with topics that have practical utility? a. The willingnes s of government agencies and private foundations to only fund health -related research that can help solve problems or improve health conditions. b. The influence of economic structures lik e capitalism on health care and academic settings. c. The need to develop new approaches to population -wide health disparities that can generate profit for health care and academic settings. d. The lack of interest in creating theoretical models to explain the h ealth needs of a population. e. The pressure to abandon theoretical explan ations of health and illness in the face of COVID -19. Answer: A Page: 11 16. What is the social psychology of health and illness concerned with studying? a. The influence of social psychol ogical processes on the distribution of health and disease b. The impact o f the health care delivery system on social psychological processes c. The social psychological outcomes of health -related behaviors d. The social psychological processes that explain or modi fy health and health - related behaviors e. The influence of social psycholo gical process in the education of health professionals Answer: D Page: 11 17. The World Health Organization defines health as: a. Normality. b. The absence of disease. c. Ability to function. d. A state of complete physical, mental, and social well -being e. All of the ab ove. 5 Information Classification: General Answer: D Page: 13 18. One of the earliest attempts in the Western world to formulate principles of health care, based upon rational thought and the rejection of supernatural pheno mena, is found in the work of the Greek physician: a. Hippocrates. b. Socrate s. c. House. d. Aristotle. e. Dioceses. Answer: A Page: 14 19. The Hippocratic Oath requires the physician to swear that he or she will: a. Help the sick. b. Refrain from in tentional wrongdoing or harm. c. Keep confidential all matters pertaining to the doctor –patient relationship. d. All of the above. e. None of the above. Answer: D Page: 14 20. The so -called “clinical gaze” is best associated with which of the following perspectives ? a. Medicine of social spaces. b. Medicine of the species. c. Public health par adigm. d. “Whole person” medical care. e. None of the above. Answer: B Page: 15 21. The medicine of social spaces is concerned with: a. Curing disease. b. Preventing disease. c. Understanding disease. d. Cataloging disease. e. All of the above. Answer: B Page: 15 22. Decline in deaths from infectious diseases in the second half of the nineteenth century was mainly due to: a. Improvements in diet, housing, and public sanitation . b. Better training of physicians . 6 Information Classification: General c. The discovery of penicillin . d. Epidemiological transitions . e. All of the abo ve. Answer: A Page: 1 6 23. The g erm theory of disease is a perspective which asserts: a. Diseases are caused by a biological agent. b. Medicine is the only true way to treat disease. c. Illness can be caused by lifestyle choices. d. Germs are conscious agents that int entionally harm their hosts. e. None of the above. Answer: A Page: 16 24. Unlike infectious diseases, ch ronic diseases typically are ___ __________ and ____________ __. a. Short term; incurable . b. Short term; curable. c. Long term; incurable. d. Long term; curable. e. There is no difference . Answer: C Page: 17 25. With the transition to a greater prevalence of chronic diseases, physicians have incre asingly had to take which approach to medical care? a. The cl inical gaze. b. Use of “magic bullets.” c. “Whole person” care. d. The re -mystif ication of disease. e. Assembly -line care. Answer: C Page 17 26. Which of the following are TRUE about health lifestyles? a. They include behaviors like s moking, drinking, and alcohol consump tion. b. They influence whether and how severely one becomes ill . c. They can be positive or negative. d. They are influenced by one’s social environment . e. All of the above. Answer: E Page: 18 27. What particular problem occurs with newly emerging diseases? a. They ha ve a very predictable pattern of appearance. 7 Information Classification: General b. Their pathogenesis is nearly impossible to trace. c. They are often difficult to control in the early stages. d. Their origin is always in an underdeveloped country. e. Their transmission becomes increasingly difficult t o trace over time. Answer: C Page: 19 28. Which of the following have b een significant factors in the most recent epidemiologic transition, which has seen a reemergence of infectious diseases ? a. Decreased attention to public sanitation . b. Globalization of trad e and travel . c. Global warming and climate change . d. A and B . e. B and C . Answer: B Page: 19 29. How might the resurgence of infectious diseases shift the research perspective of medical sociologists? a. It may shift focus to acute diseases. b. It may shift focus away from chronic diseases. c. It may shift focus to infectious diseases . d. It ma y shift focus to both chronic and infectious diseases. e. It may shift focus away from both chronic and infectious diseases. Answer: D Page: 19 True False Questions 1. Medical sociology focuses on the social causes and co nsequences of health and illness. Answer: TRUE Page: 4 2. Medical sociology is important because it focuses on the critical role social factors play in determining or influencing the health of individuals, groups, and th e larger society. Answer: TRUE Page: 4 3. Health includes a number of c omponents which are not just biological, but also social, cultural, political, and economic. Answer: TRUE Page: 2 4. Medical sociology is a rel atively new field in sociology. Answer: TRUE Page: 6 8 Information Classification: General 5. Unlike law, religion, politics, economics, and other so cial institutions, medicine was ignored by sociology’s founders in the late nineteenth century because it did not appear to shape the structure and nature of society. Answer: TRUE Page: 7 6. The tremendous growth of medical sociology would have been possib le even without financial support for applied studies provided by the government. Answer: FALSE Page: 7 7. Talcott Parsons provided a theoretical approach for medical sociology in the 1950s that was important in the subdis cipline's early development. Answer: TRUE Page: 8 8. The sick role presents an ideal representation of how people act when sick. Answer: TRUE Page: 8 9. Working within an atheoretical, applied approach, Parsons was th e first to demonstrate how medicine functions to exert social control w ithin the larger social system. Answer: FALSE Page: 8 10. The sociologist in medicine is one who collaborates directly with the physician and other health personnel in studying the socia l factors that are relevant to a particular health problem. Answer: TR UE Page: 10 11. The sociology of medicine deals with such factors as the organization, role relatio nships, norms, values, and beliefs of medical practice as a form of human behavior. Answer: TRUE Page: 10 12. There is a growing divergence between medical soci ology and the general discipline of sociology. Answer: FALSE Page: 11 13. At present, medical sociologists constitute the largest and one of the most active groups of people doing sociol ogical work in the United States and Europe . Answer: TRUE Page: 12 9 Information Classification: General 14. Good health is a prerequisite for the adequate functioning of any individual or society. Answer: TRUE Page: 13 15. Early humans used primitive medicines made from plants or animals rath er than some form of ritual to expel a harmful spirit from a diseased b ody. Answer: FALSE Page: 14 16. Both Western religion and medical science sponsored the idea that the body was like a machine, disease was a malfunction of the machine, and the doctor’s job was to repair the machine. Answer: TRUE Page: 14 17. According to M ichel Foucault, the development of modern medicine transformed perce ptions of disease from something beyond the boundaries of knowledge to something to be scientifically studied and con trolled. Answer: TRUE Page: 15 18. The practice of medicine in the twe ntieth century was based on the premise that every disease had a specific pathogenic cause and was best addressed within a biomedical framework. Answer: TRUE Page: 1 6 19. The poor have the highest rates of disease and disability of an y socioeconomic group , demonstrating their greater biological disposition toward illness. Answer: FALSE Page: 1 8 20. Lifestyles and social behavior have little effect in the transmission of infection. Answer: FALSE Page: 19 -20 Essay Questions 1. What factors have been impor tant in the development of medical sociology? 2. Explain the differences between sociology in medicine and the sociology of medicine. 3. Although there is no standard definition of health, there are many concepts. Provide your own definition of health. How doe s it relate to the World Health Organization’s definition of health? 10 Information Classification: General 4. Explain the germ theory of disease and its effect on practice of medicine. 5. Discuss the role of chronic diseases in prompting a return to medicine’s focus on the “whole person.” 6. Has the re been a re -emergence of infectious disease? E xplain your answer . 10 Information Classifica tion: General Chapter 2 Epidemiology Multiple Choice Questions 1. The primary focus of the epidemiologist is on: a. Catastrophic disease outbreaks. b. Societal demographics. c. Health and wellness of children. d. Individual’s diseases. e. Health problems of social aggregates. Answer: E Page: 2 4 2. A scientist who studies the origin and distribution of all types of diseases is best described as a(n): a. Biochemist. b. Social worker. c. Epidemiologist. d. Demographer. e. Sociologist. Answer: C Page: 2 4 3. In epidemiology, a “case” refers to: a. An inves tigation into an outbreak of disease or illness. b. The classification of a diso rder, illness, or injury. c. A collection of a single type of disorder, il lness, or injury. d. A single episode of a disorder, illness, or i njury involving a n individual . e. There is no su ch epidemiological term. Answer: D Page: 24 -25 4. A researcher is interested in reporting how many people in a community were diagnosed with HIV during the past month. He/she would measure the: a. Incidence. b. Prevalence. c. Crude rate. d. Cases. e. Age-specific rat e. Answer: A Page: 2 5 5. Which of the following is TRUE about incidence and prevalence? a. Prevalence is used to analyze the rate at which new cases occur. b. Incidence and prevalence are interchangeable terms. 11 Information Classifica tion: General c. Incidence is reported in raw numbers while prevale nce is expressed as a ratio. d. The incidence for a given disease can be low at the same time that its prevalence is high. e. None of the above Answer: D Page: 2 5 6. A ratio , such as the crude mortality rate, is expressed as: a. Total number of cases divided by pr evalence. b. Total number of cases divided by incidence. c. Total number of cases divided by total popul ation. d. Total number of cases times total population. e. Total number of cases times incidence. Answer: C Page: 25 7. _________________ has special significance for a soc iety because it is traditionally used as an approximate indicator of a society’s standard of living and quality of health care delivery. a. Prevalence of chronic diseases. b. Life expectancy. c. Infant mortality rate. d. Crude birth rate. e. Age adjusted fertili ty rate. Answer: C Page: 2 6 8. What is NOT a factor in the increasing emergence of epidemics? a. Increase in international transportation channels. b. Migration from rural areas into urban cities. c. Increase in public sanitation. d. All of the above. e. None of the ab ove. Answer: C Page: 26 -27 9. Which of the following ensured that infectious diseases would spread more quickly and also that disease -causing microorganisms would persist within the community for longer periods of time? a. The use of rodents as a food sourc e b. The migration of birds from warmer to colder climates c. The crowded conditions of urban living d. The gathering of corpses in public cemeteries e. The introduction of unhygienic hospitals Answer: C Page: 27 12 Information Classifica tion: General 10. Who se investigations into cholera outbreaks establi shed the foundation of modern epidemiology? a. Louis Pasteur. b. John Snow. c. Karl Marx. d. Lister Hill . e. All these men helped lay the foundation of ep idemiology. Answer: B Page: 2 8 11. Germ theory provided a framework for understanding the causal agents of disease. W hat are the five agents recognized today? a. Biological, social, psychological, toxic, and env ironmental. b. Biological, physical, social, mental, and met aphysical. c. Biological, physical, social, mental, and psych ological. d. Biological, nutritional, chemical, ment al, and ps ychological. e. Biological, nutritional, chemical, physical, and s ocial. Answer: E Page: 28 12. The science of epidemiology has passed through three eras and is entering a fourth. In what order did it pass through the first three eras? a. Sanitary, Inf ectio us, Chronic. b. Sanitary, Chronic, Infectious. c. Chronic, Sanitary, Infectious. d. Chronic, Infectious, Sanitary. e. Infectious, Sanitary, Chronic. Answer: A Page: 2 9 13. As a nation shifts from primarily rural -agricultural to urban -industrial, what changes are seen in the health profile of the nation? a. Leading causes of death change from mostly chronic diseases to infectious disea ses. b. Leading causes of death change from mostly infectious diseases to chronic disea ses. c. Infectious diseases are eliminated entirely d. Both infectious and chronic diseases are reduced to a minimum. e. There is no difference Answer: B Page: 29 14. What is the leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for more than one - third of all deaths? a. Diabetes. 13 Information Classifica tion: General b. HIV/AIDS. c. Stroke. d. Heart disease. e. Canc er. Answer: D Page: 3 1 15. The _____________ study was important for showing that heart disease does not strike people at random as they a ge, but that highly susceptible individuals can be identified in advance. a. CVD1960. b. Framingham. c. Tuskegee. d. Whitehal l. e. Engels. Answer: B Page: 3 1 16. What do studies on diet, exercise, and obesity suggest with respect to heart disease? a. Diet and physical activity have little effect on an individual’s likelihood of deve loping heart disease. b. Changing one’s eating habits to ward a diet low in saturated fat can reduce the risk of developing heart disease. c. Obesity is the result of individual choices and relates little to the development of heart disease. d. Only lengthy, vigorous physical activity has been shown to provide some protection against heart disease. e. None of the above. Answer: B Page: 3 2 17. What motivated the American Medical Association to officially recognize obesity as a disease? a. Obesity reached a threshold in how many deaths to which it contributed. b. In reaction to t he U. S. government issuing an official declaration for public health legislation. c. To encourage physicians to give more attention to it and insurers to pay for treatment. d. As a way to prevent insurance fraud and misuse of medical services. e. Obesity needed to have an official definition to generate more research and to treat it in patients. Answer: C Page: 33 18. What influence do social networks have on obesity? a. They influence people to adopt healthier eating habits when their neighbors do. 14 Information Classifica tion: General b. They influence peop le to eat more junk foods when their sibling does. c. They encourage people to exercise more when their work friends do. d. They have no influence on obesity regardless of the nature of personal ties within a social network. e. The nature of personal ties within a socia l network vary in their influence on obesity. Answer: E Page: 34 19. According to Abdel Omran, in which stage of the epidemiologic transition are infectious diseases the major causes of death? a. Age of Pestilence and Famine b. Age of Receding Epidemics c. Age of Degenerative and Man -Made Diseases d. Age of Genetic Diseases e. Age of Re -Emerging Infectious Diseases Answer: A Page: 36 20. According to Abdel Omran, in which stage of the epidemiologic transition are afflictions of old age the major causes of death? a. Age of Pe stilence and Famine b. Age of Receding Epidemics c. Age of Degenerative and Man -Made Diseases d. Age of Genetic Diseases e. Age of Re -Emerging Infectious Diseases Answer: C Page: 36 21. In the early 21st century , the majority of HIV/ AIDS cases in the U.S. were fo und i n: a. Homosexual and bisexual men. b. Homosexual and bisexual women. c. Intravenous drug users. d. Blood transfusion patients. e. Children of a parent with AIDS. Answer: A Page: 3 9 22. The lowest HIV/ AIDS mortality rates for American males are found in: a. Native Ameri cans. b. Non-Hispanic whites. c. Hispanics. d. Non-Hispanic African Americans. e. Asians. Answer: B Page: 40 15 Information Classifica tion: General 23. HIV/ AIDS is transmitted in Africa and some parts of Asia primarily by: a. Heterosexual contact. b. Homosexual contact. c. Intravenous drug use. d. Blood transfusion s. e. Infected mother to child. Answer: A Page: 40 24. Which of the following plays a particularly important role in the transmission of HIV/ AIDS in Sub -Saharan Africa ? a. Government. b. Health delivery system. c. Migrant labor force. d. Homosexuals. e. Drug users. Answer: C Page: 4 0 25. HIV/ AIDS now affects _____________ in Africa more than ________________. a. Whites, natives. b. Children, adults. c. Homosexuals, heterosexuals. d. Men, women. e. Women, men. Answer: E Page: 41 26. People who become infected with HIV may be subjected to d iscrimination, which can isolate them socially. This s ocial outcome is: a. Stigma. b. Stagflation. c. Disintegration. d. Disentanglement. e. All of the above. Answer: A Page: 4 1 27. Which of the following demonstrates the sociological implications of the HIV/AIDS epidemi c? a. Its influence on modifying social norms, values, and lifestyles. b. How certain social behaviors lead to the transmission of the disease and result in a pandemic. 16 Information Classifica tion: General c. The social rejection of AIDS patients. d. Moral and religious debates over the meaning of the di sease and treatment options. e. All of the above. Answer: E Page: 4 1 28. Which term describes an individual’s most important position in society and typically comes from one’s occupation? a. Default status. b. Ordinary status. c. Master status. d. Primary status. e. Main st atus. Answer: C Page: 4 1 29. Which of the following best describes influenza pandemics? a. They occur frequently but the threat to worldwide health is minimal. b. They have been mostly eliminated due to the development of vaccines such as Tamiflu. c. They are easi ly co ntained to the region of outbreak. d. They are unpredictable and occur at irregular intervals. e. None of the above. Answer: D Page: 4 2 True False Questions 1. Many sociologists working in the field of medicine are epidemiologists. Answer: TRUE Page: 2 4 2. Present-day epidemiologists primarily study epidemic diseases and give little attention to other diseases such as chronic ailments or unhealthy behaviors . Answer: FALSE Page: 2 4 3. Prevalence rates, when expressed as point p revalence, period prevalence, or lifetime prevalence, vary based on the disease being measured. Answer: FALSE Page: 2 5 4. The simplest ratio computed by the epidemiologist is called the crude rate. 17 Information Classifica tion: General Answer: TRUE Page: 2 5 5. Crude death and birth rates are too gross a measure to be mean ingful for most sociolog ical purposes Answer: TRUE Page: 2 6 6. The living conditions of early nomadic humans, with close proximity to others and exploration of new environments, was favorable to widespread and frequent epidemics. Answer: FALSE Page : 26-27 7. The bubonic plague was ended in 1750 with the development of p enicillin. Answer: FALSE Page: 27 8. What a person does, who a person is, and where a person lives can specify what health hazards are most likely to exist in that individual’s life. Answer : TRUE Page: 28 9. The social environment , referring not only to living conditions but also to norms and values, can cause sickness. Answer: TRUE Page: 2 9 10. Developing nations are typically characterized by a high birth rate and a high death rate, with a relatively young population. Answer: TRUE Page: 29 11. About twice as many males die from heart disease as females, and men are more likely than women to have a worse prognosis if they survive the first serious heart a ttack. Answer: FALSE Page: 3 1 12. Smoking is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in the United States and quitting smoking nearly eliminates this risk after a year or two. Answer: TRUE Page: 3 2 13. Pandemics are regional or local outbreaks of a disease and rarely happen. Answer: FALS E Page: 36 14. HIV/AIDS first appeared in intravenous drug users in New York and San Francisco. 18 Information Classifica tion: General Answer: FALSE Page: 3 8 15. HIV/ AIDS potentially entered the U.S. through Haiti. Answer: TRUE Page: 3 9 16. Much of the fear about HIV/ AIDS arises from the fact that many people who carry the virus are not aware of it. Answer: TRUE Page: 3 9 17. People most at risk for developing HIV/ AIDS are those who have had multiple sex partners and know little about their partners’ past sexual behavior. Answer: TRUE Page: 3 9 18. Estimati ng the number of individual flu cases in an outbreak is an easy task, since almost everyone who becomes sick with the flu requires medical care. Answer: FALSE Page: 4 2 19. Among humans, Ebola is transmitted through cultural and social means, including carin g for the sick and local African burial traditions of cleaning, touching, and kissing the deceased. Answer: TRUE Page: 45 20. Zika causes such severe symptoms that it has been easy to track how many people have been infected. Answer: FALSE Page: 46 Essa y Questions 1. Define incidence and prevalence . Explain the relationship between the two, and identify which issues with in each concept that pertain while examining chronic and acute illnesses. 2. Recognition that germs were causal agents of disease serve d as a precursor to scientific findings that people come into contact with a variety of causal agents. Define all five agents, and provide examples of each type. 3. Describe the four eras of epidemiology. 19 Information Classifica tion: General 4. Modification in what four lifestyle areas would significantly reduce the risk of heart disease? Discuss how and why these modifications affect the risk of developing heart disease. 5. Explain the arguments for and against obesity being labeled as a disease. 6. Developing and developed nations have a different p attern of disease and illness. List the most prevalent diseases in both nation types , and then discuss why these diffe rences exist. Information Cla ssification: General Chapter 3 COVID -19 Multiple Choice Questions 1. What marks the beginning of the “ social ” in causing the COVID -19 pandemic? a. The creation of refuges for wild animals b. Increased demand for rare foods in urban centers around the world c. The close contact between w ild pangolins and humans d. The suburbanization of China e. Reduced levels of travel between China and other countries Answer: C Page: 56 2. What social desire contributed to the initiation of the COVID pandemic ? a. The desire to live in rural towns near wild anim als. b. The desire to keep wild animals as pets. c. The desire to kill wild animals for trophies. d. The desire to eat extremely fresh wild animals. e. The desire to work in close contact with wild animals. Answer: D Page: 56 3. What is o ne factor that enabled the in itial transmission of COVID -19 from animals to humans ? a. The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market lacked proper separation between different animal meats . b. An unhygienic wet market. c. Chinese cities expanded into the wild habitats where COVID -19 emerged in bats. d. Tourists in China interacted with wild pangolins who carried COVID -19. e. Bats carrying COVID -19 began to migrate to Wuhan, China and expose humans to their feces. Answer: B Page: 56 4. What made the Chinese government’s ban on travel to and from Wuhan after CO VID-19 emerged in early 2020 so significant? a. It was the first time a government had limited the travel of its citizens. b. It was the largest restriction of movement ever implemented. c. It would be damaging to the Chinese economy as Wuhan is a major commercial and industrial center in China. d. It would be damaging to the Chinese government as Wuhan is the home of m any Chinese politicians . e. It could never be implemented as China’s government did not have the power to enforce it. Information Cla ssification: General Answer: C Page: 58 5. How did the Wo rld Health Organization respond to the outbreak of COVID -19 in China in 2020? a. It conducted a thorough investigation of all COVID -19 cases in China. b. It deciphered the genome of the virus and circulated the information. c. It helped develop the quarantine polic ies used in China. d. It investigated the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market for violating food safety standards. e. It issued a report based on a Chinese -only investigation. Answer: E Page: 59 6. What was one factor that led to a delay in preventative measures in China? a. Local officials repressed information about the new disease to maintain favor with the central government. b. Residents of Wuhan refused to submit to testing that could trace the source of the outbreak. c. Scientists could not identify how the new diseas e was transmitted to humans. d. The central government did not believe that a new disease was emerging and refused to act. e. Wuhan lacked the resources to quickly implement or enforce preventative measures. Answer: A Page: 59 7. Which Middle Eastern country ha d the most cases of COVID -19 by the summer of 2021? a. Turkey b. Iran c. Iraq d. Israel e. Jordan Answer: A Page: 59 8. As of the summer of 2021, 65% of mortality from COVID -19 in Spain was concentrated in what age group ? a. 0 to 19 years old b. 20 to 39 years old c. 40 to 59 years old d. 60 to 79 years old e. 80 years and older Answer: E Page: 60 9. What contributed to Italy’s high mortality rate from COVID -19? Information Cla ssification: General a. Italy began testing much later than other countries and could not trace infections quickly enough b. Italy did not restrict peo ple’s movements after they became infected with COVID -19 c. Italy promoted a “natural immunity” approach that encouraged people to seek out COVID -19 infection d. Italy had a large elderly population that became infected with COVID -19 e. Italy’s population was dense ly packed into a few cities making infection much easier and quicker Answer: D Page: 60 10. What was France’s reasoning for easing restrictions after COVID -19 emerged in that country? a. France saw the incidence rate of COVID -19 decrease significantly. b. France could not afford to lose trade from other European countries. c. France believed it was necessary to adjust to COVID -19 as a new normal. d. France lacked the authority to continue restrictions for more than a few weeks. e. France needed tourists to visit the count ry to boost its economy. Answer: C Page: 61 11. Out of all the European countries, COVID -19 caused the United Kingdom to suffer the greatest what? a. Economic recession b. Educational setbacks c. Fertility decline d. Political turmoil e. Prevalence of COVID variant s Answer: A Page: 61 12. Which country in Europe had the highest mortality from COVID -19 by summer 2021? a. France b. Germany c. Italy d. Russia e. United Kingdom Answer: E Page: 62 13. What action by Germany is credited for the country’s relatively low mortality rates from COVID-19? a. Increasing the number of healthcare workers responding to new COVID -19 cases b. Quickly instituting lockdown measures and widespread testing c. Completely restricting non -essential face to face interactions Information Cla ssification: General d. Immediately shutting down travel from China and Europe e. Effectively c ontact tracing people exposed to COVID -19 and rapid testing Answer: B Page: 63 14. How did Sweden’s approach to COVID -19 differ from other European countries ? a. It only created restrictions for the elderly in the population. b. It kept coll eges and secondary schools open while elementary schools closed . c. It distributed several rapid tests to its residents every week for three months . d. It created relatively lax restrictions . e. It opened its borders to people leaving countries where COVID -19 was p revalent. Answer: D Page: 63 15. What was the result of Sweden’s approach to COVID -19, as of summer 2021 ? a. A decreased probability of death b. A quicker spread of the virus c. An outcome equivalent to other European countries d. A slower spread of the virus e. An incre ased probability of death Answer: D Page: 63 16. Where did most deaths from COVID -19 occur in India? a. In rural areas b. In urban areas c. In the border towns d. In the coastal towns e. In the central areas Answer: B Page: 63 17. Which of the following factors was expec ted to hinder African countries’ response to COVID -19? a. The lack of a continent -wide health care delivery system b. The extensive distrust of medical professionals c. The low quality of many countries’ health care delivery systems d. The widespread government corrup tion in many countries e. The restriction of foreign aid to provide medical necessities Answer: C Page: 64 18. What factor likely helped prevent widespread COVID -19 infection in Africa ? a. A lack of trade between countries in Africa and in Europe b. A surplus of an tibiotics from the Ebola outbreak c. A cross -national quick response team of epidemiologists Information Cla ssification: General d. A quick lockdown preventing travel from China e. A young population Answer: E Page: 64 19. What delayed the distribution of the COVID -19 vaccine to low -income countries? a. Wealthy countries bought all the available vaccines. b. Wealthy countries were prioritized for their higher infection rates. c. Wealthy countries were prioritized for how much they paid for research on the vaccine. d. Low-income countries could only distribute a f ew vaccines at a time. e. Low-income countries did not develop their own vaccines to distribute. Answer: A Page: 64 20. Who in Brazil had higher rates of death from COVID -19? a. Black and Hispanic Brazilians b. Indigenous Brazilians c. Pardo and Black Brazilians d. Hispa nic Brazilians e. White Brazilians Answer: C Page: 65 21. By summer 2021, which country had the highest number of deaths from COVID -19? a. Brazil b. China c. Nigeria d. Russia e. United States Answer: E Page: 66 22. How did travel to and from Europe, large crowd gatherings, and socializing in bars affect the spread of COVID -19 in the U nited States? a. These factors accelerated the spread of COVID -19. b. These factors decelerated the spread of COVID -19. c. These factors had no impact on the spread of COVID -19. d. These factors clustered the spread of COVID -19 in urban areas. e. These factors clustered the spread of COVID -19 in wealthy areas. Answer: A Page: 67 23. What cultural influence in the United States had the greatest influence on its response to COVID -19? a. Constitutionalism