(Test Bank) American Government Constitutional Democracy Under Pressure

Jillson, 2

Law

Test Bank

2nd Edition

• $10.00 $35.00

---

Description

Test Bank for American Government Constitutional Democracy Under Pressure, The downloadable file consists of 185 pages, and the total size of the file is 0.88 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Jillson

---

---

Study Note Preview

Test Bank for American Government Constitutional Democracy Under Pressure, 2e Cal Jillson (All Chapters) Chapter 1 – The Revolution and the Constitution – Test Bank for American Government: Constitutional Democracy Under Pressure , 2e Single -Select Multiple Choice Question Answer A B C D Who wrote that, without an all - powerful monarch, human beings will fall into a war of all against all in which life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short ”? c Niccolò Machiavelli John Calvin Thomas Hobbes John Locke In addition to social contract theory, what are two other concepts taken from classical liberalism that influenced the Founding generation? a Separation of powers and free markets Divine right monarchy and the Common Law Hereditary monarchy and civil law Unlimited, immoderate constitutio nal regime John Winthrop led which early group of settlers into colonial America ? b Wealthy English Puritans who settled in the South in order to avoid religious persecution in the home country Middling English Puritans who settled in New England in order to avoid religious persecution in the home country Wealthy English Anglicans who settled in the South in order to develop it economically Middling English Anglicans who settled in the Mid -Atlantic in order to develop it economically What drove the idea behind the notion that the Americans had “space” for dissent? d The orthodox did not feel the need to destroy the unorthodox Banishment was an accepted form of punishment The vastness of the land allowed for pockets of dissent interspersed between places of orthodoxy All of the above To what area of social life did Adam Smith apply the principles of classical liberalism? c Law Government and politics The economy Culture Which Enlightenment thinker argue d most influentially that science and discovery worked for the eternal benefit of society? d Hobbes Machiavelli Montesquieu Bacon What did the ancients , including Plato and Aristotle, mean by “democracy?” b They thought it required elections They thought it meant direct rule by the people meeting together personally Rule by the people in their own self -interest They thought it was equivalent to “free government” Name two philosophers associated with social contract theory b Locke and Smith Locke and Hobbes Polybius and Machiavelli Rorty and Rawls What two concepts does classical liberalism favor? c Large government and aggregate rights Large government and individual rights Limited government and individual rights Limited government and aggregate rights What was the dominant American political and social ideology in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries? b Social Democracy Classical Liberalism Classical Republicanism Corporatist C apitalism Which of the following are characteristics of American colonial settlement that influenced American political development? d Space for dissent and economic opportunity Social fluidity and heterogeneity Equality and tolerance All of the above What was the official religion of the British colonies in North America? a There was no single official religion throughout all of the British colonies Puritanism Anglican Catholicism Who is the legitimate source of political authority, according to the idea of individualism? d The powerful The rich The divine The people What is social contract theory? a An argument that the legitimate origin of government is in the agreement of a free people An argument that the legitimate origin of government rests with the “divine right of kings” An argument that the non-legitimate origin of government is in the agreement of a free people An argument that power rests exclusively with those best suited to exercise it An uprising that convinced Americans to support a stronger national government was ^___ ^. b Boston Massacre Shay's Rebellion Boston Tea Party The Second Constitutional Convention The writt en constitution first developed in ^___^. c the writings of John Locke Scotland the United States France The assignment of legislative, executive and judicial powers to differen t institutions is an example of ^___^. d Federalism Checks and Balances Bicameralism Separation of Powers What was the most important consequence of the Seven Years War (aka the French and Indian War) with respect to American political development? b It increased the French as a threat to the British colonies in North America . It ended the French as a threat to the British colonies in North America . It establish ed Spain as a threat to the British colonies in North America . It indebted the French to American financiers . During the “critical period,” what major events occurred that spurred the calling of the Constitutional Convention? c The Revolutionary War and Northwest Ordinance The ratification of the Articles of Confederation and the Battle of Yorktown The Annapolis Convention and Shay s’s Rebellion None of the above From what class of society did the delegates at the Constitutional Convention come and was this representative of the average American? b Social, economic, and political elites who were representative of the average American Social, economic, and political elites who were not representative of the average American Social, economic, and political masses who were representative of the average American Social, economic, but not political elites who were not representative of the average American How does a representative government differ from a direct democracy? c In a representative government, a strong executive must balance an unruly legislature . In a representative government the people rule directly . In a representative government the people elect representative(s) to conduct the business of government . In a repr esentative government the people elect a tyrant to rule on their behalf during times of extended crisis . What does bicameralism mean? b The executive branch will exist in a plural form . The legislative branch will exist in a dual chamber form . The judicial branch will exist under the conditions of “dual sovereignty .” The structure of the government will be conditioned by “dual federalism .” What was purpose of the Preamble to the Constitution? a To declare the Constitution an act of the sovereign people (rather than of sovereign states) and to describe the goals and purposes of government To declare the Constitution an act of sovereign states (rather than the sovereign people) and to describe the goals and purposes of government To declare the Constitution an act of the sovereign people (rather than of sovereign states) and to describe the rights of each citizen To declare the Constitution an act of sovereign states (rather than the sovereign peopl e) and to describe the rights of each citizen Which plan proposed as a model for the Constitution called for a unicameral legislature with equality of representation? b The Virginia Plan The New Jersey P lan The Connecticut P lan The Georgia Plan In what sense did the original Bill of Rights protect rights and liberties? a It protected individual rights and liberties from actions by the national government . It protected state rights and liberties from the actions of the national government . It protect ed individual rights and liberties from actions taken by the state governments . It protected racial equality throughout the nation. In the struggle to ratify the Constitution, how did the Federalists defend their argument that a Bill of Rights was unnecessary? b They supported the ratification of the Constitution even at the expense of individual rights and liberties . By using the “reserved powers theory,” they said that powers not expressly granted to the national government by the federal Constitution would be retained by the people and the states . By using the “reserved powers theory,” they said that powers not given to the national government would be left in reserve for future consideration . By using “social contract theory,” they said t hat popular agreement was necessary for the constitution of government . Which of these statements accurately describes the proposal and ratification of the Bill of Rights? a It was proposed by the first Federal Congress and ratified by the state legislatu res in 1791 . It was proposed with the original Constitution in 1787, but it was ratified separately (in 1789) according to the wishes of the Anti-Federalists . It was proposed by the second Constitutional Convention in 1790 and approved by state ratificatio n conventions in 1790 - 91. It was proposed by a meeting of state governors and ratified by Congress in 1812. In what context does the phrase “advice and consent” appear in the Constitution? d In the preamble, where it is declared that the U.S. government is a system of “rule according to the advice and consent of the people” The requirement that the President may commit troops into combat “only with the advice and consent of the House of Representatives” The requirement that the Congress “may declare war only with the advice and consent of the President” The requirement that the president can make treaties, judicial nominations etc. only with the “advice and consent” of the Senate Which of the following was not a provision or characteristic of the Virginia plan? c Based on popular sovereignty Bicameralism Strictly enumerated federal legislative powers Power to tax In a so -called “representative government,” who conducts the business of government? a Representat ives elected by the people All citizens who are subjected to the laws passed by government An unelected group or individual who claims to rule on behalf of the people Leading families who have earned the people’s confidence What is the “take care clause”? d The clause in Article I of the Constitution that says Congress must “take care that its enumerated powers not be used in betrayal of the public trust” The clause in Article II of the Constitution that says the Supreme Court shall “take care that the Constitution and rule of law be upheld” The clause in Article III of the Constitution that says the President shall “take care to preserve the Constitution and security of the nation” The clause in Article II of the Constitution that says the Presiden t shall “take care that the laws be faithfully executed” In the struggle for ratification of the Constitution, which side opposed ratification? b The Federalists The Anti -Federalists The Democratic - Republicans The Loyalists To which branch of government does the “necessary and proper clause ” apply? a The Legislative The Executive The Judiciary Bureaucracy Which section of the U.S. Constitution lists th e so-called “enumerated powers”? c Article III, section 6 Article II, section 3 Article I, section 8 Article VI, section 2 What impact did Shay s’s Rebellion have on public opini on during the “Critical Period”? d It convinced many that the states required more power in order to check the power of the central government . It convinced many that the U.S. Constitution was in need of amendment . It convinced many that the U.S. was going to win independence in the Revolutionary War . It convinced many that the states were unstable and that a stronger national government was needed . To w hat is the Philadelphia or Federal Convention also referred? b The Annapolis Convention The Constitutional Convention The Continental Convention The S tate Convention Why was the Annapolis Convention of 1786 held? a To discuss problems related to interstate commerce To discuss problems arising out of foreign policy To discuss problems arising out of state relations with Indian tribes To discuss reconciliation with the British Empire What was the Confederation Congress? c The national government created by the Constitution The executive branch component of the national government during the Revolutionary War The central government created by the Articles of Confederation The central government established by the Confederate Con stitution Which one of the following statements accurately describes the process by which the Constitution was ratified? b The Constitution required approval from all 13 state conventions in order to be ratified . The Constitution required approval from nine state conventions in order to be ratified . The Constitution required approval from ten state conventions in order to be ratified . The Constitution required approval by a simple majority of seven states to be ratified. Which one of the following statements accurately delineates the branches of government established by the first three Articles of the Constitution? c Article I established the executive branch, Article II established the legislative branch, and Article III established the judicial branch . Article I established the executive branch, Article II established the judicial branch, and Article III established the legislative branch . Article I established the legislative branch, Article II established the executive branch, and Arti cle III established the judicial branch . None of the above Which one of the following was not a political principle or institutional arrangement that was supported by most of the delegates at the Constitutional Convention? a Strong unitary national executive Limited government and the idea of a written constitution Representative government Separation of powers Which political philosopher (and idea) had the strongest impact on the theory expressed in the Declaration of Independence? a Locke and his idea of natural rights Montesquieu and his idea about the separation of powers Blackstone and his idea of legislative sovereignty Hobbes and his idea of a social compact What did the Declaratory Act of 1766 state regarding the authority of the British King and Parliament over the colonies? a Their power to make laws binding on the colonies in America was absolute . Their power to make laws binding on the colonies in America was subject to colonial review . Their powe r to make laws binding on the colonies in America was subject to international arbitration . Their power to make laws binding on the colonies was limited to trade policy . The Intolerable Acts were passed by the British parliament in response to what event? b The start of the American Revolution The Boston Tea Party The start of the War of 1812 The Stamp Act Congress of 1765 Why did the British impose the Sugar Act in 176 4 and the S tamp Act in 176 5? c To offset colonial revolutionary ambitions To raise revenue for waging a planned war with France To raise revenues to pay off the debts incurred in the Seven Years War To re distribute wealth from the home country back to the colonies Between 1700 and the start of the American Revolution, what did the population of the colonies do every twenty years? c It decreased exponentially It stayed approximately the same It doubled It tripled Frustrations with the Confederation Congress included which of the following? d Inability to secure unanimous consent of the states to amen d the Articles of Confederation Equality of votes between the la rge states and the small states Failure to resolve commercial disputes among the state s All of the above Which one of the following institutions did the Founders leave in the hands of the voters? a House of Representatives Senate President Supreme Court Which one of the following was not a belief of the Founders regarding what a written constitution allows? b to limit and separate institutional power to encourage political parties for officeholders to watch and check each other to define and secure the liberty of citizens After t he Puritans in Massachusetts banished Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson for their unorthodox religious beliefs, the two made their way to ^___ ^. c Connecticut New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont In colonial America, the French threat was removed due to ^___^ . d Gen. Washington’s victory over the French forces at the siege of Yorktown Thomas Jefferson’s purchase of the Louisiana territory from France the alliance between Americans and Hessians in French Canada the British victory in the French and Indian War During the Seven Years War, which one of the following posed the greatest threat to the American colonies? b British troops French troops Spanish troops Dutch troops In England, w ho opposed with force the Puritan s’ demand for religious freedom? d the King the Anglican Church the economic elites All of the above What concept, belief, or value transferred from Europe did the open spaces in America undermine? d intolerance political hierarchy feudal restrictions All of the above The average white man in colonial America wielded an economic and political influence enjoyed by the mass of men in no other place on earth because most had access to ^___^ . c The British Crown religious freedom firearms property During the American Revolution, the best estimates are that ^___^ of adult white males were patriots. a 40 percent 60 percent 80 percent 90 percent The actual declaration of independence approved by the Second Continental Congress was ^___^ . c the Virg inia House of Burgesses’ instruction to its delegates on May 15 an election of a committee to prepare a statement on June 10 Richard Henry Lee’s resolution passed on July 2 Thomas Jefferson’s document adopted on July 4 Richard Henry Lee wrote ^___^ . a The resolution on independence passed by the Second Continental Congress The Declaration of Independence Common Sense The Rights of Man Shays’s Rebellion ^___^ in their decision to call the Federal Constitutional Conventi on Constitution. d was unknown to the Founders and thus of no consequence had no impact on the Founders gave pause and reluctance to the Founders was perceived as a warning of instability by the Founders In the Founders’ development of American democratic constitutionalism, all but which of the following ideas and concepts were included. d limited government separation of powers and checks and balances bicameralism and federalism Oligarchy and equal rights The Great Compromise between the large states and the small states agreed to count slaves as three -fifths of a person with regard to ^___^ . c representation only taxes only both representation and taxes Constitutional ratification The delegates to the Constitutional Conventional decided ^___^ . b to allow the federal government to set the rules for voting and conducting elections to allow each state to set the rules for voting and conducting elections to allow the federal governmen t and each state to establish eligibility for voting and to conduct elections To allow the first Congress to set conditions for voting At the Constitutional Convention, the Brearley Committee proposed the ^___^ . b Great Compromise Electoral College Federalism Interstate Commerce Which clause seemed to defeat the purpose of the Constitution’s list of enumerated powers of Congress? c “take care” cla use “full faith and credit” clause “necessary and proper” clause “privileges and immunities” clause When legislation has been sent to the president by Congress, the president may ^___^ the legislation. d sign veto ignore All of the above How many amendments did Congress send to the states in an effort to add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution? c 10 11 12 13 Multiple -Select Multiple Choice Which two of the following are institutional checks on the legislature’s ability to act rashly? a, c Presidential veto Unilatera lism Bicameralism Incrementalism Montesquieu contributed which two of the following concepts to the constitutional thinking of the Founders? a, d Freedom and equality make moderate government possible Divine right monarchy renders consent unnecessary Society benefits from science, discovery, and inve ntion Government is best limited by institutionally separating political power Which two of the following institutions are necessary to amend the Constitution ? b, d President Congress Supreme Court States Which two of the following were strongly in favor of adding a Bill of Rights to the Constitution? a, d Thomas Jefferson Federalists Alexander Hamilton Anti-Federalists True -False The Intolerable A cts were passed by the colonists to expose the unfairness of the British taxation system. FALSE A republic may retain residual elements of monarchy and aristocracy. TRUE The Puritans of early Massachusetts shared many ideas about politics with medieval Europeans. TRUE The Puritans fled religious persecution to settle in America and then provided all others who also fled religious persecution a safe haven regardless of religious beliefs. FALSE Montesquieu argued that circumstance and a nation's people s hould be considered when deciding what sort of government is most useful and effective for a society. TRUE John Locke and Adam Smith were British intellectuals who influenced American thought. TRUE The concept of individual rights is central to the ideas of indiv idualism and classical liberalism. TRUE The principles of equality and tolerance were inherent among the religious traditions of most of the colonial settlers in America. FALSE The D eclaratory A ct announced the colonists’ intention to withdraw from the crown's jurisdiction. FALSE Rhode Island was the last state to ratify the Constitution. TRUE The new state governments formed during the Revolution tended to empower executives and upper legislative chambers at the expense of lower legislative chambers. FALSE The New Jersey Plan called for a much stronger national government than did the Virginia Plan. FALSE During the colonial period, governors, backed by the power and majesty of the British King and Parliament, ruled the colonies with practically no limitations on their power. FALSE Most of the Founders, though not all, respected the common people even if they did not fully trust them. TRUE The idea of separation of powers was present in the colonial governments on th e eve of the America Revolution. TRUE During the early colonial era, British rule rested lightly on the colonists in America. TRUE British imperial administrators in London chose not to involve themselves deeply in the political and economic affairs of the colonies. TRUE Before the United States, no nation in the world, including Great Britain, had a written constitution. TRUE Open What ideas from John Locke appeared in the Declaration of Independence? How have Individualism and secularism contributed to the development of the American government? In what major ways did diversity impact American colonial development? Do you believe that the social contract is a practical reality or only an abstract idea? Suppor t your answer with concrete examples. Would Montesquieu support the spread of democracy across the globe? Why or why not? What does the notion that there was a natural “openness” of America entail? Discuss the major concepts associated with classical li beralism. What role, if any, did religion play in the colonial settlement of America? Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? If you could have only chosen one plan, would you have preferred the New Jersey plan or Virginia plan? Why? Trace the key steps in the constitutional amendment process. Would you have sided with the Federalists or Anti -Federalists? Why? Discuss the separation of powers and checks and balances within the framework provided by the first three articles of the U .S. Constitution. Discuss the debate between the Federalists and the Anti -Federalists over the ratification of the U .S. Constitution. Discuss the a mendment process for the Constitution as laid out in Article V. Which plan ultimately served as the most influential model for the Constitution and what were some of its major features? Discuss the Great Compromise as fully yet succinctly as possible. Discuss how open space and a diverse population corroded hierarchy in colonial America. Discuss the differences between the authority and role of colonial governors with governors during and after the Revolution. Discuss the values that those who opposed the Revolution that they thought they were defending. Discuss the Founders’ belief that constitutional political institutions were redesigned to remove powers from thei r more elitist elements and add powers to their more popular elements. Discuss Jefferson’s understanding of individual rights. Discuss the various components of American democratic constitutionalism. Chapter 2 – Federalism and the American Constitutional Order – Test Bank for American Government: Constitutional Democracy Under Pressure , 2e Single -Select Multiple Choice Question Answer A B C D ^___^ belong to all sovereign nations, allowing their executives to take whatever measures necessary to defend a nation or protect its interests. c Implied powers Natural rights Inherent powers None of the above. In the case of U.S. v. E.C. Knight , the Supreme Court ^___^. b limited presidential power over state laws limited Congress's regulation of interstate commerce to the transportation of goods across state lines invalidated the claim that states could withdraw from the Union enforced the right of the national government to create unfunded mandates What did the Court declare in the case of Dred Scot v. Sanford (1857)? a Declared that African -Americans were not citizens Declared that African -Americans were not residents Declared that African - Ameri cans were not citizens, but that freed slaves could become citizens Declared that African - Americans were not constitutionally protected property During the time of Dual Federalism, which Supreme Court Chief Justice was associated with nation - centered federalism and which with state -centered federalism? b Taney with nation - centered federalism and Marshall with state -centered federalism Taney with state - centered federalism and Marshall with nation -centered federalism Rehnquist with state - centered federalism and Warren with nation -centered federalism None of the above Does the Constitution guarantee that the federal government has positive obligations to the states? c No. Insofar as the federal government has positive obligations to the s tates, these developed over time and are not a part of the Constitution . Yes. The federal government has constitutional responsibilities toward the states, such as the Tenth Amendment’s “reserve d powers” clause . Yes. The federal government has constitution al responsibilities toward the states, such as Article IV’s guarantee that the states’ republican governments will be protected from invasion and domestic violence . No. Dual sovereignty means national and state responsibilities are completely separate. Has our system always been federally structured, and , if not, what was it originally? c Yes No, it was originally a unitary system No, it was originally a confederal system None of the above In the Supreme Court’s decision in U.S. v. Lopez (1995) , what federalism issue was at stake? a The ability of the Congress to regulate interstate commerce as a police power regarding handgun proximity to schools The ability of the Congress to regulate interstate commerce as a police power regarding transport of arms across state boundaries The ability of the Congress to regulate interstate commerce as a police power regarding the imposition of national mandates on racial equality in hiring and promotion procedures within local law enforcement departments The abil ity of the president to uti lize executive orders to impose and enforce affirmative action dictates What was the derisive term used for the increased usage of categorical grants and national mandates? c Creative federalism Socialist federalism Coercive fed eralism Confederalism What are block grants? a Federal funds made available to states and communities with wide discretion for how the money is spent in a broad substantive area of policy The same thing as enterprise zones which identify blocks eligible for tax breaks Corporate tax revenues returned to the states in which the corporations were headquatered Federal funds made available to states and communities with narrow discretion for how the money is spent in a limited substantive area of poli cy What is a categorical grant? c A program for economic development in older cities Federal funds made available to states and communities in which they have discretion over how the money is spent within a broad substantive area s A program for providing funds to states and communities by the federal government for a specific purpose and usually requiring a distinct application, implementation, and reporting procedure The same thing as a block grant What was the significance of the U.S. v. E.C. Knight (1895) decision for the development of American federalism? b It expanded Congress’ abil ity to regulate interstate commerce by including manufacturing and production as categories covered . It limited Congress’ ability to regulate interstate commerce by excluding manufacturing and production as categories covered . It established the principle of “separate but equal” with regard to the national government’s ability to intervene in state segregation issues . It claimed that the executive could not impose regulations on the American national economy even in the face of an economic crisis . What is the “doctrine of nullification ”? a The claim that states have the right to nullify national acts that they believe to be beyond national constitutional authority The claim that states do not have the right to nullify national acts that they believe to be beyond national constitutional authority The claim that local governments have the right to nullify state acts that they believe to be beyond state constitutional authority The claim that state governments have the right to nullify local acts that they believe to be beyond the local constitutional authority What is secession? a The claim that states have the right to withdraw from the Union The claim that states do not have the right to withdraw from the Union The claim that states can join in confederation with other countries The claim that states with strong economic growth may keep more of their revenues Is the United States today a federal, confederal, unitary , or world government? a Conf ederal Federal Unitary World What were most of the empires of the ancient world and monarchies of Europe regarding the division of power between levels of government? c Conf ederal Federal Unitary None of the above What was the original meaning of the word federalism? a That government rested on the idea of treaty, compact, or covenant That government rested on the notion of a division of powers among the people That government rested on the notion of a separation of powers That government based on state sovereignty was dang erous What is an example of a concurrent power? b To maintain local governments To tax To conduct war against foreign countries Any inherent power What kind s of power ha ve allowed executives to take actions in the name of national interests? c Implied powers Concurrent powers Inherent powers Expressed powers What are the three categories of reserved powers regarding state governments? b Police power, fire alarm power, and ambulance power Police power, provision of service s to citizens, and the creation and control of local governments Security, administration, and economics All of the above Where do the reserved powers find their constitutional mandate? c In the Eighth Amendment In Article IV In the Tenth Amendment In Article V What power was expanded by the Supreme Court decision in Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)? b The power of the executive to arbitrate labor and management disputes The broad power of the Congress to regulate interstate commerce due to the notion of “continuous journey” The power of the Supreme Court and other federal appellate courts to invoke judicial review The power of the Congress to regulate completely within state commerce regardless of whether the commerce crosses state boundaries What does extradition mean? b Persons accused of illegal immigration shall be returned to the state they first enter ed Persons accused of a crime in one state fleeing into another state shall be returned to the state in which the crime was committed Persons accused of a crime in one country fleeing into another country shall not be returned to the country in which the crime was committed Persons sentenced to death must be treated fairly by race Which court case dealt specifically with the guaranteeing of privileges and immunities for residents from one state by the government of another state? a Paul v. Virginia (1869) Paul v. John (1969) Joe v. Virginia (1870) The Slaughterhouse Cases Which of the fo llowing are two constitutional provisions that de al with interstate relations? c The Full Faith and Credit Clause and the Tenth Amendment The concept of extradition and the Little Faith and Credit Clause The Full Faith and Credit Clause and the Privileges and Immunities Clause Sovereign Immunity and the Tenth Amendment Which of the following are two powers denied to the states? b The power to tax and the power to engage in alliances with other countries The power to keep armies and navies and th e power to make treaties The military power and the power to coin money Foreign policy and domestic policy powers Which one of the following assertions best reflects the attitudes of Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson regarding the question of how the states relate to the federal government? c Only the opinions of the founding generation can properly answer this question. “Trust busting” of private sector actors through federal oversight is not a proper answer to this question. Political and economic development force us to consider new answers to this question. Neither president encouraged a more dynamic view of federalism. Approximately how many governments exist within the federal system of the United States? d 51 governments More than 700 governments More than 8,000 governments More than 90,000 governments The decision by the U.S. Supreme Court to uphold Obamacare was argued on the basis of the ^___^ . b commerce clause power to tax implied powers categorical grant authority For most of American history, the claims of state officials that federal officials construed their powers too broadly and infringed on state powers protected by the Tenth Amendment were taken seriously in the federal courts until ^___^ . c the Great Compr omise the Great Transformation the Great Depression the Great Society To stop the Supreme Court from striking down major parts of his legislative agenda, FDR attempted to ^___^ the court. a pack impeach fire All of the above In the mid -1980s the Sup reme Court began to challenge the federal government’s expansive social programs and an aggressive regulatory agenda on the basis of ^___^ . d the First Amendment the Second Amendment the Ninth Amendment the Tenth Amendment Formal nullification refers to the ^___^ . a state government declaring an act of Congress void and the federal courts upholding that claim Supreme Court declaring an act of a state void and Congress upholding the d ecision in enabling legislation Congress declaring an executive order void and empowering the states to ignore the order through enabling legislation state legislatures passing contrary laws or declining to enforce federal mandates or the public demonstra ting an unwillingness to comply Informal nullification refers to the ^___^ . d state government declaring an act of Congress void and the federal courts upholding that claim Supreme Court declaring an act of a state void and Congress upholding the decision in enabling legislat ion Congress declaring an executive order void and empowering the states to ignore the order through enabling legislation state legislatures passing contrary laws or declining to enforce federal mandates or the public demonstrating an unwillingness to comply In American federalism, sovereignty is located in ^___^ . c the federal government only the state governments only both the federal government and the state governments neither the federal government nor the state governments The Supremacy Clause in Art. VI of the U.S. Constitution states that the ^___^ shall be the supreme law of the land. b Constitution, federal laws, and state laws Constitution, federal laws, and treaties federal laws, treaties, and state laws Constitution , treaties, and state laws The “necessary and proper” clause suggests that Congress has a general authority beyond and in addition to its ^___^ powers. d inherent reserved prohibited enumerated Which of the following is not true regarding a compound republic? c National and state governments exercise dual sovereignty. Double security exists to protect the rights of the people. The Constitution establishes double jeopardy as a fundamental righ t. Powers are delegated to two separate governments. Following the Civil War, “Jim Crow” laws were enacted in the South to ^___^ . b incorporate the Emancipation Proclamation segregate the races integrate Reconstruction efforts assimilate the combatants into society In the case of Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court declared a section of an act of Congress, the Judiciary Act of 1789, to be ^___^ . c inherent implied unconstitutional constitutional The decision by the Supreme Court in McCulloch v. Maryland, ^___^ . b interpreted the powers of Congress narrowly and expanded the right of states to interfere with federal law interpreted the powers of Congress broadly and limit ed state interference with federal law interpreted the powers of the states broadly and limit ed federal interference with state law interpreted the powers of Congress and the states narrowly to limit both in interfering with each other Which set of the following court cases under John Marshall produced decisions by the Supreme Court that attempted to embed the nation -centered vision of federalism in the Constitution? b U.S. v. E.C. Knight, Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland Marbur y v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, Gibbons v. Ogden Gibbons v. Ogden, U.S. v. E.C. Knight, Marbury v. Madison McCulloch v. Maryland, Gibbons v. Ogden, U.S. v. E.C. Knight Modern opponents of states’ rights claim that ^___^ standards must be set and maintained in the area of equal rights for minorities and women, as well as in such areas as health, welfare, and education. a national local both national and local state Contemporary states’ rights arguments continue to focus on the virtues of ^___^ control. d national local both national and local state Which one of the following presidential program s attempted to end racial discrimination, protect civil liberties, reform criminal justice procedures, and d “Square Deal” “New Deal” “New Frontier” “Great Society” afford new protections to righ ts of the accused and convicted? Preemption is the power of the national government ^___^ . c to punish international lawbreakers to interdict unlawful drug shipments to push aside state law to nullify decisions by courts of law “Sanctuary cities” are generally understood to be local governments that declare that they will not cooperate in the enforcement of federal ^___^ laws. d anti-marijuana gun control anti-abortion immigration State governments receive more than ^___^ of their general revenue directly from the federal government. c one-eighth one-fourth one-third one-half Adopting earlier legal arguments of conservatives, Democrats and progressives also relied on legal argument s based on ^___^ to oppose Donald Trump’s executive order banning “sanctuary cities.” c human rights provisions in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights individual rights of the accused in the IV, V, and VI Amendments to the U.S. Constitution states’ rights and the 10th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution None of the above When the Trump administration decided to withdraw from the Paris climate change accords, California’s Democratic Governor, Jerry Brown, pledged to ^___^ the president’s decision. c support ignore resist In fact, the governor pledged nothing. Multiple -Select Multiple Choice Reserved powers ^___^ and ^___^ . c, d include those that allow sovereign states to maintain a military include the power to tax are supported by the 10th Amendment refer to those powers reserved to the states or to the peop le Federalism allocates and limits ^___^ and ^___^ between levels of government. a, d political power liberty individual rights responsibility What were the old models of government that the Founders rejected at the Constitutional Convention of 1787? b, c federal confederation unitary international At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which two ideas laid open the possibility that within a single territory there might be two sets of governments and two sets of public officials assigned clear and specific responsibilities and powers? a, d constitutionalism democracy representation limited government Throughout the history of America n federalism, tension has existed between ^___^ and ^___^ . a, c the elastic clause and the supremacy clause the take care clause and the establishment clause the powers reserved to the individual states by the Tenth Amendment the rights retained by the people by the Ninth Amendment President Bush’s policies associated with his devolution federalism were ^___^ when ^___^ strained state budgets. b, c accelerated reversed low taxes the “Great Recession”