(Solution Manual) Engineering Fundamentals An Introduction to Engineering

Moaveni, 6

Engineering

Solution Manual

6th Edition

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Solution Manual for Engineering Fundamentals An Introduction to Engineering, The downloadable file consists of 404 pages, and the total size of the file is 5.04 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Moaveni

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1  © 2020 Cengage Learning®. All Ri ghts Reserved. May not be scann ed, copied or duplicated, or pos ted to a publicly accessible we bsite, in whole or  in part. Engineering Fundamentals An Introduction to Engineering, 6e Saeed Moaveni (Solutions Manual All Chapters) Chapter 1: Introduction to the Engineering Profession 1.20 Estimate the amount of copy or printing paper th at you use every year. A 500-sheet ream of copy paper has an approximate mass of 5 pounds (2.27 kg). Ho w much of this consumption is truly necessary, and how much of your own paper consumption could be avoided? State your assumptions. SOLUTION For exam ple, on average, I us e 15 pages per day; then on a year ly basis, I use 5475 pages (15 x 365). (5475 pages year)(5 pounds 500 pages) = 54.75pounds of paper year -Print only when necessary; convert online articles, emails; onl ine receipts, etc. to PDF and save them electronically. Submit reports electronically whe n appropriate. -Print on both sides of the paper. 2  © 2020 Cengage Learning®. All Ri ghts Reserved. May not be scann ed, copied or duplicated, or pos ted to a publicly accessible we bsite, in whole or  in part. 3  © 2020 Cengage Learning®. All Ri ghts Reserved. May not be scann ed, copied or duplicated, or pos ted to a publicly accessible we bsite,  in whole or in part. Chapter 4: Engineering Communication 4.14 Plot the following data. Use two di fferent y-axes. Use a scale of zero to 100 °F for temperature, and zero to 12 mph f or wind speed. Present your wo rk using the ideas discussed in this chap ter and engineer ing papers. Time (p.m.) Temperature ( °F) Wind Speed (mph) 1 75 4 2 80 5 3 82 8 4 82 5 5 78 5 6 75 4 7 70 3 8 68 3 SOLUTION Figure 4-14 Plot of temperature and wind speed as a function o f time0102030405060708090 012345678 Time (p.m.) 0123456789 Temperature (F) Wind Speed (mph) 4  © 2020 Cengage Learning®. All Ri ghts Reserved. May not be scann ed, copied or duplicated, or pos ted to a publicly accessible we bsite,  in whole or in part. 4. 15 Create a table that shows the relationship between the units o f temperature in degree Celsius and Fahrenheit in the range of -50 ° to 50 °C. Use Increments of 10°C. Present your work using the id eas discussed in this chapter and engineering paper. SOLUTION The relationship between the units of temperature in degrees Ce lsius and Fahrenheit Temperature (°C) Temperature (°F) -50 -58 -45 -49 -40 -40 -35 -31 -30 -22 -25 -13 -20 -4 -15 5 -10 14 -5 23 0 32 5 41 10 50 15 59 20 68 25 77 30 86 35 95 40 104 45 113 50 122 4.16 Create a table that shows the relationship between the units of mass in kilogram and pound mass in the range of 50 kg to 120 kg. Use increments of 10 kg. Present your work using the ideas discusse d in this chapter and enginee ring paper. 5  © 2020 Cengage Learning®. All Ri ghts Reserved. May not be scann ed, copied or duplicated, or pos ted to a publicly accessible we bsite,  in whole or in part. SOLUTION The relationship between the units of mass in kilograms and pou nd mass mass (kg) m a s s (lbm) 50 110.2 60 132.3 70 154.3 80 176.4 90 198.4 100 220.5 110 242.5 120 264.6 4.17 The given data show the result of a model known as stopping sight distance, used by civil engineers to design roadw ays. This simple model estima tes the distance a driver needs in order to stop his car traveling at a certain sp eed after detecting a hazard. Present your work using the ideas discussed in this cha pter and engineering papers. SOLUTION Speed (mph ) Speed (ft/s) Stoppin g Sight Distance (ft) 0 0.0 0 5 7.3 21 10 14.7 47 15 22.0 78 20 29.3 114 25 36.7 155 30 44.0 201 35 51.3 252 40 58.7 309 45 66.0 370 50 73.3 436 55 80.7 508 60 88.0 584 65 95.3 666 70 102.7 753 75 110.0 844 80 117.3 941 6  © 2020 Cengage Learning®. All Ri ghts Reserved. May not be scann ed, copied or duplicated, or pos ted to a publicly accessible we bsite,  in whole or in part. 4.18 The given data represent the velocity distribution for a flow of a fluid inside a circular pipe with a radius of 0.1 m. Plot the data using engin eering paper and incorporating the ideas dis cussed in this chapter. SOLUTION r u (r) -0.1 0 -0.09 0.095 -0.08 0.18 -0.07 0.255 -0.06 0.32 -0.05 0.375 -0.04 0.42 -0.03 0.455 -0.02 0.48 -0.01 0.495 0 0.5 0.01 0.495 0.02 0.48 0.03 0.455 0.04 0.42 0.05 0.375 0.06 0.32 0.07 0.255 0.08 0.18 0.09 0.095 0.1 0 4.19 In an annealing process—a proce ss wherein materials such as g lass and metal are heated to high temperatures a nd then cooled slowly to toughen t hem — thin steel plates are heated to temperatures of 900 oC and then cooled in an environment with temperature of 35oC. The results of an annealing p rocess for a thin plate are shown below. Plot the data 7  © 2020 Cengage Learning®. All Ri ghts Reserved. May not be scann ed, copied or duplicated, or pos ted to a publicly accessible we bsite,  in whole or in part. SOLUTION Time (hr) Temperature (ºC) 0 900 0.2 722 0.4 580 0.6 468 0.8 379 1 308 1.2 252 1.4 207 1.6 172 1.8 143 2 121 2.2 103 2.4 89 2.6 78 2.8 69 3 62 3.2 57 3.4 52 3.6 49 3 . 8 4 6 4 4 4 4 . 2 4 2 4 . 4 4 0 4 . 6 3 9 4 . 8 3 8 5 3 8 4.20 The relationship between a spri ng force and its d eflection is given in the accompanying table. Plot the results using engineering paper an d incorporating the ideas discussed in this chapter. 8  © 2020 Cengage Learning®. All Ri ghts Reserved. May not be scann ed, copied or duplicated, or pos ted to a publicly accessible we bsite,  in whole or in part. SOLUTION X (mm) F (N) 0 0 5 10 10 20 15 30 20 40 9  © 2020 Cengage Learning®. All Ri ghts Reserved. May not be scann ed, copied or duplicated, or pos ted to a publicly accessible we bsite, in  whole or in part. Chapter 5: Engineering Ethics 5.1 The following is a series of que stions pertaining to the NSPE Code of Ethics. Please indicate whether the statements are true or false. These questi ons are provided by the NSPE. Note: This ethics test is intended solely to test individual knowledge of the specific language contained in the NSPE Code of Et hics and is not intended to measure individual knowledge of engin eering ethics or the ethics of individual engineers or engineering students. 1. Engineers in the fulfillment of their profes sional duties must carefully consid er the safety, health a nd welfare of the public. False 2. Engineers may perform services outside of th eir areas of competence as long as they inform their empl oyer or client of this fact. False 3. Engineers may issue subjective and partial s tatements if such statements are in writing and consistent with the best interests of the ir employer, client or t he public. False 4. Engineers shall act for each employer or cli ent as faithful agents or trustees. True 5. Engineers shall not be required to engage tr uthful acts when required to prot ect the public health, s afety, and welfare. False 6. Engineers may not be required to follow the provisions of state or federal law when such actions could endanger or compromise their empl oyer or their client's interests. False 7. If engineers' judgment is overruled under ci rcumstances that endanger life or property, they shall n otify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriate. True 8. Engineers may review but shall not approve t hose engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standards. False 9. Engineers shall not reveal facts, data or in formation without the prior con sent of the client or e mployer except as authorized or required by law or this Cod e. True 10  © 2020 Cengage Learning®. All Ri ghts Reserved. May not be scann ed, copied or duplicated, or pos ted to a publicly accessible we bsite, in  whole or in part. 10. Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or their associate’s name in bus iness ventures with an y person or firm that they believe is engaged in fraudulent o r dishonest enterprise, unless such enterprise or activi ty is deemed consistent with applicable state or federal law. False 11. Engineers having knowledge of any alleged v iolation of this Code, following a period of thirty days during which the violation is not c orrected, s hall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and, when re levant, also to public authorities, and cooperate with th e proper authorities in furnish ing such information o r assistance as may be required. False 12. Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involved. True 13. Engineers shall not affix their signatures to plans or documents dealing with subject matter in whi ch they lack competence, but may affix their signatures t o plans or documents not prepared under their direction and control where the engineer h as a good faith belief t hat such plans or documents were competently prepared by an other designated party. False 14. Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for c oordination of an entire project and shall sign and seal the engineering document s for the entire project, including each technical seg ment of the plans and documents. False 15. Engineers shall strive to be objective and truthful in professional reports, statements or testimon y, with primary consideration f or the best interests of the engineer's client or employer. The engineer' s reports shall include all relevant and pertinent informati on in such reports, statements or testimony, which shal l bear the date on which the engi neer was retained by t he client to prepare the reports. False 16. Engineers may express publicly technical op inions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matter. True 11  © 2020 Cengage Learning®. All Ri ghts Reserved. May not be scann ed, copied or duplicated, or pos ted to a publicly accessible we bsite, in  whole or in part. 17. Engineers shall issue no statements, critic isms, or arguments on technical matters that are insp ired or paid for by interested parties, unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the inter ested parties on whose behalf they are speaking, and by re vealing the existence of any inter est the engineers may have in the matters. True 18. Engineers may not participate in any matter involving a conflict of interest if it could influence o r appear to influence their judgm ent or the quality of t heir services. False 19. Engineers shall not accept compensation, fi nancial or otherwise, from more than one party for serv ices on the same project, or for s ervices pertaining to the same project, unless the circumstances are fully d isclosed and agreed to by all in terested parties. True 20. Engineers shall not solicit but may accept financial or other valuable consid eration, directly or in directly, from outside agents in c onnection with the work f or which they are responsible, if such compensation is ful ly disclosed. False 21. Engineers in public service as members, adv isors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governm ental body or department may participate in decisions w ith respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineeri ng practice as long as such decisions do not involve techni cal engineering matters for which they do not po sses professional competence. False 22. Engineers shall not solicit or accept a con tract from a governmental body on which a principal or of ficer of their organization serves as a member. True 23. Engineers shall not intentionally falsify t heir qualifications or actively permit written misrepresentation of their or their associate's qualifications. Engineers may ac cept credit for previous work perf ormed where the work w as performed during the period the engineer was employed by the previous employer. Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation o f employment shall specifically indicate the work perform ed and the dates the engineer was employed by the firm. False 12  © 2020 Cengage Learning®. All Ri ghts Reserved. May not be scann ed, copied or duplicated, or pos ted to a publicly accessible we bsite, in  whole or in part. 24. Engineers shall not offer, give, solicit, o r receive, either directly or indirec tly, any contribution to influence the award of a contract by a public authority, or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect or intent of influencing t he award of a contrac t unless such contribution is made in accordance with appl icable federal or state election campaign finance laws and regulations. False 25. Engineers shall acknowledge their errors af ter consulting with their employer or client. False 13 © 2020 Cengage Learning®. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 6: Fundamental Dimensions and Systems of Units 6.1 Convert the information given in the accompanying table from SI units to U.S. Customary units. Refer to conversion tables on the front and back end sheets of this book. Show all steps of your solutions. See Examples 6.3 and 6.4. Convert from SI units To U.S. Customary units 120 km/h miles/h and ft/s 1000 W Btu/hr and horsepower 100 m3 ft3 80 kg lbm 1000 kg/m3 lbm/ft3 900 N lbf 100 kPa lbf/in2 9.81 m/s2 ft/s2 SOLUTION miles/h 5.74ft 5280mile 1 m 1ft 28.3 km 1m 1000 hkm 120  ft/s 109.3s 3600h 1 m 1ft 28.3 km 1m 1000 hkm 120    Btu/h3412kW 1 Btu/h3412kW 1    hp 341.1kW 1hp 1.341kW 1   33 3ft 3529m 1ft 28.3m 100   2.2046 lbm80 kg 176.4 lbm1 kg     3 3 3kg 1 m 2.2046 lbm lbm1000 62.5 m 3.28 ft 1 kg ft              14 © 2020 Cengage Learning®. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  -3224.809 10 lbf900 N 202.3 lbf1 N       226 3 inlb 5.14 Pa 1inlb100377.145 Pa 10100       2 2sft 2.32m 1ft 3.28 sm 81.9  6.2 Convert the information given in the accompanying table from U.S. Customary units to SI units. Refer to conversion tables on the inside and back covers of this book. Show all steps of your solutions. See Examples 6.3 and 6.4. Convert from U.S. Customary Units To SI Units 65 miles/h km/h and m/s 60,000 Btu/h W 120 lbm/ft3 kg/m3 30 lb/in2 kPa 200 lbm kg 200 lbf N SOLUTION km/h 6.104ft 28.3m 1 m 000 1km 1 mile 1ft 5280 hmiles65  m/s 29s 3600h 1 km 1m 1000 hkm 6.104  kW 17.6 Btu/h3412kW 1 hBtu 60000  3 3 3 31bm 1 kg/m120 1920 kg/mft 0.06248 lbm/ft        15 © 2020 Cengage Learning®. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. kPa 206.8lb/in10 145.0377 Pa1 inlb302 6- 2   1 kg200 lbm 90.7 kg2.2046 lbm      -31 N200 lbf 890 N224.809 10 lbf      6.3 The angle of twist for a shaft subjected to twisting torque can be expressed by the following equation JGTL where    = the angle of twist in radians T = applied torque (N ·m) L = length of the shaft in meter (m) J = shaft's polar moment of inertia (measure of resistance to twisting) G = shear modulus of the material in N/m2 What is the appropriate unit for J, if the preceding equation is to be homogenous in units? SOLUTION 4 2m mNmN.m GTLJ Note  is dimensionless and the appropriate SI unit for J is m4. 16 © 2020 Cengage Learning®. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 6.4 Which one of the following equations is dimensionally homogenous? Show your proof. a. maF b. RVmF2  c. )Vm(V)tF(t12 12  d. mVF e. )()( 1212 ttVVmF where F = force (N) m = mass (kg) a = acceleration (m/s2) V = velocity (m/s) R = radius (m) t = time (s) SOLUTION a. maF N = (kg)(m/s2) This relationship is dimensionally homogenous, since Newton's Second law is used to define one newton. b. RVmF2  N = (kg)(m/s)2/m = (kg)(m/s2) Dimensionally homogenous. c. )Vm(V)tF(t12 12  (N)(s) = (kg)(m/s)  N = (kg)(m/s2) Dimensionally homogenous. 17 © 2020 Cengage Learning®. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. d. mVF N = (kg)(m/s) Not dimensionally homogenous. e. )()( 1212 ttVVmF N = (kg)(m/s)/(s) = (kg)(m/s2) Dimensionally homogenous. 6.5 Determine the number of significant digits for the following numbers: Number of Significant Digits 286.5 2.2 x 102 2200 0.0286 SOLUTION Number of Significant Digits 286.5 Four 2.2 x 102 Two 2200 Unknown, if we meant to write 2.2 x 103 then two significant digits; If we meant to write 2200.0 then four significant digits 0.0286 Three 18 © 2020 Cengage Learning®. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 6.6 Present the results of the following operations using the proper number of significant digits. Your Calculator Displays Should be recorded as 1.2856 + 10.1 = 155 – 0.521 = 155 – 0.52 = 1558 x 12 = 3.585 / 12 = SOLUTION Your Calculator Displays Should be recorded as 1.2856 + 10.1 11.3856 11.3 155 – 0.521 = 154.479 154 155 – 0.52 = 154.48 154 1558 x 12 = 18696 1.86 x 104 3.585 / 12 = 0.29875 0.29 6.11 How many gallons of gasoline would be saved if someone drives a car with 35 miles per gallon versus a car with 20 miles per gallon? Assume the car is driven 12,000 miles per year for the next 10 years. SOLUTION ൮12,000 miles 20 miles 1 gallon-12,000 miles 35 miles 1 gallon൲(10 years) = 2,571 gallons 6.13 Which one of the following equation is dimensionally homogenous? Show your proof. a. 2 12 2 1221 21)( mV mVxxF   b. 2 12 221 21mV mVF   19 © 2020 Cengage Learning®. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. c. 2 12 2 1221 21)( mxmxVVF  d. 1 2 12)( mVmVttF  where F = Force (N) x = distance (m) m = mass (kg) V = velocity (m/s) t = time (s) SOLUTION a. N.m.).mkg)(m/s( kg)(m/s)(?)m)(N(2 2   dimensionally homogenous b. ).mkg)(m/s( kg)(m/s)(?)N(2 2  not dimensionally homogenous c. 2kg)(m)(?)m/s)(N(  not dimensionally homogenous d. N.s.)ss)(smkg)(( kg)(m/s)(?)s)(N(    dimensionally homogenous 6.14 A car has a mass of 1500 kg. Express the mass and the weight of the car using B.G. and U.S. Customary units. Show the conversion steps. SOLUTION mass: slugs 8.102kg 14.593slug 1(kg) 1500     20 © 2020 Cengage Learning®. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. mmlb 3307kg 0.4536lb 1(kg) 1500     weight:  N 47151m/s 9.81(kg) 15002 lb 3308N 4.448lb 1(N) 14715  6.15 Express the kinetic energy 2 1(mass)(speed)2of a car with a mass of 1200 kg and moving at a speed of 100 km/h using SI, BG, and U.S. Customary units. Show the conversion steps. SOLUTION m/s 27.7km 1m 000 1 s 3600h 1 hkm(100)speed    J 104.6N.m104.6.mkg.m/s 104.6 m/s 27.7kg) )(120021(K.E.5 5 2 5 2      ft.lb10 3.4J .3558 1ft.lb 1 J 104.6K.E.5 5 6.16 A machine shop has a rectangular floor shape with dimensions of 30 ft by 50 ft. Express the area of the floor in ft2, m2, in2, and cm2. Show the conversion steps. SOLUTION 2ft 1500 ft) ft)(50 (30 A   22 2m 139.4 ft 3.28m 1)ft (1500 A  21 © 2020 Cengage Learning®. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 22 2in 216000 ft 1in 12)ft (1500 A  2 42 2cm10 139.4 ft 0.0328cm 1)ft (1500 A  6.17 A trunk of a car has a listed luggage capacity of 18 ft3. Express the capacity in in3, m3, and cm3. Show the conversion steps. SOLUTION 33 3in 31104 ft 1in 12)ft (18 V    33 3m 0.51 ft 3.28m 1)ft (18 V  3 43 3cm1051 ft 0.0328cm 1)ft (18 V  6.18 A car has a listed 300 horsepower, 3.5 liter engine. Express the engine size in both kW and in3. Show the conversion steps. SOLUTION kW 224 hp 1kW 0.7457) hp (300 Power     33 3 in 214 cm 2.54in 1 liter 1cm 1000)liter (3.5 V      22 © 2020 Cengage Learning®. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 6.19 The density of air at standard room conditions is 1.2 kg/m3. Express the density in BG and U.S. Customary units. Show the conversion steps. SOLUTION 33 3slugs/ft 0.00233 kg 14.593slug 1 ft 3.28m 1 mkg) (1.2 Density     3 mm3 3/ftlb 0.075 kg 0.4536lb 1 ft 3.28m 1 mkg) (1.2 Density     6.20 On a summer day, in Phoenix, Arizona, the inside room temperature is maintained at 68F while the outdoor air temperature is a sizzling 110 F. What is the outdoor- indoor temperature difference in: (a) degrees Fahrenheit, (b) degrees Rankine, (c) degrees Celsius, and (d) kelvin? Is one degree temperature difference in Celsius equal to one degree temperature difference in kelvin, and is one degree temperature difference in Fahrenheit equal to one degree temperature difference in Rankine? If so, why? SOLUTION (a) FFF TTindoor outdoor  4268 110  (b) R FTRToutdoor outdoor  570460110460)( )(   R FTRTindoor indoor  52846068460)( )(   RRR TTindoor outdoor  42 528570  Note that the temperature difference expressed in degrees Fahrenheit is equal to the temperature difference expressed in degrees Rankine. 23 © 2020 Cengage Learning®. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. (c) C FTCToutdoor outdoor  3.43)32110(95)32)((95)(   C FTCTindoor indoor  20)3268(95)32)((95)(   C CC TTindoor outdoor  3.23203.43   (d) K CTKToutdoor outdoor 3.3162733.43273)( )(   K CTKTindoor indoor 29327320273)( )(   KKK TTindoor outdoor 3.232933.316   Note that the temperature difference expressed in degrees Celsius is equal to the temperature difference expressed in Kelvin.     460)(460)(460)( 460)()()(2 1)( 2)( 1 2 12 1       FT FT FT FTRTRTRT RT            And simplifying the above relationship leads to: )()()()(2 1 2 1 FTFTRTRT    Also note that you could have converted the temperature difference in degree Rankine to Kelvin directly in the following manner: K RTKT 3.23)42)(95()(95)(   24 © 2020 Cengage Learning®. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 6.21 A cantilever beam shown in the accompanying figure is commonly used to support a load acting on a balcony. The deflection of the centerline of the beam is given by the following equation: 3 2 2( 4 6 )24wxy x Lx LEI   where y = deflection at a given x location, (m) w = distributed load E = modulus of elasticity (N/m2) I = second moment of area (m4) x = distance from the support as shown (m) L = length of the beam (m) A cantilever beam What is the appropriate unit for w, if the preceding equation is to be homogenous in units? Show all steps of your work. SOLUTION 3 2 2 4(m)m (m ) N/m(N/m )(m )ww    25 © 2020 Cengage Learning®. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 6.22 A model known as stopping sight distance is used by civil engineers to design roadways. This simple model estimates the distance a driver needs in order to stop his car traveling at a certain speed after detecting a hazard. The model proposed by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) is given by TVGfgVS )(22 where S = stopping sight distance (ft) V = initial speed (ft/s) g = acceleration due to gravity, 32.2 ft/s2 f = coefficient of friction between tires and roadway G = grade of road T = driver reaction time (s) What are the appropriate units for f and G if the preceding equation is to be homogenous in units? Show all steps of your work. SOLUTION (s)(ft/s)G))(f(ft/s(ft/s)ft22  f and G are unitless. 6.23 In an annealing process—a process wherein materials such as glass and metal are heated to high temperatures and then cooled slowly to toughen them —the following equation may be used to determine the temperature of a thin piece of material after some time t.    tcLh TTTT enviroment initialt environmen 2exp where