(Test Bank) Botany: An Introduction To Plant Biology

9781284157352, Mauseth, 7

Biology

Test Bank

7th Edition

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Test Bank for Botany: An Introduction To Plant Biology, The downloadable file consists of 300 pages, and the total size of the file is 3.42 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Mauseth

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Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, Seventh Edition James D. Mauseth Test Bank Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company CHAPTER 1—Introduction to Plants and Botany Multiple Choice 1. Rose plants often get black spots on their leaves. This is an: A) observation. B) hypothesis. C) theory. D) law. E) explanation. <Answer: A> <A-head: Scientific Method> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Moderate> <Taxonomy: Application> 2. Scientists can use the scientific method to study all of the following except: A) how a plant produces sugars. B) the interpretation of a painting. C) the chemical composition of paint. D) how an ecosystem functions. E) what makes chili peppers hot. <Answer: B> <A-head: Areas Where the Scientific Method Is Inappropriate> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Moderate> <Taxonomy: Application> 3. Which of the following is not part of the scientific method? A) Explaining phenomena controlled by unknowable forces B) Testing of all proposed explanations Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, Seventh Edition James D. Mauseth Test Bank Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company C) Controlled experiments D) Explaining observable phenomena E) Carefully documented observations <Answer: A> <A-head: Scientific Method> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Easy> <Taxonomy: Recall> 4. Which of the following is the probable sequence in which organisms evolved? A) Prokaryotic bacteria à eukaryotic algae à cyanobacteria à land plants B) Eukaryotic bacteria à cyanobacteria à eukaryotic algae à land plants C) Cyanobacteria à prokaryotic bacteria à eukaryotic algae à land plants D) Cyanobacteria à eukaryotic algae à prokaryotic bacteria à land plants E) Prokaryotic bacteria à cyanobacteria à eukaryotic algae à land plants <Answer: E> <A-head: Origin and Evolution of Plants> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Difficult> <Taxonomy: Analysis> 5. The first organisms to evolve have been dated at about: A) 3.5 billion years and were much like present-day bacteria. B) 2.8 billion years and were photosynthetic like present-day cyanobacteria. C) 3.5 billion years and had a nucleus. D) 1.5 billion years and were terrestrial. E) 3.5 billion years and possessed organelles which had specialized functions. <Answer: A> <A-head: Origin and Evolution of Plants> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Easy> <Taxonomy: Recall> Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, Seventh Edition James D. Mauseth Test Bank Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 6. All of the following contribute to carbon dioxide additions to the atmosphere except: A) animals, fungi, and bacteria, which produce carbon dioxide as a by-product of respiration. B) burning wood, coal, natural gas, and other fossil fuels. C) volcanic eruptions. D) formation of calcium carbonate algal shells. E) magma eruptions at mid-ocean ridges. <Answer: D> <A-head: Concepts> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Moderate> <Taxonomy: Application> 7. Which of the following adaptations enable evergreen species to survive the physiological drought that occurs during freezing winter months? A) The aboveground shoot system dies while maintaining a viable subterranean system. B) The leaves are shed. C) The leaves have extra thick cuticles. D) The subterranean root system goes dormant. E) The bark is shed. <Answer: C> <A-head: Diversity of Plant Adaptations> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Moderate> <Taxonomy: Application> 8. The population of grass plants growing in an open field: A) share identical genetic information. B) carry out a metabolism that is uniquely biological and unrelated to the laws of physics and chemistry. C) are adapted to grow and reproduce in the conditions of the open field. D) have well protected fibrous leaves that are no longer capable of photosynthesis. E) lack a means of storing and using information. <Answer: C> <A-head: Using Concepts to Understand Plants> Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, Seventh Edition James D. Mauseth Test Bank Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company <Complexity: Difficult> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Taxonomy: Analysis> 9. Which of the following is a logical question to ask concerning the biological phenomena that roots absorb water? A) Do plants have sources of energy other than sunlight? B) Do plants create carbohydrate reserves in their root systems? C) Do plants have alternative pathways by which water can be absorbed? D) Are roots fibrous and tough in order to be unpalatable to insects? E) Are some leaf modifications intended to trap insects as a source of nutrition? <Answer: C> <A-head: Plants versus the Study of Plants> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Difficult> <Taxonomy: Analysis> 10. All plants have a scientific name consisting of: A) a minimum of three descriptive adjectives. B) the family name and genus name. C) the phylum name and a specific epithet. D) the genus name and a specific epithet. E) the species name and subspecies name. <Answer: D> <A-head: Plants> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Easy> <Taxonomy: Recall> 11. Derived features that have evolved more recently from ancestral features are known as: A) plesiomorphic B) apomorphic C) eukaryotic Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, Seventh Edition James D. Mauseth Test Bank Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company D)prokaryotic <Answer: B> <A-head: Origin and Evolution of Plants> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Easy> <Taxonomy: Recall> 12. Which of the following phrases is the correct description of a scientific theory? A) A hypothesis that has been proven over and over again and becomes generally accepted as truth B) An educated statement that makes a prediction that can be tested C) logical explanations for simple observations without verification D) the principle of never being certain of a conclusion and always being willing to consider new evidence. E) assuming that processes or structures have a purpose <Answer: A> <A-head: Scientific Method> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Easy> <Taxonomy: Recall> True/False 13. The scientific method can, ultimately, explain any concept. <Answer: False> <A-head: Areas Where the Scientific Method Is Inappropriate> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Moderate> <Taxonomy: Application> 14. At one time, fungi were classified as plants. Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, Seventh Edition James D. Mauseth Test Bank Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company <Answer: True> <A-head: Plants> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Easy> <Taxonomy: Recall> 15. The idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as independent, prokaryotic organisms is now a law. <Answer: False> <A-head: Scientific Method> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Difficult> <Taxonomy: Analysis> 16. Eukaryotes with mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved into algae and plants. <Answer: True> <A-head: Origin and Evolution of Plants> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Easy> <Taxonomy: Recall> 17. The principles of chemistry and physics apply only to nonliving things, not to plants. <Answer: False> <A-head: Using Concepts to Understand Plants> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Moderate> <Taxonomy: Application> Fill-in-the-Blank Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, Seventh Edition James D. Mauseth Test Bank Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 18. When new features arise through mutation, _____________________ is the process by which the new features are eliminated from the population or passed on to future generations. <Answer: natural selection> <A-head: Origin and Evolution of Plants> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Moderate> <Taxonomy: Analysis> 19. In contrast to most observations, which are reasonably accurate and trustworthy, _____________________ are human constructs based on observations, intuition, and expectations. <Answer: interpretations> <A-head: Plants versus the Study of Plants> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Moderate> <Taxonomy: Application> 20. Assuming that plants have human characters such as decision-making capabilities is called _____________________. <Answer: anthropomorphism> <A-head: Using Concepts to Understand Plants> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Easy> <Taxonomy: Recall> 21. Numerous scientific studies have shown that all plants are composed of cells. This statement is an example of a well-supported _____________________. <Answer: theory> <A-head: Scientific Method> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Easy> <Taxonomy: Recall> Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, Seventh Edition James D. Mauseth Test Bank Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 22. A key evolutionary step in the history of life occurred when the DNA was packaged within its own nucleus, creating a group of organisms called _____________________. <Answer: eukaryotes> <A-head: Origin and Evolution of Plants> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Easy> <Taxonomy: Recall> Matching 23. Match the following terms with their examples. A) Logical extension of an observation without verification <Answer: Speculative philosophy> B) Creation of species by God <Answer: Religious system> C) Complex reactions of photosynthesis were developed by a wise creator <Answer: Intelligent design> D) Investigates a testable hypothesis <Answer: Scientific method> E) Willingness to consider new evidence that is not in support of an established theory <Answer: Skepticism> [F] Mountains erode over time but the law of gravity is invariable <Answer: Constancy and universality> <A-head: Scientific Method> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Difficult> <Taxonomy: Analysis> 24. Match the following terms with their definitions or examples. A) Three groups into which all organisms are classified. <Answer: Domains> B) Bacteria, cyanobacteria, and archaeans <Answer: Prokaryotes> Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, Seventh Edition James D. Mauseth Test Bank Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company C) Cells with nuclei <Answer: Eukaryotes> D) Protozoans, fungi, and animals <Answer: Eukaryotic cells without chloroplasts> E) Protists <Answer: Eukaryotic cells with chloroplasts> <A-head: Origin and Evolution of Plants> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Moderate> <Taxonomy: Application> Essay 25. Explain why many scientists oppose the addition of intelligent design to science curricula. <Answer: The fundamental premise of intelligent design is that only an intelligent being could create the elaborate structures and complex phenomena of life. This premise does not allow for the testing of alternate hypotheses, the planning of future experiments, and developing a more detailed understanding of the process to be studied. In contrast, the scientific method allows scientists to develop hypotheses that may be tested and then supported or not based on observations.> <A-head: Scientific Method> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Difficult> <Taxonomy: Analysis> 26. Microtubules are long, tubular structures found in virtually all eukaryotic cells. They are composed of a protein called tubulin, which is remarkably similar in all of the eukaryotic cells studied so far, whether they are fungal, plant, animal, or algal cells. Is tubulin an apomorphic or plesiomorphic feature? Explain your Answer. <Answer: Tubulin is likely a plesiomorphic feature, as it likely evolved before the fungal, plant, animal, and algal lineages diverged. Features that appear relatively unchanged over evolutionary time are plesiomorphic features. Apomorphic features evolved more recently and are less likely to have evolved independently among the four lineages described above.> <A-head: Origin and Evolution of Plants> <Subject: Chapter 1> Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, Seventh Edition James D. Mauseth Test Bank Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company <Complexity: Difficult> <Taxonomy: Analysis> 27. Consider the statement “Leaves absorb sunlight.” Use the fundamental concepts related to the study of plants to explain how this relationship is based on the metabolic requirements of the plant and not a decision-making capacity of the plant. <Answer: Some of the information in the plant’s genes causes the plant to produce leaves. The structure and metabolism of leaves results in the absorption of carbon dioxide and sunlight to create organic compounds used by the plant. Plants have leaves because they inherited leaf genes from their ancestors, not in order to absorb carbon dioxide and sunlight.> <A-head: Using Concepts to Understand Plants> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Difficult> <Taxonomy: Analysis> 28. Describe two human–plant interactions that cause global warming. Describe two human–plant interactions that could reverse global warming. <Answer: <Answers will vary but may include conserving existing trees, growing more trees, and engineering long-lived plants with superior carbon dioxide absorption properties.> <A-head: Concepts> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Moderate> <Taxonomy: Application> 29. Explain some of the evidence scientists use to show that not all organisms evolve at the same rate. <Answer: Relictual features are those that remain relatively unchanged over evolutionary history. In contrast, derived features are those that have evolved more recently. Some plants have more relictual features such as ferns, whereas others, like angiosperms, have more derived features. Angiosperms and ferns evolved at different rates.> <A-head: Origin and Evolution of Plants> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Difficult> <Taxonomy: Analysis> Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, Seventh Edition James D. Mauseth Test Bank Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 30. Consider the diversity of physical gradients presented by a mountain. Explain some of the stresses found at different elevations and how specific plant adaptions enable them to survive in different elevational zones. <Answer: The higher elevations are cold and windy; therefore, we would expect short-statured plants that can withstand extreme cold to be close to the boundary layer of the earth. The steep slopes tend to be dry, so we might expect conifers that are adapted to dry conditions. Water accumulates in the flat valley bottoms, so sedges and rushes could thrive, as these plants have special root systems that allow them to persist in water-logged environments.> <A-head: Diversity of Plant Adaptations> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Difficult> <Taxonomy: Analysis> 31. Which are more people likely to agree on, observations about a particular plant or explanations of the observations? <Answer: Observations are reasonably accurate and trustworthy if the observer was careful and reported truthfully. Interpretations are based on human constructs involving observations, intuition, previous experience, calculations, and expectations. Observations tend to be more objective and thus several people can make similar observations. Interpretations are <Subjective and can vary from one individual to the next.> <A-head: Plants Versus the Study of Plants> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Moderate> <Taxonomy: Application> 32. Explain why there is difficulty in creating a singular definition of a plant. <Answer: Botany is the scientific study of plants, but plants have many types and variations. Most plants have leaves, stems, and roots but not all plants have flowers, although many do. A definition that is too inclusive is not useful but one that is too exclusive may be too complicated. Confusion exists within the scientific community, as scientists have not always agreed on whether fungi are plants and whether algae should be classified within the plant kingdom.> <A-head: Plants> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Moderate> <Taxonomy: Application> Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, Seventh Edition James D. Mauseth Test Bank Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 33. List the five absolute characteristics of life. Give an example of a non-living system that shares one of these characteristics. <Answer: 1. Metabolism involving the exchange of energy and matter with the environment. 2. Nonrandom organization. 3. Growth. 4. A system of heredity and reproduction. 5. A capacity to respond to the environment such that metabolism is not adversely affected. Examples of non-living systems that shares one of the characteristics of life: 1. Rivers absorb water from creeks, mix it with mud and boulders, and then “excrete” it into oceans. 2. Crystals have an orderly arrangement as do many cloud patterns, weather patterns, and ripple patterns in flowing streams. 3. Mountains and crystals grow. 4. Fires reproduce but are not alive. 5. Mountains respond to the environment by growing as geological forces push them upward and by becoming smaller as erosion wears them away.> <A-head: The Characteristics of Life> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Moderate> <Taxonomy: Recall> 34. Explain why coccolithophorids are so effective at sequestering carbon in their bodies.. <Answer: Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. Carbon can be sequestered in the bodies of plants and animals only for as long as the animal is alive, then it returns to the atmosphere through the carbon cycle. Coccolithophorids are microscopic algae that secrete a shell composed of calcium carbonate. After death, the dense calcium carbonate shells of coccolithophorids sink to the cold depths of the ocean where low temperatures slow their decay.> <A-head: Algae and Global Warming> <Subject: Chapter 1> <Complexity: Moderate> <Taxonomy: Recall> Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, Seventh Edition James D. Mauseth Test Bank Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company CHAPTER 2—Overview of Plant Life Multiple Choice 1. The primary vegetative organs of plants are: A) stems, leaves, nodes, and axillary buds. B) sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. C) sporangia, seeds cones, and pollen cones. D) roots, stems, and leaves. E) aboveground stems, underground roots, leaves, and flowers. <Answer: D> <A-head: Overview of Plant Structure> <Subject: Chapter 2> <Complexity: Moderate> <Taxonomy: Recall> 2. Which of the following statements best accounts for the fact that a single plant stem may have as many as 20 vascular bundles? A) Vascular bundles serve a similar purpose in plants as arteries do in animals. B) This feature provides the plant with safety through redundancy. C) If a small mammal removes the entire top half of the plant, the vascular system will not be damaged. D) No plant puts all of its sugars, waters, and minerals in 30 vascular bundles. E) A single large vascular bundle would confer higher plants greater fitness. <Answer: B> <A-head: Overview of Plant Structure> <Subject: Chapter 2> <Complexity: Moderate> <Taxonomy: Analysis> 3. The process of respiration breaks down molecules of glucose and transfers its energy to: Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, Seventh Edition James D. Mauseth Test Bank Copyright © 2021 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company A) carbohydrate. B) starch. C) water. D) ATP. E) chlorophyll. <Answer: D> <A-head: Overview of Plant Metabolism> <Subject: Chapter 2> <Complexity: Easy> <Taxonomy: Recall> 4. When leaves are shed in the autumn, this process is likely a direct result of which of the following forms of plant communication? A) Nutrient requirements of developing fruits B) Large amounts of hormones that indicate leaves require water C) Decreased amounts of hormones that indicate leaves require water D) Root growth to increase water and nutrient absorption E) Tendrils bending toward touch <Answer: C> <A-head: Overview of Information in Plants> <Subject: Chapter 2> <Complexity: Difficult> <Taxonomy: Analysis> 5. A botanist finds an unknown plant and upon close examination finds that it is spore bearing, diploid, contains a vascular system, and does not form seeds. This plant is likely an example of a(n): A) moss or liverwort. B) angiosperm. C) fern or lycophyte. D) hornwort or fern. E) gnetophyte or cycad. <Answer: C> <A-head: Overview of Plant Diversity and Evolution> <Subject: Chapter 2>