(Test Bank) Microbiology

Parker,Schneegurt,Thi Tu,Forster,Lister, 1

Biology

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Test Bank for Microbiology, The downloadable file consists of 385 pages, and the total size of the file is 6.92 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Parker, Schneegurt, Thi Tu, Forster, Lister

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TEST BANK 2022 Microbiology by OpenStax by Nina Parker Mark Schneegurt Anh-Hue Thi Tu Brian M. Forster Philip Lister Chapter 1: An Invisible World Chapter 1: An Invisible World * = Correct answer Multiple Choice 1.Which of the following is true of the microbial world? A. All microbes are harmful. B. Humans could survive without microbes. C. Many microbes are helpful.* D. Most microbes are pathogenic. 2.Which individual first observed unicellular organisms, which he called “animalcules,” using a microscope he developed? A. Robert Koch B. Louis Pasteur C. Thucydides D. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek* 3.The Swedish botanist known for having developed an important biological classification system is which of the following people? A. Ernst Haeckel B. Carolus Linnaeus* C. Louis Pasteur D. Robert Whittaker 4.Which are the three currently accepted domains? A. Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya* B. Archaea, Prokaryota, and Eukaryota C. Bacteria, Fungi, and Protista D. Bacteria, Prokaryota, and Eukarya 5.Which two taxonomic units are typically used to identify an organism when using binomial nomenclature? A. domain and kingdom B. genus and family C. genus and species* D. phylum and class 6.Which of the following is not true about the process of fermentation? A. It can help preserve foods, preventing spoilage. B. It converts sugars to organic acids, alcohols, and/or gases such as carbon dioxide. C. It is carried out exclusively by unicellular eukaryotes such as yeast.* D. It is used to make foods such as cheese and bread. Page 1 of 6This study source was downloaded by 100000821292382 from CourseHero.com on 09-24-2022 16:42:13 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/60573187/OSX-Microbiology-review-Ch01-questionsdocx/Chapter 1: An Invisible World 7.Viruses not included in phylogenetic trees for which of the following reasons? A. It is too difficult to observe their characteristics. B. They are acellular and nonliving.* C. They do not have any genes, which prevents genetic analysis. D. They lack a nucleus. 8.Which is the best description of the primary purpose of a phylogeny? A. Phylogenies show all the alterative names for each species. B. Phylogenies show all the common names for each species. C. Phylogenies show evolutionary relatedness between organisms.* D. Phylogenies show interactions between species in a shared habitat. 9.Horizontal gene transfer involves which of the following? A. any transfer of genes in a laboratory setting B. the transfer of genes from a virus to a bacterium or vice versa but not any other form of gene transfer C. the transfer of genes from one individual to another, including from one species to another, but not from parent to offspring* D. the transfer of genes from parent to offspring 10.Bacteria are generally identified to species by using which of the following? A. a combination of genetic, biochemical, and microscopic approaches* B. a combination of microscopic and physiological approaches, but not genetics C. primarily characteristics such as motility that can be visualized using microscopy D. primarily morphological characteristics of individual cells 11.For taxonomic classification of microbes, serological tests typically are used to do which of the following? A. determine complete genome sequences for microbes B. identify proteins on the basis of their reaction with specific antibodies* C. run analyses to identify whether particular genes are present D. visualize microbial external morphology 12.Which of the following is true of bacterial strains? A. They are closely related subtypes within a bacterial species that may or may not have similar properties.* B. They are informal bacterial groupings used for medical distinctions but not recognized for classification purposes. C. They are more distantly related to each other than are members of a single bacterial species. D. They are very similar bacteria with almost identical properties. 13.Which of the following indicates how bacteria and viruses typically compare in size? A. Bacteria are indistinguishable from viruses. B. Bacteria are much larger than viruses.* Page 2 of 6This study source was downloaded by 100000821292382 from CourseHero.com on 09-24-2022 16:42:13 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/60573187/OSX-Microbiology-review-Ch01-questionsdocx/Chapter 1: An Invisible World C. Bacteria are much smaller than viruses. D. Bacteria are similar in size to viruses. 14.Viruses are classified as which of the following? A. Archaea B. Bacteria C. Eukarya D. distinct from the three-domain system* 15.Which of the following is not a curved bacterial shape? A. bacillus* B. spirillum C. spirochete D. vibrio 16.Chitin cell walls are characteristic of which taxonomic group? A. algae B. archaea C. bacteria D. fungi* 17.Yeasts are which of the following? A. a type of algae B. a type of protist C. any unicellular microbe D. unicellular fungi* 18.Which of the following is not true of archaeans? A. Some species live on the human body. B. They are genetically distinct from bacteria. C. They are only found in extreme environments.* D. They have substantial metabolic differences from bacteria. 19.Mycotoxins are produced by which type of organism? A. archaeans B. heterotrophic protists C. molds* D. protozoans 20.The guinea worm is best described as which of the following? A. a helminthic parasite transmitted by consuming contaminated water* B. a type of mold that grows into a worm-like shape and produces antimicrobial chemicals C. a type of protist found in water that has not been properly treated D. a type of protozoan that is unusual because it is multicellular Page 3 of 6This study source was downloaded by 100000821292382 from CourseHero.com on 09-24-2022 16:42:13 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/60573187/OSX-Microbiology-review-Ch01-questionsdocx/Chapter 1: An Invisible World 21.Which of the following is true of the genetics of viruses? A. Viruses always contain DNA and force host cells to produce RNA. B. Viruses always contain DNA and RNA. C. Viruses always contain RNA and force host cells to produce DNA. D. Viruses can contain either DNA or RNA, but not both.* True/False 22.Animal cells are generally about the same size as bacterial cells. Answer: False 23.Analyses of rRNA genes suggest that Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya evolved from a common ancestor. Answer: True 24.The average size of a typical virus is approximately 100 nm. Answer: True Matching 25.Match each type of microbiological tool with the best definition. A. loop i. tool used to transfer microbes from one location to another B. media ii. liquid, solid, or gel that contains nutrients to aid microbial growth C. microincinerator iii. tool used to sterilize equipment D. Petri plate iv. container used to grow microbial cultures Answers: A. i., B. ii., C. iii., D. iv. 26.Match the bacterial shape with the illustration. Page 4 of 6This study source was downloaded by 100000821292382 from CourseHero.com on 09-24-2022 16:42:13 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/60573187/OSX-Microbiology-review-Ch01-questionsdocx/Chapter 1: An Invisible World (credit micrograph “i”: modification of work by Janice Haney Carr, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; credit micrograph “iii”: modification of work by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Answers: A. v., B. i., C. iv., D. iii., E. ii. 27.Match each subfield of microbiology with the most appropriate example. A. bacteriology i. the study of how antibodies are released in response to a pathogen B. immunology ii. the study of how fungi cause disease in plants C. mycology iii. the study of the classification of bacilli D. parasitology iv. the study of how to reduce the rate of guinea worm infections E. protozoology v. the study of heterotrophic protists Answers: A. iii., B. i., C. ii., D. iv., E. v. Fill in the Blank 28.________ is the science of identifying, naming, and classifying living organisms. Answer: Taxonomy 29.Fermentation by yeast produces ethanol and ________ gas. Answer: carbon dioxide 30.Carl Woese and George Fox sequenced and analyzed ________ from a wide range of organisms to build their phylogenetic tree. Answer: rRNA (or ribosomal RNA) 31.The genus of Halobacterium salinarum is ________. Page 5 of 6This study source was downloaded by 100000821292382 from CourseHero.com on 09-24-2022 16:42:13 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/60573187/OSX-Microbiology-review-Ch01-questionsdocx/Chapter 1: An Invisible World Answer: Halobacterium 32.There are ________ nanometers in 520 meters. Answer: 520,000,000,000 Short Answer 33.What is horizontal gene transfer? Sample Answer: Horizontal gene transfer is the transfer of genetic material between two organisms that are not related as parent and offspring. 34.Why are formal scientific names based on a standardized system more useful than simple names that just describe characteristics, such as “orange cat-like animal”? Sample Answer: Organisms may have similar characteristics, especially in closely related species. By having a formal naming system, it is possible to clearly distinguish organisms so that people around the world can identify exactly which organism is being discussed. 35.Of the three domains, which is/are known to contain some human pathogens? Sample Answer: Bacteria and Eukarya contain some species that are human pathogens. No known archaeal pathogens have been identified. Page 6 of 6This study source was downloaded by 100000821292382 from CourseHero.com on 09-24-2022 16:42:13 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/60573187/OSX-Microbiology-review-Ch01-questionsdocx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 2 : How We See the Invisible World Page 1 of 17 Chapter 2: How We See the Invisible World * = Correct answer Multiple Choice 1. Which term is used to refer to a wave’s rate of vibration ? A. amplitude B. frequency * C. trough D. wavelength Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 2. On the figure, which letter represents a refracted ray of light? A. A B. B C. C D. D* Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 3. On the electromagnetic spectrum, which type of wave has the shortest wavelength ? A. cosmic ray* B. infrared ray C. ultraviolet ray D. visible light Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A 4. Dyes are often used during microscopy to increase wh ich of the following ? A. contrast* B. magnification TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 2 : How We See the Invisible World Page 2 of 17 C. motility D. resolution Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard : 32 5. Which of the following was the first to use the term “ cells”? A. Robert Hooke* B. Robert Koch C. Carolus Linnaeus D. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 6. Which of the following is the typical magnification of an object viewed using a 10× ocular lens and a 100 × objective lens on a brightfield microscope ? A. 1× B. 10× C. 100 × D. 1000 ×* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 32 7. Most modern microscopes have two eyepieces, meaning that they are which of the following? A. binocular* B. monocular C. oil immersion D. trinocular Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard : 32 8. An annular stop is used for which type of microscopy? A. confocal B. darkfield C. fluorescence D. phase contrast* Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard : 32 9. Which of the following is the specific name for a stain that colors the background but not the specimen ? TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 2 : How We See the Invisible World Page 3 of 17 A. acid -fast stain B. counterstain C. differential stain D. negative stain* Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 32 10. Which type of microscopy would work best for viewing internal cell structures ? A. atomic force microscopy B. scanning electron microscopy C. scanning tunneling microscopy D. transmission electron microscopy* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 32 11. The Gram-staining procedure is best described as which of the following? A. complex staining B. differential staining* C. negative staining D. simple staining Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 32 12. When there is a substantial difference in refractive index between two material s, which of the following describe s what will happen to light passing from one material to the other ? A. It will fail to be refracted . B. It will undergo a large amount of refraction .* C. It will undergo a small amount of refraction . D. It will undergo a variable amount of refraction . Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A 13. In microscopy, the focal length refers to which of the following? A. a description of the wavelength needed for an image to be in focus B. a measure of the amount of refraction produced by a lens C. a measure of the thickness of the lens needed for an image to be in focus D. the distance to the image point (at which all light entering a lens is parallel)* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 32 14. Which of the following are pigments used in microscopy to absorb and reflect light ? TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 2 : How We See the Invisible World Page 4 of 17 A. chromatographs B. chromophores* C. oilophores D. photophores Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 15. Negative staining is the standard approach used to visualize which structure (s)? A. capsules* B. endospores C. flagella D. nucleoid region s Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 6, 32 16. Which is a standard mordant used in flagella staining ? A. basic fuchsin B. iodine C. safranin D. tannic acid* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 6, 32 17. Which of the following pairs are common acid -fast staining techniques? A. Gram and Kinyoun B. negative and Schaeffer -Fulton C. Ziehl -Neelsen and Kinyoun* D. Ziehl -Neelsen and Schaeffer -Fulton Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 32 18. Which is the primary stain used in the Ziehl -Neelsen technique ? A. acid-alcohol B. carbolfu chsin* C. crystal violet D. methylene blue Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 32 19. Which is the correct order of steps in Gram staining ? A. crystal violet stain, ethanol decolorization, Gram’s iodine mordant, safranin counterstain TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 2 : How We See the Invisible World Page 5 of 17 B. cryst al violet stain, Gram’s iodine mordant, ethanol decolorization, safranin counterstain* C. ethanol stain, crystal violet rinse, safranin counterstain, Gram’s iodine mordant D. safranin stain, Gram’s iodine mordant, ethanol decolorization, crystal violet counterstain Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 32 20. It is important to fix bacterial smears on a slide for which of the following reasons ? A. to attach them to the slide* B. to cause swelling of the cell to make interior structures more visible C. to enhance the uptake of stains D. to provide a nutrient medium to sustain the bacteria Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 32 21. Which of the following is not commonly used for chemical fixation? A. acetic acid B. ethanol C. glutaraldehyde D. iodine * Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 32 22. Which of the following is not involved in preparing a bacterial slide for Gram staining? A. allowing the sample to dry on the slide B. fixing the specimen to the slide C. placing a smear on the slide D. preparing a wet mount* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 32 23. Which of the following most specifically refers to s tains with positively charged chromophore s? A. acid-fast dyes B. acidic dyes C. basic dyes* D. positive dyes Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 32 24. Which of the following most specifically refers to a stain that dyes a specimen rather than the background ? TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 2 : How We See the Invisible World Page 6 of 17 A. counterstain B. mordant C. negative stain D. positive stain* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 32 25. Which of the following describes the difference between the Ziehl -Neelsen and Kinyoun acid-fast staining techniques ? A. The Ziehl -Neelsen technique uses a counterstain and the Kinyoun technique does not . B. The Ziehl -Neelsen technique uses an acidic dye and the Kinyoun technique does not . C. The Ziehl -Neelsen technique uses heat and the Kinyoun technique does not .* D. The Ziehl -Neelsen tech nique uses two dyes and the Kinyoun technique does not . Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 32 26. Which of the following described the difference between gram -positive and gram -negative cells that causes them to stain differently after Gram staining ? A. Gram -positive cells have a mycolic acid layer in their cell walls that holds in stain, whereas gram -negative cells lack this layer. B. Gram-positive cells have capsules and gram -negative cells have S layers . C. Gram-positive cells have thicker cell membranes than gram -negative cells . D. Gram-positive cells have thicker peptidoglycan layers in their cell walls than do gram - negative cells .* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 7, 32, 34, 36 27. Which of the following would not potentially cause a gram -positive cell to appear gram - negative after G ram staining? A. counterstaining with crystal violet instead of safranin* B. exposing the cells to ethanol for too long C. using older bacterial cultures D. using safranin as a primary stain Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 32, 34, 36 28. Which of the following does not cause the probe to move up and down above the specimen in atomic force microscopy? A. chemical bonding B. electrostatic forces C. van der Waals forces D. variations in current* TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 2 : How We See the Invisible World Page 7 of 17 Difficulty: Difficult ASM Standard: 32 29. Quantum tunneling of electrons is important in the mechanism underlying which microscope type? A. AFM B. SEM C. STM* D. TEM Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 32 30. Which of the following is the chemical in some bacterial cells’ walls that makes them resist decolorization after acid -fast staining ? A. acetic acid B. mycolic acid * C. peptidoglycan D. phospholipid Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 32 31. Gram staining is useful for bacterial identification. Which of the following is another way it is most useful? A. Knowing Gram staining results allows a researcher to know which organisms a bacterium can infect. B. Knowing Gram staining results allows a researcher to select the appropriate growth medium for optimal bacterial growth. C. Knowing Gram staining results is helpful in choosing an effective antibiotic.* D. Knowing Gram staining results is helpful in understanding a bacterium’s metabolic requirements. Difficulty: Difficult ASM Standard: 7, 23 32. Which of the following is not true regarding capsule staining? A. Capsules are typically stained using basic dyes.* B. Capsule staining does not require heat fixation in advance. C. Capsule staining requires careful selection of a stain that can stain the capsule itself. D. Capsule staining typically involves negative staining. Difficulty: Difficult ASM Standard: 7, 23 TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER