(Test Bank) Behavioral Neuroscience, Essentials and Beyond

Gaskin, 1

Psychology

Test Bank

1st Edition

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Test Bank for Behavioral Neuroscience, Essentials and Beyond, The downloadable file consists of 316 pages, and the total size of the file is 1.68 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Gaskin

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Instructor Resource Gaskin, Behavioral Neuroscience, 1e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Chapter 1: Behavioral Neuroscience: Understanding brain-behavior relationships Test Bank Multiple Choice 1. Scraping, drilling, or boring of the skull bone is a procedure known as ______. a. trepanation b. atherectomy c. ablation d. lobotomy Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.1.1: Know and understand what constitutes the study of brain behavior relationships. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Brain-Behavior Relationships: From Holes in the Head to Brain Imaging Difficulty Level: Easy 2. It is believed that ancient civilizations practiced skull boring for several reasons except for ______. a. ward of demons b. release spirits c. therapeutic healing d. blood-letting Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.3.1: Describe some of the views associated with brain function throughout antiquity. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Brain-Behavior Relationships: From Holes in the Head to Brain Imaging Difficulty Level: Easy 3. As early as 460–370 BC the practice of skull boring was used medicinally to ______ due to injury. a. stop pain b. slow bleeding c. prevent infection d. release pressure Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.3.1: Describe some of the views associated with brain function throughout antiquity. Instructor Resource Gaskin, Behavioral Neuroscience, 1e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Brain-Behavior Relationships: From Holes in the Head to Brain Imaging Difficulty Level: Easy 4. Modern craniotomy procedures use computers and imaging methods so that the hole is drilled ______ over the brain area that is in need of treatment. a. with more speed b. at a precise location c. to a precise depth d. at an opposite angle Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.1.2: Have a broad understanding of the global structural aspects of the brain and some of its basic functions. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Brain-Behavior Relationships: From Holes in the Head to Brain Imaging Difficulty Level: Easy 5. Which of the following conditions does not include a modern craniotomy procedure as part of its treatment? a. schizophrenia b. tumors c. epilepsy d. aneurysms Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.1.2: Have a broad understanding of the global structural aspects of the brain and some of its basic functions. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Brain-Behavior Relationships: From Holes in the Head to Brain Imaging Difficulty Level: Easy 6. Behaviors that are readily observable such as reaching out for a cup of coffee are referred to as ______ behaviors. a. intentional b. overt c. voluntary d. complex Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.1.1: Know and understand what constitutes the study of brain behavior relationships. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Study of Brain-Behavior Relationships Difficulty Level: Easy Instructor Resource Gaskin, Behavioral Neuroscience, 1e SAGE Publishing, 2021 7. Brain functions such as reasoning, problem solving, memory and attention are associated with the study of______ neuroscience. a. social b. cognitive c. affective d. decision Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.1.3: Explain the different levels of analysis that constitute the study of brain-behavior relationships. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Study of Brain-Behavior Relationships Difficulty Level: Easy 8. Environmental factors in the form of substances that adversely affect normal brain development are known as ______. a. androgen b. pathogens c. teratogens d. carcinogens Ans: C Learning Objective: 1.1.4: Understand the basics of how genes influence behavior and how the environment influences genes. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Study of Brain-Behavior Relationships Difficulty Level: Easy 9. The ______ separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe. a. corpus callosum b. Sylvian fissure c. frontal sulcus d. cortex Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.1.2: Have a broad understanding of the global structural aspects of the brain and some of its basic functions. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: A Quick Look at the Brain Difficulty Level: Easy 10. The thick bundle of fibers that connects the two hemispheres, permitting them to communicate is called the ______. a. corpus callosum b. Sylvian fissures c. central sulcus d. cortex Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.1.2: Have a broad understanding of the global structural aspects Instructor Resource Gaskin, Behavioral Neuroscience, 1e SAGE Publishing, 2021 of the brain and some of its basic functions. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: A Quick Look at the Brain Difficulty Level: Easy 11. ______ are the basic functional units of the brain. a. Gyri b. Corpus callosum c. Gila d. Neurons Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.1.2: Have a broad understanding of the global structural aspects of the brain and some of its basic functions. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: A Quick Look at the Brain Difficulty Level: Easy 12. The “bumps” that characterize the surface of the cortex are known as ______. a. gyri b. corpus callosum c. gila d. neurons Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.1.2: Have a broad understanding of the global structural aspects of the brain and some of its basic functions. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: A Quick Look at the Brain Difficulty Level: Easy 13. Neurons communicate with other cells through electrical messages known as ______. a. electrical conductivity b. action potentials c. axion d. cell interaction Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.1.2: Have a broad understanding of the global structural aspects of the brain and some of its basic functions. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: A Quick Look at the Brain Difficulty Level: Easy 14. The brain’s neuron electrical messages travel through ______. a. gila b. axon c. sulci Instructor Resource Gaskin, Behavioral Neuroscience, 1e SAGE Publishing, 2021 d. lobes Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.1.2: Have a broad understanding of the global structural aspects of the brain and some of its basic functions. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: A Quick Look at the Brain Difficulty Level: Easy 15. A fatty substance called ______ increases the electrical conductivity of axons. a. myelin b. sulci c. teflin d. bulb Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.1.2: Have a broad understanding of the global structural aspects of the brain and some of its basic functions. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: A Quick Look at the Brain Difficulty Level: Medium 16. Sperry’s study to assess the functions of the left versus the right hemisphere used participants whose ______ had been purposely severed. a. gila b. cortex c. myelin d. corpus callosum Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.1.2: Have a broad understanding of the global structural aspects of the brain and some of its basic functions. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: A Quick Look at the Brain Difficulty Level: Medium 17. When neuroscientists investigate how genes and the chemistry of proteins can be altered by environmental influences they are studying at the ______ level of analysis. a. molecular b. cellular c. systems d. structural Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.1.3: Explain the different levels of analysis that constitute the study of brain-behavior relationships. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Levels of Analysis: Putting Brain-Behavior Relationships in Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy Instructor Resource Gaskin, Behavioral Neuroscience, 1e SAGE Publishing, 2021 18. Kisler's et al. (2017) study of the degeneration of gatekeeper cells in Alzheimer’s disease, is an example of a study performed at the______ level of analysis. a. cellular b. structural c. cognitive d. behavioral Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.1.3: Explain the different levels of analysis that constitute the study of brain-behavior relationships. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Levels of Analysis: Putting Brain-Behavior Relationships in Perspective Difficulty Level: Medium 19. At the ______ level of analysis, neuroscientists are interested in how activity in patterns neuronal connections give rise to overt and covert behaviors. a. systems b. structural c. cognitive d. behavioral Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.1.3: Explain the different levels of analysis that constitute the study of brain-behavior relationships. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Levels of Analysis: Putting Brain-Behavior Relationships in Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy 20. The Klein, Metz, Elmer & Jancke (2018) study, in which hyperconnectivity was found in the frontal lobes of language experts versus non-experts, is an example of a study performed at the ______ level of analysis. a. cellular b. structural c. cognitive d. behavioral Ans: C Learning Objective: 1.1.3: Explain the different levels of analysis that constitute the study of brain-behavior relationships. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Levels of Analysis: Putting Brain-Behavior Relationships in Perspective Difficulty Level: Medium 21. ______ is the study of how experiences can modify gene expression and how these modifications can be passed on to later generations. Instructor Resource Gaskin, Behavioral Neuroscience, 1e SAGE Publishing, 2021 a. Epigenetics b. Phenotype c. Behavioral genetics d. Genealogy Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.1.4: Understand the basics of how genes influence behavior and how the environment influences genes. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: A Closer Look at the Molecular Level: Genetics Difficulty Level: Easy 22. Pennisi (2012) posits that genes are basically divided into two camps, those containing ______ for building proteins and others that are ______ and involved in regulating protein synthesis along with a host of other functions. a. information; non-coding b. chemicals; coded c. DNA; non-binding d. pairs; non-paired Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.1.4: Understand the basics of how genes influence behavior and how the environment influences genes. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: A Closer Look at the Molecular Level: Genetics Difficulty Level: Easy 23. An organism’s ________is its unique genetic constitution. a. karyotype b. phenotype c. DNA d. genotype Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.1.4: Understand the basics of how genes influence behavior and how the environment influences genes. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: A Closer Look at the Molecular Level: Genetics Difficulty Level: Medium 24. Behavioral geneticists are interested in how genes contribute to ______ and how genes ______ environmental factors to produce behavior. a. behavior; interact with b. personality; control c. interaction; process d. psychological disorders; interpret Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.1.4: Understand the basics of how genes influence behavior and how the environment influences genes. Instructor Resource Gaskin, Behavioral Neuroscience, 1e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: A Closer Look at the Molecular Level: Genetics Difficulty Level: Medium 25. A______ shows how much of the variation of a trait can be accounted for by genetic variation in a population a. heritability estimate b. DNA test c. phenotype d. genotype Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.1.4: Understand the basics of how genes influence behavior and how the environment influences genes. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: A Closer Look at the Molecular Level: Genetics Difficulty Level: Medium 26. Behavioral geneticists are interested in the heritability estimates of ______. a. psychological disorders and personality traits b. the coding of proteins c. genetic inheritance d. DNA mutation Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.1.4: Understand the basics of how genes influence behavior and how the environment influences genes. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: A Closer Look at the Molecular Level: Genetics Difficulty Level: Easy 27. Verhulst, Neale & Kendler (2015) found that the heritability estimate for alcohol use disorder is approximately ______ percent. a. 30 b. 50 c. 40 d. 67 Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.1.4: Understand the basics of how genes influence behavior and how the environment influences genes Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: A Closer Look at the Molecular Level: Genetics Difficulty Level: Easy 28. Yehuda et al. (2016) found that ______ epigenetic changes in holocaust survivors who were imprisoned and tortured in concentration camps during World War II were passed on to their children. a. socially-related Instructor Resource Gaskin, Behavioral Neuroscience, 1e SAGE Publishing, 2021 b. genetically related c. aversively-related d. trauma-related Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.1.4: Understand the basics of how genes influence behavior and how the environment influences genes. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: A Closer Look at the Molecular Level: Genetics Difficulty Level: Medium 29. ______ is the concept that adaptive traits are retained and amplified in offspring, providing them with a survival advantage which is passed on to subsequent generations. a. Evolution b. Natural selection c. Descent with modification d. Darwinism Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.2.1: Explain the concept of natural selection. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Natural Selection Difficulty Level: Medium 30. Often-cited neuroecology studies that demonstrated brain-behavior relationships in animals are those of the song system in songbirds and of the ______ of food-storing birds. a. DNA b. HVC c. exaptation d. hippocampus Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.2.2: Understand the adaptive variations that gave rise to brain behavior relationships. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Neuroecology: How Natural Selection Accounts for Brain-Behavior Relationships Difficulty Level: Easy 31. The philosophical position that mind and body are distinct and that they could exist independently of each other is called ______. a. Decartes theorem b. dualism c. phrenology d. individualism Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.3.2: Explain the philosophical roots that underlie the relationship Instructor Resource Gaskin, Behavioral Neuroscience, 1e SAGE Publishing, 2021 between brain and body. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Mind-Body Problem Difficulty Level: Easy 32. Today Descartes’s hollow tubes have been replaced by ______ and what flows through them are not animal spirits but ______. a. nerves; action potentials b. neurons; melatonin c. the pineal gland; nerve impulses d. the soul; human spirits Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.3.2: Explain the philosophical roots that underlie the relationship between brain and body. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Mind-Body Problem Difficulty Level: Easy 33. The pineal gland, which Descartes thought was the seat of the soul, is now known to produce a chemical called ______, which is involved in regulating physiological processes on a 24-hour cycle (this is known as a circadian rhythm). a. melatonin b. myelin c. glucocorticoid d. serotonin Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.3.2: Explain the philosophical roots that underlie the relationship between brain and body. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Mind-Body Problem Difficulty Level: Easy 34. The best-known early proponent of localization of function was ______. a. Swedenborg b. Gall c. Spurzheim d. Flourens Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.3.3: Understand how the idea that brain functions are localized to specific areas developed. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Localization of Function Difficulty Level: Easy 35. Gall studied the ______ the skulls of the extremes in society, from people of great talent and intelligence to people considered intellectually challenged and criminals. Instructor Resource Gaskin, Behavioral Neuroscience, 1e SAGE Publishing, 2021 a. patterns of bumps on b. indentions on c. size of d. shape of Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.3.3: Understand how the idea that brain functions are localized to specific areas developed. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Localization of Function Difficulty Level: Medium 36. Localization of function theory posits that left frontal lobe controls ______ functions. a. spatial b. memory c. speech d. auditory Ans: C Learning Objective: 1.3.3: Understand how the idea that brain functions are localized to specific areas developed. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Localization of Function Difficulty Level: Medium 37. The idea that functions were localized to specific areas of the cortex was confirmed by John Hughlings Jackson’s and Gustav Fritsch’s independent observations that ______ produced movement. a. electrical stimulation b. visual stimulation c. memory tests d. induced sleep Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.3.3: Understand how the idea that brain functions are localized to specific areas developed. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Motor Representations in the Cortex Difficulty Level: Medium 38. Fritsch and Hitzig found that the brain contained a ______ of the body. a. phrenological list b. cerebral dominance map c. Broca’s area d. topographical map Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.3.3: Understand how the idea that brain functions are localized to specific areas developed. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Instructor Resource Gaskin, Behavioral Neuroscience, 1e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Answer Location: Motor Representations in the Cortex Difficulty Level: Medium 39. The motor map, developed by Wilder Penfield is known as the ______. a. motor homunculus b. motor topography c. cerebral dominance map d. motor phrenology map Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.3.3: Understand how the idea that brain functions are localized to specific areas developed. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Motor Representations in the Cortex Difficulty Level: Medium 40. René Descartes believed that the mind and body were distinct and that they existed independently of each other, a position known as ______. a. Decartes theorem b. Dualism c. Phrenology d. Individualism Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.3.2: Explain the philosophical roots that underlie the relationship between brain and body. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Mind-Body Problem Difficulty Level: Easy 41.A ______ is an area of dead brain tissue due to the blockage or narrowing of an artery. a. cerebral neuroma b. cerebral hemorrhage c. cerebral infarction d. cerebral atrophy Ans: C Learning Objective: 1.4.1: Explain how the study of brain-damaged patients can inform neuroscientists about brain-behavior relationships. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Brain-Damaged Patients and Structural Brain Imaging Difficulty Level: Medium 42. A method of inferring brain function using MRI technology to image the brain in a way that detects the amount of oxygen used by neurons is known as ______. a. TMS b. DBS c. fMRI Instructor Resource Gaskin, Behavioral Neuroscience, 1e SAGE Publishing, 2021 d. PET Ans: C Learning Objective: 1.4.2: Describe how brain-behavior relationships can be inferred by lesioning, stimulating, and measuring the brain's activity. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Lesioning, Stimulating and Measuring the Brain's Activity Difficulty Level: Medium 43. Researchers using DBS found that electrically stimulating the______, an area important for memory enhanced subjects' recall ability (memory function). a. temporal cortex b. Broca’s area c. ventral striatum d. temporal lobe Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.4.2: Describe how brain-behavior relationships can be inferred by lesioning, stimulating, and measuring the brain's activity. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Manipulation Techniques Difficulty Level: Medium 44. In TMS, whether neurons are stimulated or inhibited depends on the ______ of the magnetic field. a. positioning b. strength c. frequency d. duration Ans: C Learning Objective: 1.4.2: Describe how brain-behavior relationships can be inferred by lesioning, stimulating, and measuring the brain's activity. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Manipulation Techniques Difficulty Level: Medium 45. ______ is a method of stimulating or inhibiting neurons using light. a. Optogenetics b. Lesioning c. Glucose consumption measure d. Oxygen use measure Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.4.2: Describe how brain-behavior relationships can be inferred by lesioning, stimulating, and measuring the brain's activity. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Manipulation Techniques Difficulty Level: Medium Instructor Resource Gaskin, Behavioral Neuroscience, 1e SAGE Publishing, 2021 46. In optogenetics ______ light activates and ______ light deactivates light-sensitive proteins. a. blue; yellow b. yellow; blue c. blue; red d. red; blue Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.4.2: Describe how brain-behavior relationships can be inferred by lesioning, stimulating, and measuring the brain's activity. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Manipulation Techniques Difficulty Level: Medium 47. The neurons in the brain areas associated with the performance of the given task will ______ than areas that are least involved in the task. a. omit weaker electronic pulse b. omit stronger electronic pulse c. consume less oxygen d. consume more oxygen Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.4.2: Describe how brain-behavior relationships can be inferred by lesioning, stimulating, and measuring the brain's activity. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Measurement Techniques Difficulty Level: Medium 48. A measurement technique known as positron emission tomography (PET) detects the consumption of ______ by neurons. a. oxygen b. proteins c. glucose d. electrical pulse Ans: C Learning Objective: 1.4.2: Describe how brain-behavior relationships can be inferred by lesioning, stimulating, and measuring the brain's activity. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Measurement Techniques Difficulty Level: Medium 49. The brain produces differing wavelengths based on states of consciousness; waking states are associated with wavelengths of______ and ______ . a. high-frequency; low amplitude b. high-frequency; high amplitude c. low frequency; high amplitude d. low frequency; low amplitude Ans: A Instructor Resource Gaskin, Behavioral Neuroscience, 1e SAGE Publishing, 2021 Learning Objective: 1.4.2: Describe how brain-behavior relationships can be inferred by lesioning, stimulating, and measuring the brain's activity. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Measurement Techniques Difficulty Level: Medium 50. The brain produces differing wavelengths based on states of consciousness ; sleeping states are associated with ______ and ______ wavelengths. a. high-frequency; low amplitude b. high-frequency; high amplitude c. low frequency; high amplitude d. low frequency; low amplitude Ans: C Learning Objective: 1.4.2: Describe how brain-behavior relationships can be inferred by lesioning, stimulating, and measuring the brain's activity. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Measurement Techniques Difficulty Level: Medium 51. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a method by which the flow of electrical currents produced by the ______ in the brain is detected by electrodes placed on the scalp. a. light emissions b. use of glucose c. communication between neurons d. consumption of oxygen Ans: C Learning Objective: 1.4.2: Describe how brain-behavior relationships can be inferred by lesioning, stimulating, and measuring the brain's activity. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Measurement Techniques Difficulty Level: Medium 52. An EEG is also used to measure and analyze ______. a. event-related potentials b. action potentials c. states of conscientiousness d. abnormal brain activity Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.4.2: Describe how brain-behavior relationships can be inferred by lesioning, stimulating, and measuring the brain's activity. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Measurement Techniques Difficulty Level: Medium 53. Neuroscientists who study neurochemistry are interested in how ______ in the brain are synthesized and involved in brain function.