(Test Bank) Introduction To Marine Biology

Karleskint, 4

Biology

Test Bank

4th Edition

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Test Bank for Introduction To Marine Biology, The downloadable file consists of 321 pages, and the total size of the file is 2.97 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Karleskint

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1 Chapter 1 —Science and Marine Biology Test Bank for Introduction To Marine Biology 4th Edition Karleskint. Chapter 1 -20 Chapter 1 —Science and Marine Biology MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What percentage of the surface of the earth is covered by seawater? a. 46% b. 55% c. 64% d. 71% e. 83% ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 1 2. Oceans are important in all but the following way s: a. solar -powered engines that drive weather patterns. b. provide a substantial amount of the world's food supply. c. marine organisms are important for scientific research. d. a direct source of fresh water for arid lands. e. a source of industrial and medicinal materials. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: 1-2 3. Oceanography is the study of: a. the living organisms that inhabit the sea. b. the oceans and their phenomena. c. the oceans and living organisms. d. the chemical makeup of the ocean s. e. the interactions of marine organisms with their environment. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 2 4. Marine biology is the study of: a. the living organisms that inhabit the sea. b. the oceans and their phenomena. c. the oceans and living organis ms. d. the chemical makeup of the oceans. e. biogeochemical processes. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 2 5. The most complete scientific picture of the oceans comes from: a. thorough oceanographic studies. b. thorough marine biology studies. c. combining oceanography and marine biology information. 2 Chapter 1 —Science and Marine Biology d. having ocean usage policies. e. the popular media. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: 3 6. Knowledge of the ocean can come from all except: a. robotics. b. ocean law. c. deep submersibles . d. SCUBA studies. e. computers and new technologies. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: 3 7. The earliest recorded direct studies of marine biology are attributed to: a. the Greeks. b. the Catholic Church. c. Arabian philosophers. d. Micronesian mariners. e. the Chinese. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 3 8. The following marine biologist was aboard the HMS Beagle in 1831: a. Edward Forbes. b. Charles Wyville Thomson. c. Alexander Agassiz. d. Charles Darwin. e. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 4 9. Charles Darwin's observations while aboard the HMS Beagle led eventually to the: a. idea that life started on land. b. theory that life's origin was in fresh water. c. theory for the process that causes evolution. d. re-birth of marine biology. e. idea that life could not survive in the deep sea. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 4 10. Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution based on data he collected during: a. the Beagle expedition. b. the Challenger expedition. c. the observations of Agassiz. 3 Chapter 1 —Science and Marine Biology d. Alvin's dives. e. his time spent on the rocky coastline of England. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 4 11. Darwin produced a well respected monograph on: a. mussels. b. sea lizards. c. Galapagos turtles. d. barnacles. e. marine fossils. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 5 12. To Edward Forbes is attributed the idea that: a. life could not survive in the deep ocean. b. life occurs throughout the ocean depths. c. continents drift upon the earth's mantle. d. the mid -Atlantic rift ridge is a result of continental drift. e. “dead zones” occur in oxygen -depleted coastal waters. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 5 13. That the deep sea could not support life was proven wrong when: a. Alvin was able to explore the ocean depths. b. the observations from the Challenger expedition were reported. c. organisms were discovered while repairing the transatlantic telegraph cable. d. the development and use of robotic submersibles began. e. living organisms we re found in the Gulf of Mexico dead zone. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 5 14. Modern oceanography and marine biology were attributed to: a. the voyage of the Beagle . b. the discoveries of Alvin . c. the laying of the transatlantic telegraph cable. d. expeditions of Alexander Agassiz. e. the Challenger expedition. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 5 15. The chief scientist on the HMS Challenger expedition was: a. Charles Darwin. b. Victor Hensen. c. Alexander Aggasiz. d. Charles Wyville Thomas. e. Edward Forbes. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 6 4 Chapter 1 —Science and Marine Biology 16. The preeminent American naturalist of the late 1800s was a. Charles Darwin. b. Charles Wyville Thomson. c. Victor Hensen. d. Alexander Agassiz. e. Edward Forbes. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 6 17. To Alexander Agassiz are attributed the following theories except: a. colors of organisms were related to the absorption of different wavelengths of light at different depths. b. that the Caribbean and Pacific Oceans were once connected. c. that atolls form atop sinking mountains. d. none of the above ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 6–7 18. The phrase "Study nature, not books" is attributed to: a. Louis Agassiz. b. Alexander Agassiz. c. Charles Darwin. d. Charles Wyville Thomson. e. Aristotle. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 7 19. The first marine biology laboratory was: a. the Scripps Institute of Oceanography. b. the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole. c. the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Research. d. the Friday Harbor Laboratories. e. the Duke University Marine Laboratory. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 7 20. The first United States Marine Biological Laboratory was started by: a. Charles Wyville Thomson. b. Sir Alistair Hardy. c. Charles Darwi n. d. Louis Agassiz. e. Alexander Agassiz. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 7 21. Which United States marine science center is not on the Pacific Coast? a. Scripps Institute of Oceanography. 5 Chapter 1 —Science and Marine Biology b. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science. c. Duke University Marine Laboratory. d. Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 7 22. Important United States marine laboratories on the Atlantic Coast include all except: a. Woods Hole Marine Biology Laboratory. b. Rose nstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science. c. Duke University Marine Laboratory. d. Friday Harbor Laboratory. e. Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: 7 23. The classic book The Open Sea: Its Natural History was written by: a. Fridtjof Nanson. b. Sir Alistair Hardy. c. Alexander Agassiz. d. Charles Wyville Thomson. e. Jacques -Yves Cousteau. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 7 24. An early marine biology expedition to the North Pole was led by: a. Sir Alistair Hardy. b. Alexander Agassiz. c. Fridtjof Nanson. d. Charles Wyville Thomson. e. Robert Peary. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 7 25. An early marine biology expedition to study Antarctic whales was led by: a. Sir Alistair Hardy. b. Alexan der Agassiz. c. Fridtjof Nanson. d. Charles Wyville Thomson. e. Louis Agassiz. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 7 26. El Niño/Southern Oscillation refers to changes in weather patterns in the: a. Pacific Ocean. b. Atlantic Ocean. c. Indian Ocean. d. Southern Ocean. 6 Chapter 1 —Science and Marine Biology e. Antarctic Ocean. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 1 27. The scientific method can be best described as: a. implementing an experiment. b. inductive and deductive reasoning. c. collecting data from the laboratory. d. an orderly set of procedures for learning about and interpreting the world. e. a rigid set of procedures that cannot be deviated from. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 9 28. A marine biologist observes that Mako sharks, flying fish, and salmon leap out of the wa ter. An example of induction from these observations is: a. only some fishes can leap out of the water. b. all fishes leap out of the water. c. fishes leap out of the water to escape from predators. d. leaping out of water is often used in feeding. e. these fish must be closely related. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: 8–9 29. The first step in the scientific process is: a. setting up a laboratory. b. conducting experiments. c. making observations. d. inducing a testable hypothesis. e. using deductive reasoning. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 9 30. For a scientific theory to enjoy broad acceptance by the scientific community it must: a. be based on numerous observations. b. have one or more hypotheses that have been tested and accepted . c. be supported by an important scientist. d. both a and b e. both b and c ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 10 31. A scientific investigation follows an orderly progression of steps -select the correct path. a. Test hypothesis, collect and interpret data, determine conclusions. b. Make observations, formulate hypothesis, test hypothesis. c. Make observations, formulate hypothesis, test hypothesis, collect and interpret data, draw conclusion. d. Consult literature, test hypothesis, collect data, in terpret data, draw conclusion. e. Make observations, consult literature, interpret data, formulate and test hypothesis. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: 9–10 7 Chapter 1 —Science and Marine Biology 32. The thinking process of proposing a general explanation from individual observations is called: a. scientific method. b. deductive reasoning. c. logical reasoning. d. inductive reasoning. e. logical -positivist reasoning. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 8–9 33. The thinking process of drawing specific statements from a general princip le or idea is called: a. scientific method. b. deductive reasoning. c. inductive reasoning. d. logical reasoning. e. logical -positivist reasoning. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 9 34. The orderly pattern of gathering and analyzing information to understand how the natural world works is called: a. scientific method. b. logical reasoning. c. deductive reasoning. d. inductive reasoning. e. theory formation. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 9 35. J. H. Connell proposed that competition occurre d between barnacle species; he based that on: a. the observed distribution of the species and environmental measurements. b. laboratory test he had concluded. c. a conversation with other scientists. d. the observation that they were in the rocky intert idal. e. laboratory observations of their fighting behavior. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 9 36. Ivan Valiela's hypothesis that the growth of salt marsh grass is limited by nitrogen availability was: a. disproved by the growth of larger and taller g rass in his control (nitrogen -fertilized) plots. b. disproved by the growth of larger and taller grass in his experimental (nitrogen -fertilized) plots. c. supported by the growth of larger and taller grass in his experimental (nitrogen -fertilized) plots. d. supported by the growth of larger and taller grass in his control (nitrogen -fertilized) plots. e. unsupported by a poor experimental design. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 10 37. Which of these hypotheses cannot be tested by an experiment? 8 Chapter 1 —Science and Marine Biology a. Biological interactions between barnacle species are responsible for their distribution patterns. b. Night -feeding fishes rely on their sense of smell to locate prey. c. The growth of salt marsh grass is limited by nitrogen availability. d. Certain humpba ck whale behaviors are important for attracting a mate. e. Goldfish prefer to eat brightly -colored foods. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: 10 TRUE/FALSE 38. The oceans cover less than half of the earth's surface. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 1 39. Ocean p roductivity is the amount of food produced by marine organisms and the number of organisms this food supports. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 1-2 40. Marine organisms are excellent models for studying basic biology principals. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 2 41. Aristotle developed one of the first taxonomical classification schemes. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 3 42. Among other discoveries, Lamarck was the first to explain the phenomenon of atolls. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 4 43. Today it is generally believed that animals cannot li ve below the lit regions of the ocean. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 5 44. Fridtjof Nansen contributed greatly to our knowledge of the Arctic regions. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 7 MATCHING Match the exploration with the person it is most closely associated with. a. Voyage of the Beagle b. American -led marine biology expeditions c. Challenger expedition 9 Chapter 1 —Science and Marine Biology d. expedition to the North Pole 45. Charles Darwin 46. Charles Wyville Thomson 47. Alexander Agassiz 48. Fridtjof Nansen 45. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 5–7 46. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 5-7 47. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 5-7 48. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 5-7 Match the marine biology institute with the state where it located. a. Scripps Institute of Oceanography b. Friday Harbor Laboratories c. Marine Biological Laboratory at Wo ods Hole d. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science 49. Massachusetts 50. California 51. Washington 52. Florida 49. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 7 50. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 7 51. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 7 52. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 7 Match the de scription with the corresponding term. a. an orderly pattern of gathering and analyzing information b. proposing general explanations from a few observations c. proposing specific explanations from a general principle 53. Inductive reasoning 54. Deductive reasoning 55. Scientific method 53. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 8–10 54. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 8-10 55. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 8-10 Match the description with the most closely associated term. a. Two species are in competition 10 Chapter 1 —Science and Marine Biology b. Species interaction causes observed distribution patterns c. Two types of organism are physically separated 56. Observation 57. Inductive reasoning 58. Deductive reasoning 56. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 8–9 57. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 8–9 58. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 9 Match th e description with its most closely associated experimental component. a. a trial without the experimental variable b. variable being altered c. a trial that contains the experimental variable 59. Experimental variable 60. Experimental set 61. Control set 59. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 9 60. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 9 61. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 9 Match the description with its most closely associated term. a. using observation to test hypothesis b. non-observable or testable hypothesis. c. using controlled experiments to test hypothesis d. an explanation for a particular observed event e. an explanation for a body of observations over time 62. Experimental science 63. Observational science 64. Not science 65. Theory 66. Hypothesis 62. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 9-10 63. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 9-10 64. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 9-10 65. ANS: E PTS: 1 REF: 9-10 66. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 9-10 11 Chapter 1 —Science and Marine Biology ESSAY 67. Describe at least three direct and indirect ways in which the oceans influence the lives of humans. ANS: The oceans influence and give rise to the earth's weather patterns; change the shape of coastlines; provide humans with food, medicines, and recreation; and are an important field of study within the basic sciences. PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: 1-2 68. Define the following terms: • Oceanography • Marine Biology • Ocean Productivity • Plankton ANS: Oceanography is the study of the oceans and their phenomena. Marine biology is the study of living marine organisms and their interactions with oth er marine organisms and the physical environment. Ocean productivity is the amount of food marine organisms can produce and the number and the number of organisms the oceans can support. Plankton are organisms that float in the ocea n, form the base of the oceanic food web, and are not capable of substantial horizontal movement. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 1-2 | 6 69. State at least two factors which contributed to increased exploration of the oceans in the 18th and 19th centuries? ANS: The development of b etter sailing ships, navigational instruments, and charts. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 4 70. Describe the first obtained evidence for the existence of life in the deeper reaches of the ocean. ANS: The recovery of transatlantic telegraph cables from the se afloor, which showed evidence of encrusting and fouling organisms. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 5 71. Describe the modern techniques for studying marine biology and the dissemination of information about marine biology. 12 Chapter 1 —Science and Marine Biology ANS: Various technologies such as RO Vs, submersibles, SCUBA diving that allow access to the underwater world. Satellites can now study the oceans remotely as can deep -sea submersibles and underwater stations. Information can now be circulated about new findings via the Internet. PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: 8 72. People often use the term "theory" in a variety of ways, but to a scientist , a theory has a specific meaning. Briefly describe the important features of a scientifically based theory. ANS: A scientific theory proposes an understan ding of phenomena that has developed based on the results from numerous observations and hypotheses that have been tested independently many times, and a majority of scientists believe it to have significant explanatory power because the best available sci ence supports it. A theory is subject to rejection if enough evidence accumulates against it. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 10 73. Describe how inductive and deductive reasoning can be used in marine biology, using J.H. Connell’s experiment with intertidal ba rnacles as an example. ANS: When J. H. Connell observed that two types of barnacles were in groups forming definite zones, he used induction to hypothesize that biological interactions between species caused the distribution patterns. He then deduced tha t two species of barnacles were restricted to their particular zones by biological interactions if removal of one species led to the expansion of the other into the newly -vacated zone. PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis / Application REF: 9 Chapter 2 —Fundamentals of Ecology MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Ecology is: a. a type of life style. b. the study of the interaction of organisms and their environment. c. a place where organisms live. d. what happens when a predator consumes a prey item. e. the study of the physical environm ent in an ecosystem. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 15 2. The biosphere a. is located in the Northern Hemisphere. b. contains organisms with similar needs. c. has environmental conditions of similar temperature, pressure, and salinity. d. supports all of life on earth. e. is restricted to the continents. 13 Chapter 1 —Science and Marine Biology ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 15 3. Organisms that live under similar environmental conditions and location, and interact directly or indirectly are part of the same: a. ecosystem. b. biosys tem. c. abiotic habitat. d. biotic habitat. e. population. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 15 4. An example of abiotic factors influencing marine organisms is: a. predation. b. competition for food. c. parasitism. d. salinity. e. bacterial disea se. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 16 5. Habitat refers to where an organism: a. lives. b. feeds. c. reproduces. d. forages. e. All of the above. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: 16 6. The habitat of a species has a. both abiotic and bio tic factors. b. neither biotic or abiotic factors. c. biotic factors. d. abiotic factors. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 16 7. Habitat complexity can support a. complex life histories. b. increased biodiversity. c. higher productivity. d. more d ifferent species in an area. e. All of the above. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 16 14 Chapter 1 —Science and Marine Biology 8. An environment would be considered harsh to an organism if: a. it would be difficult for the individual to maintain homeostasis. b. the temperatures are extreme. c. salinity varies. d. pressure gradients are large. e. light levels are low. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 16 9. Regions above or below the optimal range of an environmental variable are called: a. zones of stress. b. tolerance zones. c. optima l range areas. d. None of the above. e. b and c only. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 17 10. A population growth pattern that reaches a certain level is described with a(n) a. logarithmic equation. b. exponential equation. c. logistic equation. d. J -shaped curve. e. quadratic equation. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 24 11. You start to culture a petri dish of marine bacteria. Each day, the number of visible colonies growing on the agar surface increases in this fashion: 2, 4, 16, 32, 64, 12 8. This growth pattern is best described as a. logarithmic. b. logistic. c. exponential. d. quadratic. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: 24 12. The largest group and most important marine photosynthetic organisms are: a. kelp. b. seagrasses. c. macroalgae. d. phytoplankton. e. giant kelps. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 17 13. Animals that obtain their body heat from internal metabolism are called: a. ectotherms. 15 Chapter 1 —Science and Marine Biology b. poikilotherms. c. endotherms. d. osmoconformers. e. osmoregulators. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 18 14. An organism that maintains a constant body temperature is termed: a. an endotherm. b. an ectotherm. c. a poikiotherm. d. cold blooded. e. an osmoconformer. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 18 15. An organi sm whose temperature is similar to its surroundings is called a(n) a. endotherm. b. poikiotherm. c. ectotherm. d. warm blooded organism. e. osmoregulator. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 18 16. A particular sea bird has a Type 1 survival curve, and older female birds produce more eggs than younger birds. What is an evolutionary strategy of these birds? a. young birds reach maturity rapidly b. reproduction is delayed c. birds reach maturity slowly d. both a and b e. both b and c ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: 22–23 17. The amount of dissolved salts in water determines the: a. temperature. b. luminosity. c. salinity. d. clarity. e. turbidity. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 18 18. The movement of water across a membrane in respon se to a gradient of solute concentration is called: a. salinity. b. osmosis. c. solubility. d. diffusion.