(Test Bank) Chemistry

Robinson,Mcmurry,Fay, 8

Chemistry

Test Bank

8th Edition

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Test Bank for Chemistry, The downloadable file consists of 1418 pages, and the total size of the file is 31.9 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Robinson, Mcmurry, Fay

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1 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. Chemistry, 8e (Robinson/McMurry/Fay) Chapter 1 Chemical Tools: Experimentation and Measurement 1.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) A consistent explanation of known observations is called A) an experiment. B) a hypothesis. C) a prediction. D) a theory. Answer: D Diff: 1 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.1 The Scientific Method: Nanoparticle Catalysts For Fuel Cells Learning Obj: LO 1.1 Identify the steps in the scientific method. Global Obj: G1 Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry. 2) An interpretation of the results of many tests is called A) an experiment. B) a hypothesis. C) a prediction D) a theory. Answer: B Diff: 1 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.1 The Scientific Method: Nanoparticle Catalysts For Fuel Cells Learning Obj: LO 1.1 Identify the steps in the scientific method. Global Obj: G1 Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry. 3) Which of the following is an example of a qualitative measurement? A) blue crystal B) 10 g of salt C) 2 moles of carbon atoms D) 12 dL of water Answer: A Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.1 The Scientific Method: Nanoparticle Catalysts For Fuel Cells Learning Obj: LO 1.2 Differentiate between a qualitative and quantitative measurement. Global Obj: G1 Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry. 4) What symbol is used to express the factor, 10-6? A) M B) m C) µ D) n Answer: C Diff: 1 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.2 Measurements: SI Units and Scientific Notation Learning Obj: LO 1.3 Write numbers in scientific notation and use prefixes for multiples of SI units. Global Obj: G1 Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry. 2 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 5) What symbol is used to represent the factor 10-3? A) M B) m C) µ D) n Answer: B Diff: 1 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.2 Measurements: SI Units and Scientific Notation Learning Obj: LO 1.3 Write numbers in scientific notation and use prefixes for multiples of SI units. Global Obj: G1 Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry. 6) The factor 0.01 corresponds to which prefix? A) deka B) deci C) centi D) milli Answer: C Diff: 1 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.2 Measurements: SI Units and Scientific Notation Learning Obj: LO 1.3 Write numbers in scientific notation and use prefixes for multiples of SI units. Global Obj: G1 Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry. 7) The factor 10-2 corresponds to which prefix? A) deka B) deci C) centi D) milli Answer: C Diff: 1 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.2 Measurements: SI Units and Scientific Notation Learning Obj: LO 1.3 Write numbers in scientific notation and use prefixes for multiples of SI units. Global Obj: G1 Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry. 8) A sailor circumnavigated the earth and covered 4,264,000 meters. Express this number in standard scientific notation. A) 4.264 × 10-7 m B) 4.264 × 10-6 m C) 4.264 × 106 m D) 4.264 × 107 m Answer: C Diff: 1 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.2 Measurements: SI Units and Scientific Notation Learning Obj: LO 1.3 Write numbers in scientific notation and use prefixes for multiples of SI units. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.; G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society. 3 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 9) Without using a calculator, solve the following problem: A) 1 × 10-6 B) 1 × 104 C) 1 × 1024 D) 1 × 1034 Answer: C Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.2 Measurements: SI Units and Scientific Notation Learning Obj: LO 1.3 Write numbers in scientific notation and use prefixes for multiples of SI units. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 10) Without using a calculator, solve the following problem: A) 1 × 100 B) 1 × 10-3 C) 1 × 10-9 D) 1 × 10-12 Answer: C Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.2 Measurements: SI Units and Scientific Notation Learning Obj: LO 1.3 Write numbers in scientific notation and use prefixes for multiples of SI units. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 11) An astronaut uses a laboratory balance and weighs an object on earth and again on the moon. Which statement below about the weight and mass of the object is true? A) The mass and weight will be identical on the earth and the moon. B) The mass will be the same on earth and moon but the weight will be less on the moon. C) The weight will be the same on earth and moon but the mass will be less on the moon. D) Both the mass and weight will be different on earth and moon. Answer: B Diff: 1 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.3 Mass and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.4 Convert between different prefixes used in mass measurements. Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.; G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society. 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 12) When measuring a solid metal block at constant temperature, which measurement will change in numerical value depending on the location where it is taken? A) length B) mass C) volume D) weight Answer: D Diff: 1 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.3 Mass and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.4 Convert between different prefixes used in mass measurements. Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills. 13) One kilogram is slightly more than ________ U.S. pounds. A) 0.5 B) 1 C) 2 D) 5 Answer: C Diff: 1 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.3 Mass and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.4 Convert between different prefixes used in mass measurements. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 14) One gram is approximately the same as half the mass of a new U.S. A) penny. B) dime. C) quarter. D) dollar. Answer: B Diff: 1 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.3 Mass and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.4 Convert between different prefixes used in mass measurements. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 15) The mass of a proton is 1.67 × 10-27 kg. What is the mass of a proton in Gigagrams? A) 1.67 × 10-39 Gg B) 1.67 × 10-36 Gg C) 1.67 × 10-33 Gg D) 1.67 × 10-30 Gg Answer: C Diff: 1 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.3 Mass and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.4 Convert between different prefixes used in mass measurements. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 5 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 16) The length of an unsharpened #2 pencil is approximately A) 0.2 cm. B) 2 cm. C) 20 cm. D) 200 cm. Answer: C Diff: 1 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.4 Length and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.5 Convert between different prefixes used in length measurements. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 17) The number of cm in 1.0 in is closest to A) 1.0. B) 1.5. C) 2.0. D) 2.5. Answer: D Diff: 1 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.4 Length and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.5 Convert between different prefixes used in length measurements. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 18) The thickness of a U.S. dime is approximately one A) m. B) cm. C) mm. D) µm. Answer: C Diff: 1 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.4 Length and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.5 Convert between different prefixes used in length measurements. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 19) The diameter of an atom is approximately 1 × 10-10 m. What is the diameter in millimeters? A) 1 × 10-16 mm B) 1 × 10-13 mm C) 1 × 10-7 mm D) 1 × 10-4 mm Answer: C Diff: 1 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.4 Length and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.5 Convert between different prefixes used in length measurements. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 6 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 20) The diameter of the nucleus of an atom is approximately 1 × 10-15 meters. If 1 nm is equal to 10 Angstroms, what is the diameter of the nucleus in Angstroms? A) 1 × 10-23 Å B) 1 × 10-8 Å C) 1 × 10-7 Å D) 1 × 10-5 Å Answer: D Diff: 1 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.4 Length and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.5 Convert between different prefixes used in length measurements. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 21) What is the coldest temperature possible? A) 0°C B) 0°F C) 0 K D) None of these Answer: C Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.5 Temperature and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.6 Convert between common units of temperature measurements. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 22) If the melting point of titanium metal is 1672°C, what is its melting point in Kelvin? A) 897 K B) 1399 K C) 1945 K D) 3042 K Answer: C Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.5 Temperature and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.6 Convert between common units of temperature measurements. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 23) Which one of the following statements about temperature scales is false? A) The boiling point of water on the Fahrenheit scale is 212 degrees. B) The Celsius degree is smaller than the Fahrenheit degree. C) The freezing point of water on the Celsius scale is 0 degrees. D) All temperatures on the Kelvin scale are positive numbers. Answer: B Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.5 Temperature and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.6 Convert between common units of temperature measurements. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 7 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 24) The freezing point of methane is -295°F and the boiling point is -263°F. The temperature of the surface of Titan, a moon of Saturn, is 93 K. If methane exists on Titan, it is A) a gas. B) a liquid. C) a solid. D) a plasma. Answer: B Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.5 Temperature and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.6 Convert between common units of temperature measurements. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 25) The nighttime and daytime temperatures on Mercury are 13 K and 683 K respectively. The melting point and boiling point of sulfur is 246°F and 832°F. Which of the following statements is true? On Mercury sulfur exists A) only in the liquid state. B) only in the solid state. C) as both a liquid and a gas. D) as both a liquid and a solid. Answer: D Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.5 Temperature and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.6 Convert between common units of temperature measurements. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 26) Which of the following correctly ranks the following temperatures from smallest to largest? 23°C, 17°F, 273K, 1°C A) 23°C < 17°F < 273K < 1°C B) 1°C < 17°F < 23°C < 273K C) 273K < 23°C < 1°C < 17°F D) 17°F < 273K < 1°C < 23°C Answer: D Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.5 Temperature and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.6 Convert between common units of temperature measurements. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 8 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 27) The temperature scales of Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit use different ways to define scale. Which of the following correctly ranks the temperature from smallest to largest? 0°C, 0°F, 0K A) 0K < 0°C < 0°F B) 0°C < 0K < 0°F C) 0K < 0°F < 0°C D) 0°C = 0K = 0°F Answer: C Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.5 Temperature and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.6 Convert between common units of temperature measurements. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 28) One liter is approximately the same as one U.S. A) ounce. B) pint. C) quart. D) gallon. Answer: C Diff: 1 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.6 Derived Units: Volume and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.7 Convert between SI and metric units of volume. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 29) You have a cube of copper with an edge length of 4.57 cm. If the density of copper is 8.96 g/cm3, what is the mass of the cube? A) 7.93 g B) 40.9 g C) 273 g D) 855 g Answer: D Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.7 Derived Units: Density and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.9 Calculate mass, volume, or density using the formula for density. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 30) Pyrite is called fool's gold because it looks like real gold. However, pyrite has a density of 4.5 g/mL while gold has a density of 19.3 g/mL. Use this information to determine which of the following statements is true. A) 25 grams of gold will occupy a greater volume than 25 grams of pyrite. B) 25 grams of gold will occupy the same volume as 25 grams of pyrite. C) 25 mL of gold will have a greater mass than 25 mL of pyrite. D) 25 mL of gold will have less mass than 25 mL of pyrite. Answer: C Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.7 Derived Units: Density and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.9 Calculate mass, volume, or density using the formula for density. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 9 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 31) The density of aluminum is 2.702 g/cm3. What is the final liquid level of water if 1.130 ounces of aluminum is dropped into a graduated cylinder containing 15.90 mL of water? A) 17.08 mL B) 21.66 mL C) 27.76 mL D) 47.95 mL Answer: C Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.7 Derived Units: Density and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.9 Calculate mass, volume, or density using the formula for density. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 32) The density of mercury is 13.5 g/mL. What is the mass in kg of mercury that fills a 0.250 L flask? A) 0.0540 kg B) 3.38 kg C) 54.0 kg D) 3380 kg Answer: B Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.7 Derived Units: Density and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.9 Calculate mass, volume, or density using the formula for density. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 33) The density of copper is 8.96 g/cm3. What is the mass in mg of a cube of copper that measures 2.31 mm on each side? A) 0.0207 g B) 0.110 g C) 2.07 g D) 110 g Answer: B Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.7 Derived Units: Density and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.9 Calculate mass, volume, or density using the formula for density. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 34) A gold ingot weighs 5.50 lbs. If the density of gold is 19.31 g/cm3, and the length and width of the ingot are 12.0 cm and 3.00 cm respectively, what is the height of the ingot? A) 6.50 × 10-3 cm B) 3.59 cm C) 10.2 cm D) 1.34 × 103 cm Answer: B Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.7 Derived Units: Density and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.9 Calculate mass, volume, or density using the formula for density. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 10 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 35) The estimated mass of the planet Jupiter is 1.90 × 1027 kg and the density is believed to be 1.34 g/cm3. If Jupiter were a perfect sphere, what would be its diameter? A) 6.96 × 106 m B) 6.96 × 107 m C) 1.39 × 107 m D) 1.39 × 108 m Answer: D Diff: 4 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.7 Derived Units: Density and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.9 Calculate mass, volume, or density using the formula for density. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 36) The volume of a well is 40.0 ft3. How many kilograms of concrete will it take to fill the well if the density of concrete is 2.85 g/cm3? A) 3.47 kg B) 3.23 × 103 kg C) 3.47 × 103 kg D) 3.23 × 106 kg Answer: B Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.7 Derived Units: Density and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.9 Calculate mass, volume, or density using the formula for density. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 37) Because of the high heat and low humidity in the summer in Death Valley, California, a visitor requires about one quart of water for every two miles traveled on foot. If the density of water is 0.990 g/mL at 45°C, how many kilograms of water are required for a person to walk 30 kilometers in Death Valley? A) 8.7 kg B) 70 kg C) 3.5 × 102 kg D) 7.0 × 102 kg Answer: A Diff: 3 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.7 Derived Units: Density and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.9 Calculate mass, volume, or density using the formula for density. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.; G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society. 11 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 38) Specific gravity of a liquid is often defined as the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water. If the specific gravity of X relative to water is 0.800 and the specific gravity of Y relative to water is 1.50, which of the following statements is false? A) If X is a liquid, Y will float on X. B) If X is a solid, X will float in water. C) If Y is a liquid, water will float on Y. D) If Y is a liquid, X will float in Y. Answer: A Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.7 Derived Units: Density and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.10a Predict whether a substance will float or sink in another substance based on density. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 39) A piece of plastic weighing 1.157 g has a volume of 1.48 cm3. A piece of wood has the same volume but weighs 3.85 g. The density of liquid X is 0.765 g/mL and the density of liquid Z is 1.13 g/mL. The two liquids are immiscible. If the plastic and wood are added to the two liquids, what is the order of layers from top to bottom in the container? A) liquid X, liquid Z, plastic, wood B) liquid X, plastic, liquid Z, wood C) plastic, wood, liquid Z, liquid X D) wood, liquid Z, plastic, liquid X Answer: B Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.7 Derived Units: Density and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.10a Predict whether a substance will float or sink in another substance based on density. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 40) Calculate the kinetic energy of a 150-g baseball moving at a speed of 40. m/s (89 mph). A) 6.0 J B) 1.2 × 102 J C) 6.0 × 103 J D) 1.2 × 105 J Answer: B Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.8 Derived Units: Energy and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.11 Calculate the kinetic energy of a moving object. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 12 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 41) The average mass of an oxygen atom is 5.3 × 10-26 kg. Calculate the kinetic energy of a mole of oxygen atoms, all moving at a speed of 400 m/s (1000 mph). A) 8.2 × 10-21 J B) 2600 J C) 5200 J D) 13,000 J Answer: B Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.8 Derived Units: Energy and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.11 Calculate the kinetic energy of a moving object. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 42) Which has the least kinetic energy? A) a 1200 kg object moving at 90 km/hr B) a 1400 kg object moving at 85 km/hr C) a 1600 kg object moving at 80 km/hr D) a 1800 kg object moving at 75 km/hr Answer: A Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.8 Derived Units: Energy and Its Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.11 Calculate the kinetic energy of a moving object. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 43) What is the result of the following calculation: (28.5 - 21.883) × 0.00436 A) 2.8 × 10-2 B) 2.89 × 10-2 C) 2.885 × 10-2 D) 2.8850 × 10-2 Answer: A Diff: 1 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.9 Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures in Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.13 Specify the number of significant figures in a measurement. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 44) How many significant figures are there in the answer to the following problem? (8.881 × 2.100) + 0.590 = ? A) one B) two C) three D) four Answer: D Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.9 Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures in Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.16 Report the result of mathematical calculation to the correct number of significant figures. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 13 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 45) How many significant figures are there in the answer for the following problem? = ? A) one B) two C) three D) four Answer: B Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.9 Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures in Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.16 Report the result of mathematical calculation to the correct number of significant figures. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 14 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 46) Each of the numbers in the following calculation represents a quantity measured by a student in the laboratory. P = After performing the calculation, the student's calculator appeared as shown below: To the correct number of significant figures what is the value of P? A) 2 B) 2.43 C) 2.430 D) 2.430094 Answer: C Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.9 Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures in Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.16 Report the result of mathematical calculation to the correct number of significant figures. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry. 15 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 47) Each of the numbers in the following calculation represents a quantity measured by a student in the laboratory. g = 0.0220 × × 12.0 After performing the calculation, the student's calculator appeared as shown below: To the correct number of significant figures what is the value of g? A) 6 × 10-3 B) 6.0 × 10-3 C) 6.00 × 10-3 D) 6.000 × 10-3 Answer: C Diff: 2 Var: 1 Topic: Section 1.9 Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures in Measurement Learning Obj: LO 1.16 Report the result of mathematical calculation to the correct number of significant figures. Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.