(Test Bank) Child Psychology A Canadian Perspective

Younger,Adler,Vasta, 3

Psychology

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3rd Edition

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Test Bank for Child Psychology A Canadian Perspective, The downloadable file consists of 513 pages, and the total size of the file is 4.14 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Younger, Adler, Vasta

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Test Bank to Accompany Younger, Adler, Vasta Child Psychology , Third Edition Chapter 1 – Background and Theories Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Chapter 1 Background and Theories Multiple Choice Questions 1. The most notable difference between child psychology and developmental psychology is that child psychology focuses on the development of children _______________ , whereas developmental psychology extends its focus to include _______________. a. between toddlerhood and adolescence; people right up until the age of 18 b. from conception to adolescence; people r ight up until the age of 18 c. from conception to adolescence; all phases of the lifespan d. between 3 and 12 years of age; people right up until the age of 18 Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psy chology Topic: What Is Developmental Psychology? Type: Conceptual Difficulty: Easy 2. Developmental researchers are interested in outlining developmental changes throughout childhood and then determining the causes of, and describing the processes underlying these changes. In other words, developmental research has two goals: a. description and explanation. b. explanation and theorizing . c. developmental -sequencing and theorizing. d. developmental -sequencing and describing. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: What Is Developmental Psychology? Type: Conceptual Difficulty: Easy 3. The two goals of developmental psychology are to : a. understand and treat the development of psychological problems. b. design and evaluate educational programs. c. describe behaviour at each point in development and identify the causes and processes of change. d. describe the biological foundations of human behaviour and how these developed over the course of human evolution. Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: What Is Developmental Psychology? Type: Conceptual Difficulty: Medium 4. Traditionally, developmen tal psychology and child psychology were basically one and the same. Today, however, developmental psychology has ex tended its research focus into: a. adulthood and old age. b. adolescence. c. early adulthood d. the period of the baby -boomers. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: What Is Developmental Psychology? Test Bank to Accompany Younger, Adler, Vasta Child Psychology , Third Edition Chapter 1 – Background and Theories Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 5. Today, developmental psychology is most accurately characteriz ed as the study of : a. children. b. the origins and course of maladaptive or psychopathological behaviour. c. evolution and its effects on human behaviour. d. the changes in behaviour and abilities that occur over the course of development. Answer: d Learn ing Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: What Is Developmental Psychology? Type: Factual Difficulty: Medium 6. Which of the following questions is most likely to be studied by a developmental psycholo gist? a. Does stress play a role in the onset of infectious disease? b. How do sibling relations among rhesus monkeys change over the lifespan? c. Are programs that coach students on achievement tests effective? d. When asked to solve problems, why do peop le ignore disconfirming evidence? Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Why Study Children? Type: Conceptual Difficulty: Medium 7. Traditionally, child psychology and developmental psychology both focused on the behaviour of children. One of many reasons for this interest is the fact that childhood is a period of rapid change. A reason NOT offered to account for this particular interest by the authors of your textbook is: a. long-term influences b. insight into complex adult processes c. basic interest for the sake of increasing knowledge d. interesting subject matter Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Why Study Children? Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 8. An examination of the relationship between poverty, illiteracy, drugs, crime, and children's development would exemplify the __________ value of childhood research. a. general interest b. real-world application c. social policy d. cognitive developmental Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Why Study Children? Type: Conceptual Difficulty: Medium Test Bank to Accompany Younger, Adler, Vasta Child Psychology , Third Edition Chapter 1 – Background and Theories Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. 9. _______________ is another way a developmentalist might express the interest value inherent in childhood research. a.“We want to answer basic questions about human behaviour.” b.“We want to make children’s lives better.” c.“We are fascinated by the things that children do.” d.“We understand adult cognitive processes by learning about children’s.” Answer: c Learning Objective:1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Why Study Children? Type: Conceptual Difficulty: Easy 10. _______________ is another way a developmentalist might express an interest in childhood research because of its implications for later, adult development . a. “We want to answer basic questions about human behaviour.” b. “We want to make children’ s lives better.” c. “We are fascinated by the things that children do.” d. “We understand what Wordsworth meant when he said that ‘..The child is father to the man.’” Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of c hild psychology Topic: Why Study Children? Type: Conceptual Difficulty: Easy 11. _______________ is another way a developmentalist might express an interest in childhood research because of its real-world application value. a. “We want to answer basic questions about human behaviour.” b. “We want to make children’s lives better.” c. “We understand what Wordsworth meant when he said that ‘..T he child is father to the man.” d. “We understand adult cognitive processes by learning about children’s.” Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Why Study Children? Type: Conceptual Difficulty: Easy 12. Childhood is important to researchers because : a. it is a time of rapid development. b. adult behaviour may be influenced by childhood processes. c. it is inherently interesting. d. all of these responses are accurate Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Why Study Chil dren? Type: Fa ctual Difficulty: Easy 13. There are at least five reasons why so much research has concentrated on the childhood years. Which of the following reasons is MOST relevant for researchers who study children’s language development? a. Period of rapid development and insight into complex adult processes Test Bank to Accompany Younger, Adler, Vasta Child Psychology , Third Edition Chapter 1 – Background and Theories Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. b. Long-term influences and real -world applications c. Real-world applications and interesting subject matter d. Interesting subject matter and period of rapid development Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Why Study Children? Type: Factual Difficulty: Medium 14. Which of the following BEST reflects John Locke's views concerning children? a. Children are born with original sin. b. Children are born with innate ideas. c. Children are innately good. d. Children acquire knowledge through experience. Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Earl y Theorists Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 15. John Locke used the term tabula rasa to convey the idea that the mind of an infant is like a : a. blank slate. b. finished book. c. camera. d. mechanical device. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand th e philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Early Theorists Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 16. With respect to childrearing, Locke advocated the use of : a. physical punishment. b. material rewards. c. praise. d. infanticide. Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Early Theorists Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 17. Locke’s ideas about children and their development strongly exemplify the ______ ____ model. a. biological b. environmental c. cognitive developmental d. evolutionary Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Early Theorists Type: Factual Test Bank to Accompany Younger, Adler, Vasta Child Psychology , Third Edition Chapter 1 – Background and Theories Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Difficulty: Easy 18. Environ mentalist is to nativist as ________ is to _________. a. Locke; Rousseau b. Darwin; Rousseau c. Locke; Darwin d. Rousseau ; Locke Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Early Theorists Type: Conceptual Difficulty: Easy 19. Which of the following notions is most compatible with the writings of Rousseau? a. Children require strict discipline in or der to develop properly. b. In order for children to learn effectively, formal instruction is required. c. A goal of education should be to accelerate children's development. d. Children learn through exploration and discovery. Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Early Theorists Type: Concept ual Difficulty: Easy 20. Which of the following is LEAST compatible with the writings of Herder? a. Each culture must be examined and evaluated on its own terms. b. Cultural diversity is to be appreciated. c. There are universal absolutes. d. Language is the tool that transmits values from generation to generation. Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and histor ical roots of child psychology Topic: Early Theorists Type: Conceptual Difficulty: Easy 21. Because of his culturally relativistic perspective, von Herder’s writings emphasized the importance of the dyn amic nature of both culture and: a. children. b. human populations. c. language. d. community. Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of ch ild psychology Topic: Early Theorists Type: Factual Difficulty: Medium 22. The assumptions that members of the same species vary in many characteristics and that most species produce more offspring than their environment can support : a. underlie the princ iple of recapitulation. b. are central to the nativist position. c. underlie the concept of natural selection. Test Bank to Accompany Younger, Adler, Vasta Child Psychology , Third Edition Chapter 1 – Background and Theories Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. d. are basic aspects of the environmentalist position. Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of chi ld psychology Topic: Early Theorists Type: Factual Difficulty: Medium 23. The idea that some of present -day human behaviour was once important for the survival of an earlier form of animal was systematically laid out by : a. Locke . b. Haeckel . c. Hall. d. Darwin . Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Early Theorists Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 24. The early work of __________ best represents the model that emphasizes the role of the child’s cognitive development. a. John Locke b. Jean-Jacques Rousseau c. Johann Gottfried von Herder d. Charles Darwin Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Early Theorist s Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 25. The early work of __________ best represents the model that focuses on the influence of the child’s sociocultural context. a. John Locke b. Jean -Jacques Rousseau c. Johann Gottfried von Herder d. Charles Darwin Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Early Theorists Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 26. ___________ is the term used specifically to refer to the intensive study of one’s (e.g., Dar win’s) own child’s (e.g., Doddy’s) development; this research method was important to early researchers of development, like James Mark Baldwin. a. The baby biography b. Naturalistic observation c. The case study d. The child biography Answer: a Test Bank to Accompany Younger, Adler, Vasta Child Psychology , Third Edition Chapter 1 – Background and Theories Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Learning O bjective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Early Theorists Type: Factual Difficulty: Medium 27. Who is credited with founding the field of developmental psychology? a. G. Stanley Hall b. James Mark Baldwin c. J. B. Watson d. Arnold Gesell Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 28. Which of the following is NOT one of Hall’s contributions to psychology? a. He trained the first generation of developmental psychologists. b. He established several scientific journals. c. He made important theoretical strides. d. He invited Freud to lecture at Clark University. Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 29. Who is credited with opening the first psychology laboratory in Canada (at the University of Toronto)? a. G. Stanley Hall b. James Mark Baldwin c. J. B. Watson d. Arnold Gesell Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 30. A __________ is a theoretical idea shared by many scientists during a given period of time. a. paradigm b. dominant culture c. zeitgeist d. philosophy Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 31. The research method that requires subjects to describe their mental processes is known as : Test Bank to Accompany Younger, Adler, Vasta Child Psychology , Third Edition Chapter 1 – Background and Theories Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. a. introspection. b. the clinical method. c. genetic epistemology. d. recapitulati on. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Factual Difficulty: Medium 32. John B. Watson believed that the subject of psychology should be the study of : a. the inner workings of the human mind. b. observable behaviour. c. consciousness. d. the evolutionary foundations of human behaviour. Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 33. Behaviourists, like John B. Watson, believe that changes in behaviour are the result of : a. conditioning processes. b. the gradual unfolding of innate ideas. c. heredity. d. stage -like changes in development. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 34. Melody, at 7 years of age, is a musical geni us. Her parents, who are not musically inclined, attribute Melody's musical accomplishments to her constant exposure to great classical music since conception, her violin lessons since 18 months, and her piano lessons since 2 years of age. Melody's paren ts seem to be following the advice of : a. John B. Watson. b. G. Stanley Hall. c. Jean Piaget. d. Sigmund Freud. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type : Conceptual Difficulty: Easy 35. Which theorist would be most likely to support efforts to teach children to read, play an instrument, and do math all before entering school? a. Watson b. Gesell c. Piaget Test Bank to Accompany Younger, Adler, Vasta Child Psychology , Third Edition Chapter 1 – Background and Theories Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. d. Freud Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Conceptual Difficulty: Medium 36. Which theorist would be most likely to argue that development consists primarily of quantitative changes that are largely the result of simple combinations of previous behaviours? a. Gesell b. Watson c. Piaget d. Freud Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Conceptual Difficulty: Easy 37. According to Watson, language and thought in young children : a. have their origins in entirely different processes. b. are explained by simple conditioned responses. c. are first verbal behaviours and then develop a subvocal or silent form. d. reflect shared cultural knowledge. Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Factual Difficulty: Medium 38. The focus of Arnold Gesell's 50 years of research focused primarily on : a. how children's reasoning changes with development. b. treating problems of development. c. childrearing in the United States. d. the development of t he typical child. Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 39. Environmentalist is to nativist as ________ is to ________. a. Watson; Freud b. Freud; Rousseau c. Locke; Watson d. Watson; Gesell Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Conceptual Difficulty: Medium Test Bank to Accompany Younger, Adler, Vasta Child Psychology , Third Edition Chapter 1 – Background and Theories Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. 40. Maturation refers to : a. a complex interaction of biological and environmental factors assumed to be responsible for human development. b. the process by which environmental factors impact on human development. c. the process by which the genetic material of a species is shaped and selected. d. the inborn biological processes assumed by some to be primarily responsible for human development. Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pionee rs of Child Psychology Type: Factu al Difficulty: Easy 41. The developmental timetables established by Arnold Gesell and his colleagues : a. are still used today. b. were discredited years ago. c. were based on the careful observation of Gesell's own childr en. d. demonstrate the critical role of the environment in development. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 42. A nursery school teacher who was comparing a group of 3 -year-olds in terms of such physical skills as walking, running, and sk ipping might use as a reference: a. Freud's stage theory. b. Gesell's statistical norms. c. Watson's advice to parents. d. Hall's ge netic psychology. Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Conceptual Difficulty: Easy 43. Parents who resist pressure from grandparents to begin potty training their 18 -month -old son because of a belief that he is simply not ready hold a view of development consistent with that of : a. Watson. b. Gesell. c. Freud. d. all the responses are accura te Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Conceptual Difficulty: Medium 44. Who of the following theorists held that development is guided largely b y biological influences? a. Gesell b. Watson Test Bank to Accompany Younger, Adler, Vasta Child Psychology , Third Edition Chapter 1 – Background and Theories Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. c. Freud d. Bandura Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 45. Freud's greatest contribution to the field of developmental psychology was his : a. stage theory of psychosexual development. b. method of introspection. c. technique of psychoanalysis. d. idea of infantile sexuality. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand th e philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 46. Freud based his model of child development on : a. his own and his patients' recollections of childhood experiences. b. laborato ry studies of children. c. large scale questionnaire studies. d. Darwin's theory of evolution. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 47. Although only 18 years old, T. has a criminal record that dates back 10 years. He has recently been found guilty of a series of brutal crimes. A psychologist asked to testify in court attributes T.'s behaviour to a cold and neglectf ul mother, an absent father, and fixation at an earlier stage of development. It appears that the court psychologist has been influenced by the writings of : a. Mark Baldwin. b. Arnold Gesell. c. Sigmund Freud. d. John B. Watson. Answer: c Learning Objecti ve: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Conceptual Difficulty: Medium 48. According to Freud's theory of development, movement to a new stage is associated with : a. cognitive restructuring. b. resolution of social conflicts. c. changes in hormone production. d. arrival of the libido at a new location. Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Test Bank to Accompany Younger, Adler, Vasta Child Psychology , Third Edition Chapter 1 – Background and Theories Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 49. The stages in Freud's model of child development emerge in which order? a. Oral, latency, anal, phallic, genital b. Oral, anal, genital, phallic, latency c. Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital d. Oral, anal, genital, latency, phallic Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 50. Freud believed that children in the phallic stag e: a. become sexually attracted to their same sex parent. b. experience a period of relative libidinal inactivity. c. force sexually charged feelings into their unconscious. d. focus on oral stimulation. Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the phi losophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 51. According to Freud's theory, identification refers to the process by which children : a. compensate for the feelings of loss that result when they repress their attraction for and adopt characteristics of the opposite sex parent. b. internalize the moral standards of their culture. c. force unacceptable urges into the unconscious. d. establish an attachment relationship with their mother. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Factual Difficulty: Medium 52. One of Freud’s influential ideas was that : a. parents could neve r indulge their children too much. b. early experiences strongly affect later development. c. development is entirely determined by inborn biological processes. d. healthy sexual development requires strict parental discipline. Answer: b Learning Objective : 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 53. Who, from among the following, was the first major developmentalist to argue for an interactionist model of development? Test Bank to Accompany Younger, Adler, Vasta Child Psychology , Third Edition Chapter 1 – Background and Theories Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. a. G. Stanley Hall b. Arnold Gesell c. Sigmund Freud d. John B. Watson Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Fac tual Difficulty: Medium 54. When evaluating Freud’s ideas, developmentalists consider ______ of his theoretical contributions to be most influential: His _______________. a. five; five lifespan stages b. one; idea of repression c. two; interactionist perspect ive and view that early experience is significant in later life d. four; method of introspection, psychosexual stage theory, clinical treatment, and notions about dualism Answer: c Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots o f child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Conceptual Difficulty: Medium 55. Studies of Native American tribes, inner city youth in the U.S., and people in India exemplify Erikson’s : a. lifespan perspective. b. psycho sexual model. c. model of self -actualization. d. psycho social model. Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 56. According to Erikson, healt hy resolution of a developmentally based crisis : a. is directed by the child’s significant others. b. necessitates complete elimination of the negative possibility. c. separates the individual from his or her social world. d. includes primarily a positive tilt, but also a slight inclusion of the negative. Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Factual Difficulty: Medium 57. Which of the follo wing is NOT consistent with Erikson’s model of human development? a. Personality is fixed in early childhood. b. Development proceeds through a predictable series of stages that is guided by genetic processes. c. Each individual’s goal is the quest for ide ntity. d. Erikson’s first five stages correspond to Freud’s five stages. Answer: a Test Bank to Accompany Younger, Adler, Vasta Child Psychology , Third Edition Chapter 1 – Background and Theories Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Conceptual Difficulty: Medium 58. Erikson’s model of human development: a. has eight stages. b. covers the entire lifespan. c. reflects an interactionist perspective. d. all of these alternatives are correct Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the philosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Pioneers of Child Psychology Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 59. A researcher is studying cortisol levels in internationally -adopted children when they’re 1 year old, 2 years old, and then again at 5 years old. This type of research would exemplify what value of conducting research on children? a. Period of rapid development b. Long-term influences c. Real-world applications d. All of these responses are accurate Answer: d Learning Objective: 1.1 Understand the p hilosophical and historical roots of child psychology Topic: Why Study Children? Type: Conceptual Difficulty: Medium 60. A researcher who explains the aggressive behaviour of preschool boys as being due to their television viewing habits emphasizes which influence on development? a. Nature b. Nurture c. Nature and nurture d. Evolution Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.2 Explain the influences of nature and nurture, stability and change, and uniformity and variation on child development Topic : Nature versus Nurture Type: Conceptual Difficulty: Easy 61. Theorists who emphasize the importance of early experience on later development most likely believe : a. development is continuous. b. development is guided primarily by biological factors. c. development is normative. d. development is discontinuous. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.2 Explain the influences of nature and nurture, stability and change, and uniformity and variation on child development Test Bank to Accompany Younger, Adler, Vasta Child Psychology , Third Edition Chapter 1 – Background and Theories Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Topic: Continuity versus Disconti nuity Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 62. Theorists who argue that development consists of qualitative changes are most likely to emphasize : a. environmental influences on development. b. biological influences on development. c. the role of learning in dev elopment. d. motor development. Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.2 Explain the influences of nature and nurture, stability and change, and uniformity and variation on child development Topic: Continuity versus Discontinuity Type: Factual Difficulty: Medium 63. Discontinuity theorists portray development as : a. characterized by periods of relative calm and periods of rapid and abrupt change. b. largely determined by early experience. c. highly variable from individual to individual. d. gradual change. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.2 Explain the influences of nature and nurture, stability and change, and uniformity and variation on child development Topic: Continuity versus Discontinuity Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 64. Idiographic research emphasiz es: a. developmental processes common to all children. b. causes of individual differences in development. c. environmental influences on development. d. group differences in developmental processes. Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.2 Explain the influences of nature and nurture, stability and change, and uniformity and variation on child development Topic: Normative versus Idiographic Development Type: Factual Difficulty: Easy 65. Investigations of universals in children's acquisition of language illustrat es: a. idiographic research. b. normative research. c. continuity research. d. discontinuity research. Answer: b Learning Objective: 1.2 Explain the influences of nature and nurture, stability and change, and uniformity and variation on child development Topic: Normative versus Idiographic Development Type: Conceptual Difficulty: Easy