(Test Bank) Catalano Nursing Now Todays Issues Tomorrows Trends

Catalano, 7

Nursing

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7th Edition

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Joseph T. Catalano • • TodayJs ssues J TomorrowJs Trends Nursing Now!3972_FM_i-xvi 03/01/15 10:58 AM Page i3972_FM_i-xvi 03/01/15 10:58 AM Page iiJoseph T. Catalano, PhD, RN Program Consultant, Author President, Oklahoma Nurses Association Ada, Oklahoma Seventh editionNursing Now! Today’s Issues, Tomorrow’s Trends3972_FM_i-xvi 03/01/15 10:58 AM Page iiiF. A. Davis Company 1915 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 www.fadavis.com Copyright © 2015 by F. A. Davis Company Copyright © 1996, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009 by F. A. Davis Company. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No pa rt of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopyi ng, record- ing, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Acquisitions Editor: Megan Keim Publisher: Joanne P. DaCunha, RN, MSN Director of Content Development: Darlene D. Pedersen, MSN, APRN, BC Content Project Manager: Christina L. Snyder Illustration and Design Manager: Carolyn O’Brien As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies u ndergo changes. The author(s) and publisher have done everything possible to make this book accurate, up to date, and in accord with ac cepted standards at the time of publication. The author(s), editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for c onsequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of the book. Any practice d escribed in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circum stances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised always to check product information (package inserts) for changes and ne w information regarding dose and contraindications before administering any drug. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Catalano, Joseph T., author. Nursing now! : today’s issues, tomorrow’s trends / Joseph T. Catalano. — Seventh edition. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8036-3972-0 I. Title. [DNLM: 1. Nursing—trends. 2. Nursing Care—trends. WY 16.1] RT82 610.7306’9—dc23 2014027951 Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by F. A. Davis Company for users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the fee o f $.25 per copy is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photo copy license by CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service i s: 8036-2763-7/12 0 + $.25.3972_FM_i-xvi 03/01/15 10:58 AM Page ivDedication To all the present and future leaders of the nursing profession who have and will dedicate their time, efforts, and talents to empower nurses across all specialties and practice settings to promote the profession of nursing and improve health care.3972_FM_i-xvi 03/01/15 10:58 AM Page v3972_FM_i-xvi 03/01/15 10:58 AM Page viPreface Major revisions was the name of the game for the seventh edition of Nursing Now: Today’s Issues, Tomorrow’s Trends, with tons of new information and topics! We believe you will be very pleased with how it turned out. It remains truly unique among is- sues and trends books. The seventh edition retains the eye-appealing and user-friendly format that made previous editions so popular. The changes keep coming in health care since the last publication of this text. Major demo- graphic shifts are occurring as baby boomers reach retirement age and the population of new immigrants rapidly expands. As the health-care reform bill con- tinues to be implemented, large groups of individuals now have health-care insurance who didn’t in the recent past. Nurses, as always, are at the forefront of these changes, providing care for the elderly and those who speak English as a second language. They have to implement reforms that look more to quality of care rather than the number of services provided. Thanks to our readers’ suggestions, we have added several new chapters. Chapter 13, “Under- standing and Dealing Successfully With Difficult Behavior,” is an outgrowth of Chapter 12 on com- munication. It organizes difficult behavior around the five elements of the grieving process. It also pro- vides examples of both what clients might say or do when being difficult and the appropriate responses by the nurse. Because of the emphasis placed on quality of care and outcomes of care in the health- care reform bill, Chapter 15, “Ensuring Quality Care,” was added to clearly define what quality is and means and the efforts to achieve it. Chapter 19, “The Politically Active Nurse,” discusses the pros and cons of health-care reform in a balanced man- ner. It is very timely, as the health-care reform bill will be fully implemented over the next few years. Every nurse has noticed the increase of the elderly in the health-care system, so Chapter 23, “Impact ofthe Aging Population on Health-Care Delivery,” was added and discusses how the large influx of the elderly have added additional stress to an already stressed system of care. It is also impossible to deny that there has been an increase in natural and man-made disasters over the past few years. Disaster preparedness is something all nurses need to be familiar with, and new Chapter 26, “Preparing for Functioning Effec- tively in a Disaster,” discusses both the role of the public in preparing for disasters and the special preparation nurses need to have to function after a disaster in providing care for the victims. The chapter on the NCLEX exam was up- dated to reflect the recent changes by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, including samples of the new alternative-format questions. All other chapters were revised with the addition of new con- tent and resources. There is new material on bioethics and leadership and management; expanded discussion of SBAR, QSEN, and Six Sigma; discussion of the LACE model and future plans for advanced practice nurses; expanded information on writing and submit- ting online résumés; and many other new develop- ments in health care. Graduates from today’s nursing programs have opportunities for professional practice and ad- vancement that could only be dreamed of a few years ago. Yes, the demands are many, but the rewards are great. Today’s nursing students must learn more, do more, and be more. Students entering nursing schools today come from diverse cultural, personal, and educational backgrounds. They must master a tremendous amount of information and learn a wide variety of skills so that they can pass the licensure exam and become highly skilled registered nurses. The seventh edition of Nursing Now! Today’s Issues, Tomorrow’s Trends offers students a starting point to influence the future of health care in the vii3972_FM_i-xvi 03/01/15 10:58 AM Page viiUnited States. We are very excited about the revised text and believe its quality and content meet the high standards demanded by our readers. As in past editions, we have retained the interactive format of the text, in addition to the journal layout, current issues boxes, and integrated questions throughout. There are many new graphic illustrations and case studies. We also added a num- ber of new illustrations to increase the visual appeal of the book. The available website with interactive learning activities for students has been updated and expanded. The book’s primary purpose remains the same as in past editions. It presents an overview and synthesis of the important issues and trends that are basic to the development of professional nursing and that affect nursing both today and into the future. Our readers tell us that the book can be used both at the beginning of the student’s educational process as an “Introduction to Nursing” course, and also toward the end of the process as an “Issues and Trends” course. Some instructors even use it throughout their programs, incorporating chapters as the content is reflected in their course presentations. Nursing students remain the primary intended audience for Nursing Now! However, practicing nurses have re- ported there is a sufficiently wide range of current issues and topics covered in enough depth to be useful for their practice.Another dichotomy that nurses face on a daily basis is the ability to hold on to key unchanging principles while working in a constantly changing environment. Simply stated, a nurse’s ability to adapt to changes in the health-care system while remaining focused on providing high-quality care is the basis for a successful professional practice. The only way that nurses will be able to effectively practice their profes- sion in a demanding health-care system is to remain firmly rooted in those values and beliefs that have always served as their source of strength. Even more so than in the past, nurses need to look to each other for the inspiration and the strength that allow them to succeed. Professional organizations still serve as the single most powerful force for nurses, and mem- bership in professional organizations is becoming increasingly important. It is our belief that this book will help future nurses become familiar with the important issues and trends that affect the profession and health care. The nursing profession needs highly skilled nurses who can be civil, teach, do research, solve complicated client problems, provide highly skilled care, obtain advanced degrees, and influence the political realm that so affects all aspects of health care. The leaders of the profession will come from those students who have a clear understanding of what it means to be a professional nurse and are willing to invest effort in attaining their goals. Joseph T. Catalano, PhD, RNviii Preface 3972_FM_i-xvi 03/01/15 10:58 AM Page viiiAcknowledgments I would like to express my sincere thanks to my stu- dents and colleagues who have given their time, knowledge, creativity, and understanding of what is required to promote the profession of nursing both in the present and for the future. I would also like to thank Pam, Sarah, Amanda, Dandy, and Pepper fortheir tolerance and encouragement as I ignore them while I’m on the computer. And a special thank you to Sharon Bator, whose tireless work and outstanding organizational skills contributed to the editing and revision of several chapters. ix3972_FM_i-xvi 03/01/15 10:58 AM Page ix3972_FM_i-xvi 03/01/15 10:58 AM Page xContributors Mary Abadie, RN, MSN, CPNP Assistant Professor Southern University and A&M College School of Nursing Baton Rouge, Louisiana Tonia Aiken, RN, BSN, JD President and CEO Aiken Development Group New Orleans, Louisiana Sharon M. Bator, RN, MSN, CPE Assistant Professor Southern University and A&M College School of Nursing Baton Rouge, Louisiana Barbara Bellfield, MS, RNP-C, RN Family Nurse Practitioner Ventura County Public Health Loma Vista Road Ventura, California Cynthia Bienemy, RN, PhD Director, Louisiana Center for Nursing Louisiana State Board of Nursing Baton Rouge, Louisiana Doris Brown, Med, MS, RN, CNS Public Health Executive Director Robert Wood Johnson Nurse Fellow 2006–2009 Baton Rouge, Louisiana Sandra Brown, RN, DNS, APRN, FNP-BC Professor Southern University and A&M College School of Nursing Baton Rouge, LouisianaJoseph T. Catalano, PhD, RN Program Consultant, Author Ada, Oklahoma Sarah T. Catalano Public Relations Coordinator Cothran Development Strategies Ada, Oklahoma Captain Dr. Leah S. Cullins, MSN, APRN, FNP-BC NIH-NINR SGI Fellow Louisiana Commission on HIV, AIDS, and Hepatitis C Assistant Professor Southern University School of Nursing Undergraduate & Graduate Programs Southern University and A&M College Baton Rouge, Louisiana Lydia DeSantis, RN, PhD, FAAN University of Miami School of Nursing Miami, Florida Joan Anny Ellis, RN, PhD Director, Educational Services Woman’s Hospital Baton Rouge, Louisiana Associate Professor Southern University and A&M College School of Nursing Baton Rouge, Louisiana Mary Evans, JD, RN 316 N. Tejon Colorado Springs, Colorado xi3972_FM_i-xvi 03/01/15 10:58 AM Page xiBetty L. Fomby-White, RN, PhD Southern University and A&M College School of Nursing Baton Rouge, Louisiana Associate Faculty University of Phoenix Online Donna Gentile O’Donnell, RN, MSN Deputy Health Commissioner (Retired) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Anita H. Hansberry, RN, MS Assistant Professor Southern University and A&M College School of Nursing Baton Rouge, Louisiana Nicole Harder, RN, BN, MPA Coordinator, Learning Laboratories Helen Glass Centre for Nursing Faculty of Nursing University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Jacqueline J. Hill, RN, PhD Associate Professor & Chair Undergraduate Nursing Program Southern University A&M College Baton Rouge, Louisiana Edna Hull, PhD, RN, CNE Associate Professor & Program Director Our Lady of the Lake College Metropolitan New Orleans Center New Orleans, Louisiana Sharon W. Hutchinson, PhD, MN, RN, CNE Associate Professor and Chair Graduate Nursing Programs Southern University School of Nursing Southern University and A&M College Baton Rouge, Louisiana Joyce Miller, BSN, CPE, CCM Clarity Hospice of Baton Rouge Baton Rouge, LouisianaKaren Mills, MSN, RN Nurse Family Partnership State Nurse Consultant Louisiana Office of Public Health Baton Rouge, Louisiana Roberta Mowdy, MS, RN Instructor Department of Nursing East Central University Ada, Oklahoma Joseph Mulinari, PhD, RN College of Mt. St. Vincent Department of Nursing Riverdale, New York Linda Newcomer, RN, MSN Instructor Department of Nursing East Central University Ada, Oklahoma Robert Newcomer, PhD Assistant Professor East Central University Ada, Oklahoma Anyadie Onu, RN, MS Assistant Professor Southern University and A&M College School of Nursing Baton Rouge, Louisiana Janet S. Rami, RN, PhD Southern University and A&M College School of Nursing Baton Rouge, Louisiana Mary Ann Remshardt, EdD, RN Assistant Professor Department of Nursing East Central University Ada, Oklahomaxii Contributors3972_FM_i-xvi 03/01/15 10:58 AM Page xiiViki Saidleman, MS, RN Instructor Department of Nursing East Central University Ada, Oklahoma Nancy C. Sharts-Hopko, RN, PhD, FAAN Professor Villanova University Villanova, Pennsylvania Enrica K. Singleton, RN, PhD Professor Southern University and A&M College School of Nursing Baton Rouge, Louisiana Wanda Raby Spurlock, DNS, RN, BC, CNS, FNGNA Associate Professor Southern University and A&M College School of Nursing Baton Rouge, Louisiana Melissa Stewart DNS, RN, CPE Assistant Professor Our Lady of the Lake College School of Nursing Baton Rouge, LouisianaCheryl Taylor, PhD, RN Associate Professor of Nursing Director Office of Nursing Research NLN Consultant to National Student Nurses Association Southern University and A&M College School of Nursing Baton Rouge, Louisiana Karen Tomajan, MS, RN, NEA-BC Clinical/Regulatory Consultant INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Esperanza Villanueva-Joyce, EdD, CNS, RN National Dean for Academics Education Affiliates Kathleen Mary Young, RN, C, MA Instructor Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, MichiganContributors xiii3972_FM_i-xvi 03/01/15 10:58 AM Page xiii3972_FM_i-xvi 03/01/15 10:58 AM Page xiv