(Test Bank) Living Physical Geography

Gervais, 1

Geography, Geology & Earth Science

Test Bank

1st Edition

• $15.00 $50.00

---

Description

Test Bank for Living Physical Geography, The downloadable file consists of 520 pages, and the total size of the file is 5.74 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Gervais

---

---

Study Note Preview

Page 1 Test Bank for Living Physical Geography, 1e Bruce Gervais (All Chapters Answer at the end of each Chapter) Chapter 1 - Portrait of the Atmosphere 1. Which is not a greenhouse gas? A) water vapor B) oxygen C) methane D) ozone 2. Which molecule do es not occur naturally? A) ozone B) methane C) carbon dioxide D) CFCs and HFCs 3. Which is a natural source of carbon dioxide? A) photosynthesis B) volcanic activity C) fossil fuel combustion D) ultraviolet radiation 4. Which is an anthropogenic source of carbon dioxide? A) photosynthesis B) volcanoes C) fossil fuels D) anaerobic bacteria 5. Which is a sink for carbon dioxide? A) photosynthesis B) ultraviolet radiation C) soil bacteria D) volcanoes Page 2 6. Which is a natural methane source? A) photosynthesis B) volcanoes C) fossil fuels D) anaerobic bacteria 7. Which is a methane sink? A) photosynthesis B) ultraviolet radiation C) the oceans D) rainfall 8. Which is a water -vapor source? A) evaporation B) condensation C) ultraviolet radiation D) rainfall 9. Which is a water -vapor sink? A) evaporation B) condensation C) ultraviolet radiation D) fossil fuels 10. Which is an ozone source? A) photosynthesis B) evaporation C) ultraviolet radiation D) aerosols 11. Which is an ozone sink? A) photosynthesis B) condensation C) ultraviolet radiation D) fossil fuels Page 3 12. Which is a nitrous oxide source? A) photosynthesis B) condensation C) ultraviolet radiation D) soil bacteria 13. Which is a nitrous oxide sink? A) photosynthesis B) condensation C) ultraviolet radiation D) soil bacteria 14. Which is a CFC source? A) human activity B) condensation C) ultraviolet radiation D) soil bacteria 15. Which is a CFC sink? A) photosynthesis B) condensation C) ultraviolet radiation D) soil bacteria 16. Clouds are composed of __________. A) water vapor B) aerosols C) nitrogen D) CFCs 17. Ninety -nine percent of the atmosphere is found below __________ kilometers. A) 32 B) 100 C) 170 D) 200 Page 4 18. At sea level there is/are __________ kilogram(s) per square centimeter of air pressure on average. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 19. At sea level there are __________ pounds per square inch of air pressure on average. A) 10.8 B) 14.7 C) 15.4 D) 16.8 20. Which city has the highest air pressure on average? A) Winnipeg, Canada —232 meters (761 feet) B) Cairo, Egypt —23 meters (75 feet) C) Ulan Bator, Mongolia —1,350 meters (4,429 feet) D) Santiago, Chile —520 meters (1,706 feet) 21. Which city has the lowest air pressure on average? A) Winnipeg, Canada —232 meters (761 feet) B) Cairo, Egypt —23 meters (75 feet) C) Ulan Bator, Mongolia —1,350 meters (4,429 feet) D) Santiago, Chile —520 meters (1,706 feet) 22. The lowest -most layer of the atmosphere is called the __________. A) mesosphere B) stratosphere C) thermosphere D) troposphere 23. The division between the troposphere and the stratosphere is called the __________. A) tropopause B) stratopause C) mesopause D) thermopause Page 5 24. On average, the top of the troposphere occurs at about __________ kilometers. A) 5 B) 9 C) 12 D) 18 25. The temperature at the top of the troposphere is about __________ degrees Celsius. A) 0 B) -20 C) -40 D) -60 26. Which is not found in the troposphere? A) a permanent temperature inversion B) all of Earth's weather C) the highest atmospheric density D) vertical mixing 27. The tropopause is the division between what? A) the stratosphere and the mesosphere B) the troposphere and the mesosphere C) the troposphere and the stratosphere D) the stratosphere and the thermosphere 28. Clouds in the troposphere end at the tropopause because __________. A) the stratosphere is too warm B) there is too little water vapor in the stratosphere C) the stratosphere is too high for clouds to reach D) the stratosphere is too cold 29. The atmosphere is thicker in the tropics than at higher latitudes mostly because of __________. A) air circulation patterns B) gravity from the Moon C) Earth's rotation D) cloudiness Page 6 30. The division between the stratosphere and the mesosphere is called the __________. A) tropopause B) stratopause C) mesopause D) thermopause 31. The top of the stratosphere occurs at about __________ kilometers. A) 40 B) 50 C) 60 D) 70 32. The temperature at the top of the stratosphere is about __________ degrees Celsius. A) 0 B) -10 C) -20 D) -30 33. Which is a main characteristic of the stratosphere? A) strong vertical mixing B) permanent temperature inversion C) where meteors burn up D) where all the weather occurs 34. The top of the mesosphere occurs at about __________ kilometers. A) 80 B) 90 C) 100 D) 110 35. The division between the mesosphere and the thermosphere is called the __________. A) tropopause B) stratopause C) mesopause D) thermopause Page 7 36. The temperature at the top of the mesosphere is about __________ degrees Celsius. A) 0 B) -40 C) -60 D) -90 C 37. The top of the thermosphere is found at __________ kilometers. A) 400 B) 500 C) 600 D) 700 38. Temperatures in upper reaches of the thermosphere are as high as _________ degrees Celsius. A) 100 B) 550 C) 1,200 D) 2,100 39. The division between the thermosphere and the exosphere is called the __________. A) tropopause B) stratopause C) mesopause D) thermopause 40. Which statement is not true of the exosphere? A) It is the top -most layer of the atmosphere that fades to outer space. B) Some gas molecules escape from it out to space. C) It is where meteors burn up as they enter the atmosphere from space. D) There is almost no air pressure. 41. Auroras are caused by __________. A) the solar wind B) electromagnetic radiation from the Sun C) high temperatures in the thermosphere D) gas properties of the ionosphere Page 8 42. The timing of the solar wind coincides with the timing of __________. A) drought cycles B) solar flare activity C) stages of the Moon D) Earth's magnetic field strength 43. A primary pollutant is defined as __________. A) a pollutant that is toxic to humans B) a pollutant that enters the air or water directly from the source C) a pollutant that has been altered by reactions with other pollutants D) a pollutant that is emitted by natural sources such as volcanoes 44. Which is not a primary pollutant? A) carbon monoxide B) nitrogen dioxide C) ground -level ozone D) sulfur dioxide 45. The main source of anthropogenic carbon monoxide in urban areas is __________. A) automobiles B) coal burning C) burning agricultural wastes and forests D) unburned gasoline 46. The main source of anthropogenic carbon monoxide in remote areas is __________. A) automobiles B) coal burning C) burning agricultural wastes and forests D) unburned gasoline Page 9 Use the following to answer question 47: 47. Referring to the map of carbon monoxide concentrations, what is the most likely source of carbon monoxide for equatorial Africa in winter? A) industrial emissions B) agricultural waste burning C) fossil fuel emissions D) natural forest emissions 48. Which causes acid rain? A) carbon monoxide B) ground -level ozone C) VOCs D) sulfur dioxide 49. The main source of nitrogen dioxide pollution is __________. A) burning of vegetation B) burning of coal and gasoline C) incomplete burning of gasoline D) chemical reactions in sunlight 50. The main source of VOCs is __________. A) burning of vegetation B) burning of coal and gasoline C) incomplete burning of gasoline D) chemical reactions in sunlight Page 10 51. Which is photochemical smog? A) sulfur dioxide B) ground -level ozone C) nitrogen dioxide D) VOCs 52. Which is not an example of particulate matter? A) dust B) smoke C) ozone D) pollen 53. The main source of particulate matter in the United States is __________. A) coal burning B) industrial processes C) transportation D) windblown dust 54. The main source of particulate matter in northern Africa is __________. A) coal burning B) industrial processes C) transportation D) windblown dust 55. When there is __________ it gets warmer as altitude increases. A) strong wind B) a temperature inversion C) an environmental lapse rate D) acid rain 56. Which is not one of the three main factors that concentrate or disperse pollution? A) topography B) temperature inversions C) vegetation D) wind Page 11 57. The Clean Air Act was first enacted in __________. A) 1967 B) 1970 C) 1985 D) 1990 Use the following to answer questions 58 -61: 58. Referring to the map, what causes particulate matter to be high in the Sahara in northern Africa? A) dust storms B) industrial emissions C) agricultural emissions D) photochemical reactions Page 12 59. Referring to the map, what causes particulate matter to be high in the eastern United States? A) dust storms B) industrial emissions C) agricultural emissions D) photochemical reactions 60. Referring to the map, what causes particulate matter to be high in eastern Asia? A) dust storms B) industrial emissions C) agricultural emissions D) photochemical reactions 61. Referring to the map, what causes particulate matter to be high in northern India? A) dust storms B) industrial emissions C) agricultural emissions D) photochemical reactions Use the following to answer questions 62 -64: Page 13 62. According to the graph, which air pollutant has dropped most between 1990 and 2012? A) CO B) NOx C) PM 10 D) SO 2 63. According to the graph, which air pollutant has dropped least? A) CO B) NOx C) PM 10 D) SO 2 64. Referring to the graph, what is responsible for the downward trend in these pollutants? A) population decrease B) people driving fewer miles C) enactment of the U.S. Clean Air Act D) different measurement techniques 65. The gas that causes ozonosphere thinning is __________. A) methane B) ozone C) CFCs D) carbon dioxide 66. The atmospheric lifetime of a CFC molecule can be __________ years or more. A) 10 B) 100 C) 1,000 D) 10,000 67. Which atom comes from a CFC molecule and breaks ozone apart? A) fluorine B) chlorine C) carbon D) oxygen Page 14 68. What type of solar radiation causes ozone molecules to break apart and reform? A) visible sunlight B) ultraviolet radiation C) thermal radiation D) microwave radiation 69. The geographically most extensive hole in the ozonosphere occurred in what year? A) 1980 B) 1990 C) 2000 D) 2010 70. Where are stratospheric ozone concentrations lowest? A) over the tropics B) over the midlatitudes C) over the North Pole D) over the South Pole 71. __________ facilitate(s) a reduction of ozone in the ozonosphere. A) Particulate matter B) Nacreous clouds C) High atmospheric density D) The presence of nitrogen dioxide 72. When was the Montreal Protocol ratified? A) 1987 B) 1990 C) 1995 D) 2001 73. What did the Montreal Protocol mandate? A) the phaseout of CFCs B) the phaseout of fossil fuels C) the cleaning up of sulfur dioxide D) the phaseout of ground -level ozone Page 15 74. The ozonosphere is anticipated to return to 1980 levels by about the year __________. A) 2020 B) 2040 C) 2060 D) 2080 75. Which condition is not among the human health problems caused by exposure to increased levels of ultraviolet radiation? A) skin cancer B) respiratory problems C) reduced immunity D) cataracts 76. Given the geographic pattern of ozonosphere thinning, which location would have the highest UV radiation levels at ground level? A) the southern United States B) northern Canada C) northern Australia D) southern Australia 77. Under the Montreal Protocol, CFCs have mostly been replaced by what chemical? A) methane B) HFCs C) fluorine D) carbon dioxide 78. A problem with HFCs is that they __________. A) are toxic pollutants B) cause ground -level ozone C) affect plant photosynthesis D) are strong greenhouse gases