(Test Bank) Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology

Welsh,Prentice-Craver, 16

Physiology

Test Bank

16th Edition

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Test Bank for Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology, The downloadable file consists of 692 pages, and the total size of the file is 3.85 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Welsh, Prentice-Craver

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Study Note Preview

Version 1 1 CHAPTER 1 TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) Paired organs that are bilateral, on the left and right side of the body, would be separated by a midsagittal section. ⊚ true ⊚ false 2) The transition from a hunter-gatherer to an agricultural lifestyle greatly changed the types of diseases and injuries that early peoples suffered. ⊚ true ⊚ false 3) Patterns of growth in preserved bones and tooth decay reflect the health of the people of which they were a part. ⊚ true ⊚ false 4) The field of medicine arose as early healers abandoned superstitions and ideas about magic and started using natural chemicals and wondering why they were effective at treating illness. ⊚ true ⊚ false 5) Cadaver dissection is against the law in the United States. ⊚ true ⊚ false 6) The anatomy of a body part is closely related to its physiology. ⊚ true ⊚ false Version 1 2 7) We know all there is to know about the structure and function of the human body. ⊚ true ⊚ false 8) Cells with similar functions aggregate into organelles. ⊚ true ⊚ false 9) Macromolecules are built of atoms. ⊚ true ⊚ false 10) Organ systems consist of organs, which consist of tissues. ⊚ true ⊚ false 11) A cell is the basic unit of structure and function of an organism. ⊚ true ⊚ false 12) The chemical reaction of blood oxygenation is an example of a metabolic process. ⊚ true ⊚ false 13) Absorption is the ability to exhale carbon dioxide. ⊚ true ⊚ false Version 1 3 14) Reproduction is the change in body characteristics over time. ⊚ true ⊚ false 15) Oxygen is the primary raw material for new living material. ⊚ true ⊚ false 16) Temperature is a form of energy, whereas heat is a measurement of the intensity of the temperature. ⊚ true ⊚ false 17) Homeostasis is the maintenance of an unstable internal environment. ⊚ true ⊚ false 18) The maintenance of a steady body temperature in the face of fluctuating environmental conditions illustrates homeostasis. ⊚ true ⊚ false 19) The diaphragm separates the thoracic and the abdominopelvic cavities. ⊚ true ⊚ false 20) The parietal pericardium is attached to the surface of the heart.Version 1 4 ⊚ true ⊚ false 21) The organ systems responsible for integration and coordination are the nervous and endocrine systems. ⊚ true ⊚ false 22) Kidneys are part of the lymphatic system. ⊚ true ⊚ false 23) The muscular system is responsible for body movements, maintenance of posture, and production of body heat. ⊚ true ⊚ false 24) The digestive system filters wastes from the blood. ⊚ true ⊚ false 25) The parietal pleura is a visceral membrane. ⊚ true ⊚ false 26) Aging begins in the fetus. ⊚ true ⊚ false Version 1 5 27) Chromosomes get longeras a cell ages. ⊚ true ⊚ false 28) Ceroid pigments and lipofuscin accumulate with aging, impairing the ability of a cell to withstand the damaging effects of oxygen free radicals. ⊚ true ⊚ false 29) The ears are lateral to the eyes. ⊚ true ⊚ false 30) The elbow is distal to the wrist. ⊚ true ⊚ false 31) A body in the anatomical position is lying down, as a cadaver would be positioned. ⊚ true ⊚ false 32) The following list accurately represents levels of organization in the body from smallest to largest: nucleus → chromosome → liver cell→ liver epithelial tissue → liver→ digestive system ⊚ true ⊚ false 33) The head is superior to the neck. ⊚ true ⊚ false Version 1 6 34) An older adult would be less vulnerable to emerging influenzas and other seasonal viruses due to increased cell efficiency and heightened cell division. ⊚ true ⊚ false 35) A researcher has questions about the functions of the greater omentum, a structure found in the abdominal cavity. They begin researching its various functions. This researcher is studying the physiology of the organ. ⊚ true ⊚ false 36) A researcher has questions about the structure of the mesentery, a tissue connecting the intestines to the wall of the abdominal cavity. They begin researching its location, components, and its specific structures. This researcher is studying the physiology of the organ. ⊚ true ⊚ false 37) The integumentary system is superficial to the skeletal system. ⊚ true ⊚ false CHECK ALL THE APPLY. Choose all options that best completes the statement or answers the question. 38) Which of the following are signs of aging at the cellular level? (Check all that apply) A) Graying hair, waning strength, and wrinkles. B) Unrepaired DNA and abnormal proteins. C) Impaired cell division and the ability to break down and recycle worn cell parts. D) A fatty liver and clogged blood vessels. Version 1 7 MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 39) An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how temperature changes affect the rate at which the heart beats is most likely a(n) __________. A) anatomist B) physiologist C) chemist D) biochemist 40) Why are the topics of anatomy and physiology difficult to separate? A) Physiological functions depend on anatomy of structures. B) Physiological functions in an organism are ongoing. C) The body parts take up space. D) Our understanding of physiology is changing more than our understanding of anatomy. 41) The activities of an anatomist consist of __________, whereas those of a physiologist consist of __________. A) observing bodyparts; studying functions of body parts B) conducting experiments; making microscopic examinations C) studyingmolecules; observing forms of the body parts D) sketching; dissecting 42) What is the origin of the term "anatomy"? A) From the Greek word for "function". B) Named after the first anatomist. C) From the Greek word for "cutting up". D) For the function of internal organs. Version 1 8 43) What is the term "physiology" is relatedto? A) The Latin word for "physical shape". B) The structure of internal organs. C) The Greek word for "cutting up". D) The Greek word for "relationship to nature". 44) What is illustrated by the recent discovery of taste receptors in the small intestine that detect sweetness? A) Chemical responses occur in only one part of the body. B) New discoveries about anatomy and physiology are still being made. C) Everything there is to know about anatomy and physiology has been discovered. D) The molecular and cellular levels are of little interest in anatomy and physiology. 45) Which of the following is not true of organelles? A) They carry on specific activities. B) They are only in cells of humans. C) They are composed of aggregates of large molecules. D) They are found in many types of cells. 46) Which of the following lists best illustrates increasing levels of complexity? A) Cells, tissues, organelles, organs, organ systems. B) Tissues, cells, organs, organelles, organ systems. C) Organs, organelles, organ systems, cells, tissues. D) Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems. 47) In all organisms, what is the basic unit of structure and function?Version 1 9 A) The atom B) The organelle C) The macromolecule D) The cell 48) Specialized cell types organized in a way that provides a specific function form __________. A) tissues B) organs C) organ systems D) organelles 49) Simple squamous epithelium is an example of which organizational level? A) Organ system B) Organ C) Tissue D) Molecule 50) What is assimilation? A) The changing of absorbed substances into different chemical forms. B) The breaking down of foods into nutrients that the body can absorb. C) The elimination of waste from the body. D) The increase in body size without a change in overall shape. 51) The ability of an organism to sense and react tochanges in its body is an example of __________.Version 1 10 A) circulation B) respiration C) responsiveness D) absorption 52) What process is defined as the removal of wastes? A) Metabolism B) Absorption C) Assimilation D) Excretion 53) Which of the following characteristics of life and their descriptions is correct? A) Responsiveness: obtaining and using oxygen to release energy from food. B) Assimilation: sensing changes inside or outside the body and reacting to them. C) Respiration: changing absorbed substances into forms that are chemically different from those that entered the body fluids. D) Circulation: the movement of substances in body fluids. 54) What is the definition of metabolism? A) The removal of wastes produced by chemical reactions. B) The breakdown of substances into simpler forms. C) The taking in of nutrients. D) The chemical reactions occurring in an organism that support life. 55) Which of the following processes does not help to maintain the life of an individual organism?Version 1 11 A) Responsiveness B) Movement C) Reproduction D) Respiration 56) Which of the following processes is most important to the continuation of the human species? A) Responsiveness B) Movement C) Reproduction D) Respiration 57) What is the definition of homeostasis? A) The changing external conditions. B) The maintenance of stable external conditions. C) The changing internal conditions. D) The maintenance of stable internal conditions. 58) Which of the following is an example of a positive homeostatic mechanism in the human body? A) Shivering when body temperature falls below normal. B) Increasing heart rate and force of contraction when blood pressure falls. C) Retention of fluid leading to retention of more fluid. D) Secreting insulin after a meal to return blood sugar concentration toward normal. 59) Which of the following are typically required to maintain a stable internal environment?Version 1 12 A) Positive feedback mechanisms. B) An unstable outside environment. C) Decreased atmospheric pressure. D) Negative feedback mechanisms. 60) You accidentally cut your hand. Bloodplatelets in the area begin to attach to the broken blood vessel walls in the wound. What needs to happen next to create a positive feedback mechanism? A) The platelets change shape and encourage more platelets to rush in and stick to each other to form plugs that seal the broken vessels. B) The platelets sticking to the broken blood vessels signals the blood to stop flowing to that area, which stops the bleeding. C) The sensation of pain in your hand causes your muscles to jerk your hand away from the danger. D) The platelets send signals to the brain to slow heart rate and slow the bleeding. 61) Which of the followingmustthe human body obtain from the environment in order to survive? A) Nitrogen B) Wastes C) Water D) Carbondioxide 62) Homeostasis exists if concentrations of water, nutrients, and oxygen in the body are balanced and heat and pressure __________. A) decreasesteadily B) remain withincertain limited ranges C) increase when thebody is stressed D) fluctuate greatly between very high and low values Version 1 13 63) In negative feedbackmechanisms, what occurs due to changes that move a variable away from the normal state? A) Stimulation to change the variable in the same direction. B) Inhibition of all body reactions. C) Stimulation to change the variable in the opposite direction. D) Stimulation to reduce all requirements of the body. 64) What is the effect of a positive feedback mechanism? A) It causes long-term changes. B) It moves conditions away from the normal state. C) It brings conditions back to the normal state. D) It produces stable conditions. 65) Which of the following illustrates a positive feedback mechanism? A) Maintenance of blood pressure. B) Uterine contractions during childbirth. C) Body temperature control. D) Control of blood sugar. 66) Which of the following is true regarding the effect of a positive feedback mechanisms? A) They are theprimary means of maintaining homeostasis. B) They stabilizeconditions. C) Theycauseunstable conditions, at least temporarily. D) They maintain theinternal environment. E) They moveconditions toward a setpoint. 67) Which of the following diseases would originate in the abdominopelvic cavity?Version 1 14 A) Asthma B) Laryngitis C) Myopia (near-sightedness) D) Pancreatitis 68) Pneumothorax (collapsed lung) is a condition that occurs when an air-filled space forms between the lung and the wall of the pleural cavity. This space would be between the __________. A) parietal pleura and visceral pleura B) parietal pleura and visceral pericardium C) visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium D) parietal pericardium and parietal pleura 69) What is a main function ofthe digestive system? A) Formation ofcells B) Movement of bodyparts C) Absorption ofnutrients D) Providing oxygen for the extraction ofenergy from nutrients. 70) Which of the following is not part of the female reproductive system? A) The uterus B) The uterine tube C) The vulva D) The scrotum 71) The thoracic cavity is __________ to the abdominopelvic cavity.