(Test Bank) Astronomy Today

Chaisson,Mcmillan, 8

Geography, Geology & Earth Science

Test Bank

8th Edition

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Test Bank for Astronomy Today, The downloadable file consists of 600 pages, and the total size of the file is 2.56 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Chaisson, Mcmillan

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1 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Astronomy Today, 8e (Chaisson/McMillan) Chapter 1 Charting the Heavens: The Foundations of Astronomy 1.1 True/False Questions 1) The distances to bodies in the so lar system are a few light minutes to light hours. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1 .1 2) A light -year is a measurement of time. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Section Ref: 1.1 3) It was Aristotle who used the scientific method to show the Earth was a sphere. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.2 4) Constellations are close clusters of star s, all at about the same distance from the Sun. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Section Ref: 1.3 5) From the South Pole, Polaris would appear directly overhead. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Section Ref: 1.3 6) Only at the equator are all the stars visible over the co urse of the year. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Section Ref: 1.3 7) Over the course of a night, Polaris moves less than any other visible star in the sky. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.3 8) There are 3,600 arc seconds in a degree. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Section Ref: More Precisely 1 -1 2 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 9) At apogee, the Moon is at its farthest from Earth and thus appears smaller than normal. Because of this it can produce only annular solar eclipses, but not total solar eclipses. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.5 10) If a star rises about 9 PM tonight, and with the sidereal day being four minutes less than the solar one, then in a month it will rise about 7 PM. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Section Ref: 1.5 11) From Earth, the Sun and Moon have about the same angular di ameter. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Section Ref: 1.5 12) The full moon rises around sunrise, and sets around sunset. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Section Ref: 1.5 13) From full moon to third quarter moon takes about a week. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.5 14) The first quarter moon will rise about noon, and set about midnight. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.5 15) As it orbits the Earth, the Moon appears to move eastward about its own diameter every hour. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Section Ref: 1.5 16) The parallax shift of a star would be greater if viewed from Mars than from Earth. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.6 3 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 1.2 Multiple -Choice Questions 1) Which of the choices below correctly lists things in order from largest to smallest? A) Local Group, Solar System, Milky Way, Universe B) Universe, Milky Way, Local Group, Solar System C) Solar System, Local Group, Universe, Milky Way D) Universe, Local Group, Milky Way, Solar System E) Milky Way, Universe, Solar System, Local Group Answer: D Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.1 2) Modern scientific theories are NOT: A) testable. B) continuously tested. C) simple. D) perfect. E) elegant. Answer: D Diff: 1 Section Ref: 1.2 3) An effective theory must: A) have been proven. B) must have been around for centur ies or longer. C) be continuously tested. D) include mathematical formulae. Answer: C Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.2 4) Aristotle's hypothesis was that: A) lunar eclipses were created by our shadow. B) only a spherical Earth would always cast a circular shado w on the Moon. C) lunar eclipses would have to happen every full moon. D) the Sun lay at the center of the planet orbits. E) the Moon orbited the Earth. Answer: B Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.2 4 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 5) About how many stars are visible on a clear, dark night with the naked eye alone? A) a few dozen B) a few hundred C) a few thousand D) tens of thousands E) millions and millions Answer: C Diff: 1 Section Ref: 1.3 6) Into how many constellations is the celestial sphere divided? A) 12 B) 44 C) 57 D) 88 E) 110 Answe r: D Diff: 1 Section Ref: 1.3 7) What are constellations? A) groups of galaxies gravitationally bound and close together in the sky B) groups of stars making an apparent pattern in the celestial sphere C) groups of stars gravitationally bound and appear ing close together in the sky D) ancient story boards, useless to modern astronomers E) apparent groupings of stars and planets visible on a given evening Answer: B Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.3 8) Where on Earth would you be if Polaris was at your zenith? A) North Pole B) Arctic Circle C) Tropic of Cancer D) Equator E) It lies overhead everywhere on Earth. Answer: A Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.3 5 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 9) Where on Earth can you observe all the stars in the sky over an entire year? A) North Pole B) Arctic Circle C) Tropic of Cancer D) Equator E) Everyone on Earth can see the whole sky. Answer: D Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.3 10) Why did early civilizations observe constellations? A) only for religious reasons B) for practical reasons, such as navigation and helping to d etermine seasons C) only for recreational reasons D) only to predict a person's destiny Answer: B Diff: 1 Section Ref: 1.3 11) While watching a star, you see it moves 15 degrees across the sky. How long have you been watching it? A) 1 hour B) 3 hours C) 15 minutes D) 15 seconds E) 1 minute Answer: A Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.4 6 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 12) This diagram explains: A) the difference between solar time and sidereal time. B) precession. C) the solar day's relation to the Moon. D) the sidereal day's relation to th e seasons. E) the reason for the solstices. Answer: A Diff: 1 Section Ref: 1.4, Fig. 1.13 13) How long is the precession cycle? A) 1 day B) 29.5 days C) 365.24 days D) 18 years, 11.3 days E) 26,000 years Answer: E Diff: 1 Section Ref: 1.4 7 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 14) The p lace the Sun stops its northward motion along the ecliptic is the: A) equator. B) prime meridian. C) summer solstice. D) vernal equinox. E) node of the ecliptic. Answer: C Diff: 1 Section Ref: 1.4 15) The places where the Sun crosses the equator are cal led the: A) annalemmas. B) prime meridians. C) zeniths. D) equinoxes. E) solstices. Answer: D Diff: 1 Section Ref: 1.4 16) Seasons on Earth are primarily caused by: A) the distance from the Earth to the Sun. B) the tilt of the Earth's rotational axis. C) the tilt of the Earth's magnetic axis. D) the precession of the Earth's rotational axis. E) the dates of the solstices and equinoxes. Answer: B Diff: 1 Section Ref: 1.4 17) A year is defined as: A) the time it takes for Earth to complete a rotation on its axis. B) the time it takes for the Moon to complete an orbit of Earth. C) the time it takes for the Moon to complete a phase cycle. D) the time it takes for Earth to complete an orbit around the Sun. E) the time it takes for the Sun to complete an orb it around Earth. Answer: D Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.4 8 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 18) From a location in the United States of America, a star is observed to be rising due East. Where will this star be located 6 hours later? A) directly overhead B) high in the Northern sky C) high i n the southern sky D) setting due West E) The location of the star cannot be determined from the information given. Answer: C Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.4 19) Which statement about the ecliptic is FALSE? A) The Sun appears to move about a degree per day east ward long it. B) It is tilted 23.5 degrees with respect to the equator. C) The year is marked by the Sun's return to the same place along it. D) The Moon can never leave it, but moves twelve times faster than the Sun. E) The major planets stay close to it, but not always on it. Answer: D Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.4 20) You note that a particular star is directly overhead. It will be directly overhead again in: A) 1 hour. B) 12 hours. C) 23 hours 56 minutes. D) 24 hours. E) 24 hours 4 minutes. Answer: C Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.4 21) That Polaris will not always be the pole star is due to: A) the sidereal day being shorter than the solar day. B) precession shifting the celestial pole. C) the Moon following the ecliptic, instead of the equator. D) the Earth's revolution being slightly less than exactly 365.25 days. E) the Solar winds blowing the Earth farther away from the Sun. Answer: B Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.4 9 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 22) What celestial line is a product of the Earth's orbit around the Sun? A) Ecliptic B) Prime Meridian C) Equator D) Galactic Plane E) Analemma Answer: A Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.4 23) If your astrological sign is Aries, the Sun should be in the constellation Aries on your birthday. The dates, according to astrological tradition, during which the Sun is in the constellation Aries are March 21 to April 20th. In which constellation is the Sun actually in, during this time period? A) Aquarius B) Pisces C) Aries D) Taurus E) Gemini Answer: B Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.4 24) Where would you be if the Sun sets for six continuous months, beginning on September 23rd? A) North Pole B) Arctic Circle C) Equator D) Antarctic Circle E) South Pole Answer: A Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.4 25) Where would you be if the Sun passes through your zenith on December 21st? A) Equator B) Tropic of Cancer C) Tropic of Capricorn D) Antarctic Circle E) South Pole Answer: C Diff: 3 Section Ref: 1.4 10 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 26) The constellations of the zodiac fall along: A) the ecliptic. B) the celestial equator. C) lines of longitude. D) lines of lat itude. Answer: A Diff: 1 Section Ref: 1.4 27) When the Sun rises, it is located in the constellation Gemini. When the Sun sets later that same day, it will be: A) in the constellation Aries. B) in the constellation Taurus. C) in the constellation Gemini . D) in the constellation Cancer. E) in the constellation Leo. Answer: C Diff: 3 Section Ref: 1.4 28) Which statement about the length of a day is FALSE? A) At the North Pole, the day lasts six months, then six months of night. B) At the equator, every d ay is twelve hours long, then twelve hours of night. C) For the United States, June 21st will be the longest day. D) The solar day is four minutes longer than the sidereal one. E) The sidereal day includes both the Earth's rotation and revolution around th e Sun. Answer: E Diff: 3 Section Ref: 1.4 29) If Taurus is now rising at sunset, which constellation will rise at sunset next month? A) Scorpius B) Aquarius C) Gemini D) Aries E) Pisces Answer: C Diff: 3 Section Ref: 1.4 11 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 30) The angular size of an o bject depends on which two quantities? A) the object's actual size and its mass B) the object's distance from us and its brightness C) the object's actual size and its distance from us D) the objects brightness and its mass Answer: C Diff: 2 Section Ref: More Precisely 1 -2 31) If the angular size of a spherical object is known, along with its distance from Earth, what third quantity can be determined? A) the object's brightness B) the object's mass C) the baseline D) the object's diameter Answer: D Diff: 2 Section Ref: More Precisely 1 -2 32) A solar eclipse can only happen during a: A) new moon. B) solstice. C) first quarter moon. D) full moon. E) perihelion passage of the Sun. Answer: A Diff: 1 Section Ref: 1.5 33) A lunar eclipse can only happen d uring a: A) new moon. B) equinox. C) full moon. D) perigee. E) aphelion. Answer: C Diff: 1 Section Ref: 1.5 12 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 34) If the Moon rose tonight at 6 PM, then tomorrow it will rise about: A) the same time. B) 7 PM. C) 5 PM. D) dawn. E) midnight. Answer: B Diff: 1 Section Ref: 1.5 35) If you are in the Moon's umbral shadow, then you will witness: A) nighttime. B) a total solar eclipse. C) a total lunar eclipse. D) a partial solar eclipse. E) some kind of lunar eclipse. Answer: B Diff: 1 Section Ref: 1.5 36) Which statement about the first quarter moon is FALSE? A) It rises about noon. B) From the Earth, it appears 25% sunlit. C) It is the half moon of the evening sky. D) It is highest in the sky at sunset. E) It occurs about a week after new moon. Answer: B Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.5 37) If new moon fell on March 2nd, what is the Moon's phase on March 14th? A) waxing crescent B) first quarter C) waxing gibbous D) full E) waning crescent Answer: C Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.5 13 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 38) Why is there a two day differ ence in the sidereal and synodic months? A) The Moon speeds up at perigee, and slows down at apogee. B) The sidereal day is four minutes shorter than the solar day, and it adds up. C) The Earth is closer to the Sun during the sidereal month. D) The Earth i s also revolving around the Sun, so the Moon must "catch up". E) The Moslem lunar year is only 354 days long, on average. Answer: D Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.5 39) What conditions are necessary for an annular solar eclipse? A) new moon on equator at perige e B) full moon on ecliptic at perihelion C) new moon on ecliptic at perigee D) new moon on equator at apogee E) new moon on ecliptic at apogee Answer: E Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.6 40) What conditions are necessary for a total solar eclipse? A) new moon on ecliptic near perigee B) full moon on ecliptic near aphelion C) new moon on equator at perigee D) full moon on equator at perigee E) new moon on ecliptic near aphelion Answer: A Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.5 41) Driving eastward just before sunrise, if you observe the Moon in the eastern sky, its phase must be: A) full moon. B) first quarter. C) waxing Gibbous. D) waning Crescent. E) new moon. Answer: D Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.5 14 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 42) When the Moon is directly opposite the Sun in the sky, its phase is: A) new. B) waxing or waning crescent. C) first or third quarter. D) waxing or waning gibbous. E) full. Answer: E Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.5 43) The last quarter phase of the Moon: A) rises at sunrise. B) sets at sunrise. C) crosses the meridian at sunrise. D) rises at sunset. E) sets at sunset. Answer: C Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.5 44) What conditions are necessary for a partial solar eclipse? A) new moon on ecliptic, with us in the penumbral shadow B) full moon on equator, with us in the umbral shadow C) new moon at perigee D) full moon at apogee E) first or third quarter moon at a node Answer: A Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.5 45) Some type of solar eclipse will happen about: A) every month at new moon. B) every week at full moon. C) every month at full moon. D) about every six months at new moon. E) every year at new moon. Answer: D Diff: 3 Section Ref: 1.5 15 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 46) The star Wolf 1061 has a parallax of 2.34 arcseconds, while the star Ross 652 has a parallax of 1.70 arcseconds. What can you correctly conclude? A) B oth stars are outside the Milky Way galaxy. B) Wolf 1061 must have a larger proper motion than Ross 652. C) Ross 652 must have a larger proper motion than Wolf 1061. D) Ross 652 is closer to Earth than Wolf 1061. E) Wolf 1061 is closer to Earth than Ross 6 52. Answer: E Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.6 47) The Earth's circumference was first determined by: A) Aristotle using lunar eclipses. B) Pythagoras with geometry. C) Hipparchus with stellar parallaxes. D) Erastothenes with solstice shadows. E) Aristarchus wi th first and third quarter Moon timings. Answer: D Diff: 2 Section Ref: 1.6 48) Which of the following describes parallax? A) It is best measured over exactly one year intervals. B) It is inversely proportional to the distance to the star. C) It was firs t observed by Galileo with his new telescope. D) It is only applicable to objects within the solar system. E) It is more accurate as the distances to objects become greater. Answer: B Diff: 3 Section Ref: 1.6 49) A star with a large parallax: A) is at a great distance from Earth. B) is moving at a great speed with respect to Earth. C) is at a short distance from Earth. D) is moving at a slow speed with respect to Earth. E) is not moving with respect to Earth. Answer: C Diff: 3 Section Ref: 1.6