(Test Bank) 21St Century Astronomy

Kay, 6

Geography, Geology & Earth Science

Test Bank

6th Edition

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Author(s): Kay

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TEST BANK FOR 21ST CENTURY ASTRONOMY, 6E KAY CHAPTER 1 Thinking Like an Astronomer LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1.1 Earth Occupies a Small Place in the Universe 1.1a State our “cosmic address.” 1.1b Express astronomical distances and distance scales. 1.1c Explain basic astronomical terms and concepts. 1.2 Science Is a Way of Viewing the Universe 1.2a Explain the scientifi c usage of the terms fact, idea, hypothesis , theory , and law. 1.2b Distinguish between the common meanings of the terms fact, idea, hypothesis , theory, and law, and their scientific meanings. 1.2c Describe the steps of the scientific method. 1.2d Assess wh ether a given statement is scientific. 1.2e Demonstrate that scientific knowledge is provisional. 1.2f Explain the significance of the cosmologica l principle. 1.2g Evaluate competing hypotheses using Occam’s razor. 1.3 Astronomers Use Mathematics to Find P atterns 1.3a Identify patterns in nature. 1.3b Explain how natural patterns imply underlying physical laws. Working it Out 1.1 Mathematical Tools Working It Out 1.1a Express numbers in scientific and standard notation. Working It Out 1.1b Describe the phys ical properties of objects using ratios. Working It Out 1.1c Predict the change in proportional quantities with respect to each other. Working it Out 1.2 Reading a Graph Working It Out 1.2a Identify the major features of a graph: x-axis, y -axis, x scale, y scale, data points, slope. Working It Out 1.2b Assess different curves on a graph. Working It Out 1.2c Demonstrate the ability to read data from a graph. Origins 1 An Introduction Origins 1a Explain the goals and scope of the field of astrobiology. MULTIP LE CHOICE 1. The Sun is a a. supercluster. d. star. b. moon. e. planet. c. galaxy. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1a State our “cosmic a ddress.” MSC: Remembering 2. The number of planets in our Solar System is a. six. d. twelve. b. eight. e. twenty. c. nine. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1a State our “cosmic address.” MSC: Remembering 3. Milky Way is the name of a. our Sol ar System. d. the supercluster of galaxies we are in. b. the galaxy in which we live. e. the entire universe. c. the local group of galaxies we are in. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1a State our “cosmic address.” MSC: Understanding 4. Our gala xy and the few dozen nearest galaxies are known as the a. Solar System. d. Virgo Supercluster. b. Milky Way. e. Laniakea Supercluster. c. Local Group. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1a State our “cosmic address.” MSC: Remembering 5. Accordi ng to the figure below, if you were to specify your address in the universe, listing your membership from the smallest to largest physical structures, it would be a. Earth, Local Group, Solar System, Andromeda, the universe. b. Earth, Solar System, Loca l Group, Milky Way, the universe. c. Earth, Solar System, Milky Way, Local Group, Laniakea Supercluster, the universe. d. Earth, Solar System, Milky Way, Laniakea Supercluster, the universe. e. Earth, Laniakea Supercluster, Milky Way, Solar System, the universe. ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1a State our “cosmic address.” MSC: Understanding 6. The Andromeda Galaxy is also part of the Local Group, so it is also part of a. the Solar System. d. the Virgo Supercluster. b. the Milky Way. e. dark energy. c. the Moon. ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1a State our “cosmic address.” MSC: Unders tanding 7. According to the figure below, Earth is located approximately a. at the center of the Milky Way. b. near the center of the Milk y Way. c. about halfway out from the center of the Milky Way. d. at the farthest outskirts of the Milky Way. e. outside the Milky Way, which is why we can see it as a band across the night sky. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Express astronomica l distances and distance scales. MSC: Analyzing 8. When a change occurs on the surface of the Sun, how long does it take before astronomers on Earth can see the change? a. 8 minutes d. 1 day b. 11 hours e. It reaches us instantaneously. c. 1 second ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Express astronomical distances and distance scales. MSC: Applying 9. The average distance between Earth and the Sun is 1.5  1011 m, and light from the Sun takes approximately ________ to reach Earth. a. 8 seconds d. 8 days b. 8 minutes e. 8 years c. 8 hours ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Express astronomical dista nces and distance scales. MSC: Applying 10. One of the nearest stars, Alpha Centauri, is 4.4 light -years from Earth. The time it takes light to travel from Alpha Centauri to us is a. 1.25 seconds. d. 600 years. b. 8.3 minutes. e. 2.2 million years. c. 4.4 years. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Express astronomical distances and distance scales. MSC: Applying 11. The time it takes light to cross Neptune’s orbit is closest to which of the following? a. instantaneous b. a second c. a quick meal d. a night’s sleep e. the time between presidential elections ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Express astronomical distances and distan ce scales. MSC: Analyzing 12. A light -hour is a measure of a. time. d. speed. b. distance. e. acceleration. c. energy. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Express astronomical distances and distance scales. MSC: Understanding 13. If one thinks ab out the distance between Earth and the Moon, 384,400 km, approximately how much of that distance would Saturn and its rings take up? a. much more than this distance b. less than half this distance c. more than half this distance d. exactly this distance e. None of these choices is correct. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Express astronomical distan ces and distance scales. MSC: Understanding 14. The diameter of the Moon is a. larger than the distance across the continental United States. b. roughly equal to the longest distance across Texas. c. more than half the distance across the continental U nited States. d. less than half the distance across the continental United States. e. None of these choices is correct. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Express astronomical distances and distance scales. MSC: Remembering 15. What is the app roximate number of stars in the Milky Way? a. 10 million d. 300 billion b. 300 million e. 1 trillion c. 10 billion ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Express astronomical distances and distance scales. MSC: Remembering 16. The distance to the nearest large spiral galaxy, the Andromeda Galaxy, is 2.4  1022 m. How long does it take light to travel from Andromeda to us? a. 4.4 years d. 2.5 million years b. 360 years e. 4.5 billion years c. 1.2 thousand years ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Express astronomical distances and distance scales. MSC: Applying 17. One of the nearest stars is Alpha Centauri, whose distance from E arth is 4.2  1016 m. How long does it take light to travel from Alpha Centauri to us? a. 1.25 seconds d. 560 years b. 8.3 minutes e. 6,200 years c. 4.4 years ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Express astronomical distances and distance scales. MSC: Apply ing 18. A light -year is a unit commonly used in astronomy as a measure of a. time. d. distance. b. speed. e. acceleration. c. mass. ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Express astronomical distances and distance scales. MSC: Understanding 19. How many times larger is our galaxy (100,000 light -years across) than our Solar System ( 11 light -hours across)? a. 100 d. 106 b. 1,000 e. 108 c. 10,000 ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Express astronomical distances and distance scales. MSC: Applying 20. After the Sun, the next nearest star to us is approximately ________ away. a. 8 light-seconds d. 4 light -years b. 80 light -minutes e. 200 light -years c. 40 light -hours ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Express astronomical dista nces and distance scales. MSC: Remembering 21. The figure below measures distances in the amount of time it takes light to travel. If the circumference of Earth is a snap of your fingers (1/7 second), the diameter of the Solar System is approximately equ al to a. the length of a quick lunch. d. the time you spent in high school. b. the time to turn a page in a book. e. a human lifetime. c. the length of the workday. ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Express astronomical distances and distanc e scales. MSC: Analyzing 22. Light from the Andromeda Galaxy that is just reaching us first left Andromeda when a. the woolly mammoth last walked the Earth. b. humans began exploring the skies with telescopes. c. Homo erectus first walked the Earth. d. the Solar System formed. e. the universe began. ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Ex press astronomical distances and distance scales. MSC: Applying 23. How long does it take light to travel from the center of the Laniakea Supercluster (5  1023 m away) to us? a. 7,000 years d. 12 million years b. 54,000 years e. 54 million years c. 120,000 years ANS: E DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Express astronomical distances and distance scales. MSC: Applying 24. The speed of light is approx imately a. 3,000 km/s. d. 3 million km/s. b. 30,000 km/s. e. 3 billion km/s. c. 300,000 km/s. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1b Express astronomical distances and distance scales. MSC: Remembering 25. Our universe is approximately 13.7 ________ y ears old. a. hundred d. billion b. thousand e. trillion c. million ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1c Explain basic astronomical terms and concepts. MSC: Remembering 26. The majority of the mass in our universe is made up of a. planets. d. dust. b. stars. e. dark matter. c. galaxies. ANS: E DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1c Explain basic astronomical terms and concepts. MSC: Remembering 27. The majority of the energy in our universe is a. radiated by stars from the nuclear fusion going on in their cores. b. the kinetic energy found in the collisions of galaxies. c. the gravitational potential energy of superclusters. d. emitted in radioactive decays of unstable elements. e. made up of dark energy that permeates space. ANS: E DIF: Diffi cult REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1c Explain basic astronomical terms and concepts. MSC: Remembering 28. The first event in the history of the universe is called the a. Great Beginning. b. Manhattan Project. c. Universal Spring. d. Big Bang. e. None of these are correct, as the universe had no beginning. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1c Explain basic astronomical terms and concepts. MSC: Remembering 29. A hypothesis is an idea that is a. Falsifiable. d. always part of a larger theory. b. undeniably true . e. absolutely untrue. c. not falsifiable. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2a Explain the scientific usage of the terms fact, idea, hypothesis, theory, and law. MSC: Understanding 30. A hypothesis may become a theory a. automatically, as the ter ms mean the same thing. b. if a majority of scientists agree on its propositions. c. after it has been logically proved. d. if it makes at least one verifiable prediction. e. after many repeated attempts to falsify it fail. ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2a Explain the scientific usage of the terms fact, idea, hypothesis, theory, and law. MSC: Understanding 31. In the scientific method, a fact is a(n) a. opinion or an idea. d. opinion backed by an expert. b. observation or a measurement. e. rigorously tested theory. c. type of test. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2a Explain the scientific usage of the terms fact, idea, hypothesis, theory, and law. MSC: Remembering 32. A theory is a. tied to known physical laws. b. able to make test able predictions. c. a hypothesis that has withstood many attempts to falsify it. d. subject to being revised by new evidence. e. all of these ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2b Distinguish between the common meanings of the terms fact, idea, hypot hesis, theory, and law, and their scientific meanings. MSC: Understanding 33. Which of the following is true? a. A scientific theory is an undisputed fact. b. If continual testing of a hypothesis shows it to be valid, it may become an accepted theory. c. A hypothesis must never have one or more testable predictions. d. A scientific theory must not be able to be proven wrong when scientists acquire new data. e. A hypothesis can become a theory without it being tested. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2b Distinguish between the common meanings of the terms fact, idea, hypothesis, theory, and law, and their scientific meanings. MSC: Analyzing 34. A theoretical model is a. a made -up explanation. b. a detailed description in terms of known phys ical laws or theories. c. a testable assumption. d. a scientific law. e. a detailed computer simulation. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2c Describe the steps of the scientific method. MSC: Understanding 35. Before you can scientifically test a hypothesis, you must use the hypothesis to develop a a. scientific theory. d. computer model. b. claim that cannot be falsified. e. new fact. c. prediction to test. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2c Describe the steps of the scientific metho d. MSC: Understanding 36. The scientific method is a process by which scientists a. prove theories to be known facts. b. gain confidence in theories by failing to prove them wrong. c. show all theories to be wrong. d. test the ideas of Aristotle. e. survey what the majority of people think about a theory. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2c Describe the steps of the scientific method. MSC: Understanding 37. A ________ becomes a ________ when repeated testing of its predictions does not dispr ove it. a. hypothesis; scientific method d. hypothesis; theory b. theory; scientific revolution e. law; theory c. phenomenon; theory ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2c Describe the steps of the scientific method. MSC: Applying 38. In science a n idea that cannot be tested is a. a hypothesis. d. a principle. b. not a scientific idea. e. a law. c. a theory. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2d Assess whether a given statement is scientific. MSC: Understanding 39. The statement “our universe is but one of a multitude of isolated universes” is best characterized as a(n) a. speculative but unscientific idea. b. scientific fact. c. physical law. d. hypothesis that is currently being tested. e. impossible situation. ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2d Assess whether a given statement is scientific. MSC: Applying 40. A scientific theory can be shown to be wrong if a. cultural beliefs evolve to contradict it. b. scientists gather new data that contradict its predictions. c. it canno t explain all phenomena in the universe . d. it was first proposed as conjecture. e. a majority of people do not accept it. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2e Demonstrate that scientific knowledge is provisional. MSC: Understanding 41. Albert E instein’s theory of relativity replacing Isaac Newton’s theory of gravity is an example of a. a failure of the scientific method. b. Occam’s razor. c. the cosmological principle. d. the provisional nature of scientific knowledge. e. the need for creati vity in scientists. ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2e Demonstrate that scientific knowledge is provisional. MSC: Understanding 42. A scientific principle is a. a scientific law. b. a detailed description in terms of known physical laws or theories. c. a general idea or sense about the universe. d. an easily testable statement. e. the next step beyond a scientific theory. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2f Explain the significance of the cosmological principle. MSC: Remembering 43. The cosmological principle states that a. the universe is expanding in all directions at the same rate. b. a unique center of the universe exists. c. the universe looks the same everywhere and in all directions as long as you look on large enough spatial scales. d. physical laws change from place to place in the universe. e. the universe is in a “steady state.” ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2f Explain the significance of the cosmological principle. MSC: Remembering 44. Because of _ _______, we can conclude that gravity works the same way on Earth as it does on Mars. a. Newton’s theory of relativity d. the cosmological principle b. Einstein’s special theory of relativity e. the hypothetical statute c. Sagan’s planetary principle ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2f Explain the significance of the cosmological principle. MSC: Applying 45. One of the central assumptions in astronomy is that the physical laws of nature a. change when objects move at high speed. b. change thr oughout the age of the universe. c. depend on the mass of the objects involved. d. are the same everywhere in the universe. e. change noticeably from place to place. ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2f Explain the significance of the cosmologica l principle. MSC: Applying 46. If you have a stuffy nose, a fever, chills, and body aches and a doctor treats you for the flu rather than four separate diseases that account for each of your symptoms, this is an application of a. Newton’s hypothesis. d. Einstein’s relativity. b. Occam’s razor. e. the Copernican principle. c. Aristotle’s test. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2g Evaluate competing hypotheses using Occam’s razor. MSC: Applying 47. When two explanations describe something eq ually well, ________ says that we should assume the simpler one. a. Newton’s hypothesis d. Einstein’s biggest blunder b. Occam’s razor e. the Copernican principle c. Aristotle’s test ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 OBJ: 1.2g Evaluate competing hypotheses u sing Occam’s razor. MSC: Remembering 48. The language of patterns, and therefore of science, is a. Greek. d. Java. b. mathematics. e. Latin. c. calculus. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 OBJ: 1.3a Identify patterns in nature. MSC: Understanding 49. The figure below shows the night sky as it appears to an observer in the United States at the same time of the night but at four different seasons of the year. A reasonable conclusion that can be drawn from these images is that a. the stars move about the sky randomly. b. the stars appear to rotate over the course of a year. c. the night sky is always the same. d. there are only four possible configurations of stars in the sky. e. the position of the stars changes the temperature of the Earth. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 OBJ: 1.3a Identify patterns in nature. MSC: Analyzing 50. When you let go of an apple, you expect it to fall to the ground. This is because a. down is the only direction it can go in. b. apples always move directly toward th e largest object. c. your science teacher has told you that is the only possibility. d. red colors are attracted to green colors. e. there has been a past pattern of objects always falling toward the Earth. ANS: E DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 OBJ: 1.3a Id entify patterns in nature. MSC: Applying 51. When you see a pattern in nature, it is usually evidence of a. a theory being displayed. d. an underlying physical law. b. quantum mechanics in action. e. a decrease in entropy. c. a breakdown of random clus tering. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 OBJ: 1.3b Explain how natural patterns imply underlying physical laws. MSC: Understanding 52. If nature behaves according to a certain physical law, then that law should result in a. random behavior. d. quantum me chanics. b. repeating patterns. e. the Big Bang. c. Occam’s razor. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 OBJ: 1.3b Explain how natural patterns imply underlying physical laws. MSC: Understanding 53. Scientific notation is used in astronomy primarily because it allows us to a. write very large and very small numbers in a convenient way. b. talk about science in an easy way. c. change easy calculations into hard calculations. d. change hard calculations into easy calculations. e. explain science to enginee rs. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 OBJ: Working It Out 1.1a Express numbers in scientific and standard notation. MSC: Remembering 54. The number 123,000 written in scientific notation is a. 1.23  106 d. 1.23  10−6 b. 1.23  105 e. 1.23  10−3 c. 1.23  103 ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 OBJ: Working It Out 1.1a Express numbers in scientific and standard notation. MSC: Applying 55. (6  105)  (3  10−2) = a. 1.8  103 d. 1.8  108 b. 1.8  104 e. 1.8  10−3 c. 1.8  106 ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 OBJ: Working It Out 1.1a Express numbers in scientific and standard notation. MSC: Applying 56. (1.2  109)  (4  10−3) = a. 3  106 d. 3  1011 b. 3  105 e. 3  1012 c. 3  1010 ANS : D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 OBJ: Working It Out 1.1a Express numbers in scientific and standard notation. MSC: Applying 57. The number 1.5  104 can also be written as a. 0.00015 d. 15,000 b. 0.0015 e. 150,000 c. 1,500 ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 OBJ: Working It Out 1.1a Express numbers in scientific and stan dard notation. MSC: Applying 58. If the radius of circle B is twice the radius of circle A, and the area of a circle is proportional to the radius squared ( A  r2), then the ratio of the area of circle B to that of circle A is a. 4. d. 2. b. 0.5. e. 1.414. c. 0.25. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 OBJ: Working It Out 1.1b Describe the physical properties of objects using ratios. MSC: Applying 59. If the radius of circle B is 5 times the radi us of circle A, then the ratio of the area of circle B to that of circle A is a. 25. d. 0.04. b. 5. e. 0.025. c. 0.2. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 OBJ: Working It Out 1.1b Describe the physical properties of objects using ratios. MSC: Applying 60. If the radius of sphere B is 5 times the radius of sphere A, then the ratio of the volume of sphere B to the volume of sphere A is a. 0.008. d. 25. b. 0.2. e. 125. c. 5. ANS: E DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 OBJ: Working It Out 1.1b Describe the physical pr operties of objects using ratios. MSC: Applying 61. The ar ea of a circle is related to its diameter by the formula Using algebra to solve for D, we find that a. d. b. e. c. ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 OBJ: Working It Out 1.1c Predict the change in proportional quantities with respect to each o ther. MSC: Applying 62. The volume of a sphere is related to its radius by the formula . Using algebra to solve for R, we get a. d. b. e. c. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 OBJ: Working It Out 1.1c Predict the change in proportional quantities with respect to each other. MSC: Applying 63. If the speed of light is 3  105 km/s and 1 km = 0.62 mile, what is the speed of light in miles per hour (mph)? a. 670 million mph d. 186 thousand mph b. 670 thousand mph e. 3.2 billion mph c. 186 mph ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 OBJ: Working It Out 1.1c Predict the change i n proportional quantities with respect to each other. MSC: Applying 64. The orbital period of Mercury is 88 days. What is its orbital period in units of seconds? a. 76,000 seconds d. 760 billion seconds b. 7.6 million seconds e. 76 million seconds c. 7.6 billion seconds ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 OBJ: Working It Out 1.1c Predict the change in proportional quantities with respect to each other. MSC: Applying 65. What are the units of the vertical axis in the figure below? a. km d. h/km b. hours e. There are no units on this axis. c. km/h ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 OBJ: Working It Out 1.2a Identify the major features of a graph: x -axis, y -axis, x scale, y scale, data points, slope. MSC: Understanding 66. What is the slope of line in the figure below? a. 0 km/h d. 60 km/h b. 6 km/h e. 60 h/km c. 6 h/km ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 OBJ: Working It Out 1.2a Identify the major features of a graph: x -axis, y -axis, x scale, y scale, data points, slope. MSC: Analyzing 67. Which graph in the figures below is a plot of a linear behavior? a. figure (a) d. none of these b. figure (b) e. all three graphs c. figure (c) ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 OBJ: Working It Out 1.2b Assess different curves on a graph. MSC: Analy zing 68. Approximately how many viruses are there at time step 10 in the figure below? a. 500 d. 2,000 b. 1,000 e. 2,500 c. 1,500 ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 OBJ: Working It Out 1.2c Demonstrate the ability to read data from a graph. MSC: Analyzin g 69. Approximately how many viruses are there at time step 5 in the figure below? a. 2 d. 90 b. 10 e. 100 c. 30 ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 OBJ: Working It Out 1.2c Demonstrate the ability to read data from a graph. MSC: Analyzing 70. The study of whether or not life exists elsewhere in the Solar System and beyond is called a. origins. d. astrobiology. b. biochemistry. e. exoplanetology. c. cosmology. ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: Origins 1 OBJ: Origins 1a Explain the goals and scope of t he field of astrobiology. MSC: Understanding SHORT ANSWER 1. What is the only thing that makes the Sun an exceptional star? ANS: The fact that it is our star! DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 OBJ: 1.1a State our “cosmic address.” MSC: Remembering