(Test Bank) Crime and Intelligence Analysis An Integrated Real-Time Approach

Grana,Windell, 2

Criminology & Criminal Justice

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2nd Edition

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Test Bank for Crime and Intelligence Analysis An Integrated Real-Time Approach, The downloadable file consists of 186 pages, and the total size of the file is 0.49 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Grana, Windell

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Test Bank for Crime and Intelligence Analysis An Integrated Real -Time Approach, 2e Glenn Grana, James Windell ( All C hapters) True = T False = F MCQ Correct Answer is Masker with * Chapter One: The Crime Problem True & False items: 1. Crime in generally consid ered to be a problem in the U.S. (T) 2. President Lyndo n Johnson appointed a commission to s tudy crime in 1965. (T) 3. Most Americans believe crime i s declin ing. (F) 4. Ameri ca is the only country that has a crime problem. (F) 5. Each society has had to anal yze the crime problem and develop a theory that would lead to the implementation of laws or policies that would attempt to contain or decrease the crime problem . (T) 6. Crime and intelligence analysis typically takes the approach of examining the offenders’ behaviour . (T) 7. The term intelligence refers to the data available to, collected by, or d isseminated through the tactical crime analyst . (T) 8. A real-time setting or a real-time crime center refers to the location where many tactical crime analysts play video games. (F) 9. The term Intelligence analysis refers to what the tactical crime analyst does in his or her position . (T) 10. An Intelligence Analyst continually evaluat es and analyz es data in order to provide the most useful possible information to poli ce officers . (T) Multiple Choice items: _____ 11. We know that crimin al jus tice systems were in place in some countries several thousand yea rs ago. All of the following illus trate this e xcept f or: A. Hammurabi established a criminal code in Mesopotamia in 2100 BC B. In the sixth century BC, the Athenians create d a system of “popular courts” C. The Ro mans had Twelve Tables , which codi fied the laws, in 452 AD D. In America, President Johnson established a crime commission in 1965 * _____ 12. Today, the U.S. has an evolved crimi nal justice system that is : A. Multi-layered and sophisticated * B. Crude and poorl y developed C. Barbaric and designed to harm children D. Sophisticated in its evil intent _____ 13. Cesare Beccaria is known as : A. The man who inve nted juvenile courts B. The founder of classical criminology * C. The who started The Humane Society and Child Protectio n agency D. The founder of capita l punishment _____1 4. Beccaria ’s phil osophy, which is spelled out in h is book, On Crimes and Punishment , was that: A. People are irrat ional and deserve harsh punishments B. People have mental health problems and should be exempt from laws and punishments C. People are rational and they do things that bring them pleasure; they avoid doing things which bring them pain * D. People learn best when they are threatened with long puni shments and hard lab or _____1 5. According to Cesare Becca ria, since people are rational and think before act ing, punishment for crimi nal behavior should be : A. Certain and swift with appropriate duration and intensity * B. Arbitrary and harsh C. Of sufficient du ration to teach the offend er a valuable lesson D. Decided by jud ges who are experts at being rational ______1 6. Since Beccaria ’s time, _____________ of the ories of c rimin ology and cr iminal behavior have been developed. A. About 10 B. Thousands C. Two or three D. Dozens * _____1 7. One contempora ry theory of cri minal behavior comes from Samuel Yochelson and Stanton Samenow, who pr opose that: A. Criminals are biological ly differe nt from the rest of us B. Criminals have no choice when i t comes t o criminal offending C. Criminals freely choose their behavio r in a quest for power, control and excitement * D. Criminals have serious mental health issues _____18. Most criminological theories are concerned with why : A. Peop le are murderous B. Indiv iduals commit crimes * C. People are evil D. Individuals feel guilty about their behavior _____19. Modus operandi means : A. The typical pattern s used in the commission o f a crime by offender s * B. How people operate when interacting with others C. The mode of trying t o get away with a crime D. The forensic evidence left by the criminal _____20. The Analysis Triangle is: A. A geometric figure useful in math analysis B. A way of determin ing wh o committed a crime C. A useful illustration that suggests a theory for linking crime and criminal behavior to external factors * D. An example of how forensic evidence is obtained _____21. SARA is a model developed by Professor Herman Goldstein at the University of Wisconsin –Madison to : A. Enhance the problem -solving approach to policing * B. Describe the way police officers use force C. Bring respon sible leadership to poli ce department s D. Determin e who is g uilty in a crime _____22. The term “ SARA ” is an acronym that stands for : A. Sisters, Analyzing , Response & Attitude B. Scanning , Analysis, Respect & Author ity C. Safety, Attitude, Respect & Assessment D. Scanning, analysis, response, & assessmen t * _____23. This course is about: A. How crime analysts learn to w ork independently from police officers & detective s B. Eliminating police corruption C. This course is about how crime analysts work and what they need to k now in order to provide critical and vital information to police officers * D. Dealing with stress when solv ing crimes Chapter Two: What do we Know about Crime? True & False items: _____1. Crim e analysts rely on examining statistical data . (T) _____2. Results of data analysis of sta tistics are used, in part, to form c onclusions that support the justification for tactical recommendations made to address issues related to crime . (T) _____3. We n eed never to be skeptical about crime statistics. (F) _____4. One important question you m ust ask regarding crime statistics is: Are crime measurements measuring what they purport to be measuring? (T) _____5. One of the most frequently used data sources for estimating crime come from the FBI ’s Uniform Crim e Reports . (T) _____6. The Uniform C rime Reports are released every three years. (F) _____7. Uniform Crime Reports dat a comes from citizens and their views about cri me. (F) _____8. The N ational Crime Victimization Survey has been conducted annually sinc e 1972 by the Bureau of the Census fo r the U.S. Department of Justice’s B ureau of Justice Statis tics. (T) _____9. The NCVS is a rich source of information about criminal victimization . (T) _____10. The results of the NCVS show that there are many more c rimes that are committed than are rep orted to the police for the UCR Program . (T) Multiple Choice: _____11. The most frequently used data sources for estimating crime come from : A. The Uniform Crime Rep orts, the NCVS, the NIBRS and Self -report studies . * B. Gallup Polls . C. CNN surveys. D. Interview s cond ucted by the FBI. _____12. The the FBI’s UCR data is compiled from more than : A. 1,000 interviews with families. B. 1800 high school students. C. 18,000 law enforce ment agencies . * D. 10,000 public opinion surveys. ____ _13. When the results of the UCR are made public each year, total statistics crime are reported to the public in two broad categories: A. Upper class and lower class B. Robbery and Homicide C. Type I and Type I I crimes D. Violent crime an d Property crime * _____14. The Uni form Crime Reports statistics on crime are ge nerally regarded as: A. Fairly use less and bias ed. B. Official crime data. * C. Self-report data D. The best information available about victimization. _____ 15. One significant drawback to the UCR i s: A. It only co unts crime reported to the police * B. It includes all crimes C. It doesn ’t include crimes committed by white people D. It doesn ’t include statistics from rural police departments. _____16. The NIBRS program is being developed by: A. The Bureau of Justice Statist ics B. The White House C. The FBI * D. The Bureau of the Census _____17. The NIBRS program will essenti ally enhance the UCR by: A. Including statistics from Indian tribes and the homeless B. Provi ding offense & a rrest data on 22 broad categories of crime * C. Including data on healthcare fra ud and i dentity theft D. Providing arrest information on all minorities _____18. The N ational Crime Victimization Survey ( NCVS ) is: A. A self-report survey in wh ich people are asked to tell about crimes in the neighborhood . B. A self-report survey in wh ich people are asked t o reveal intimate details about family life . C. A self-report survey in wh ich people are asked to tell about victimizations they experienced during the prior six months . * D. A self-report survey in which persons are asked robberies and homicides they committ ed. _____19. The NCVS complements the UCR Program by : A. Giving a more complete picture of the extent of crime in the U.S. * B. Providing details of crimes local police departments failed to report. C. Giving profiles of assa ult vic tims. D. Providing information ab out illegal immigrants. _____20. By comparing the UCR and the NCVS , it is found that: A. The police never arrest innocent people. B. All cr imes are reported to the polic e. C. Fewer than 10 percent of crimes a re report ed to the police. D. Fewer than half of violent crimes are reported to the police . * _____21. S elf-report surveys : A. Are secret surveys . B. Ask people to reveal information about themselves and their own law violations . * C. Are invalid because everyone lies. D. Ask peop le to tell a bout the ir friend ’s crimi nal offense s. _____22. A basic assum ption of self -report studies is : A. That the assurance of anonymity and confidentiality will encourage people to be honest about t heir illegal activities . * B. That people don ’t like fi lling ou t questionnai res. C. That peopl e only reveal some of their offenses. D. That people do not trust that a self -report will be kept confidential . _____23. Self-report surveys are a way to learn more ab out the “dark figures of crime ;” which refers to: A. Those individuals who wear masks to comm it crimes. B. Stealthy figures who rob and steal at night. C. Those people who refuse to take surveys. D. The individuals who don’t show up in official statistics . * ____ _24. One thing found from self -report surveys is that: A. African Amer icans commit more crimes than white people. B. Upper class youth commit more crimes than lower c lass youth. C. There is no difference in the amount of crime committed by lower - class and middle -class youth . * D. White youth commit more robberies than do Hispanic youth. _____25. Comp Stat is an accountability process officially adopted by : A. The Department of Justice in the 1980s. B. The FBI in the 1990s. C. The New York City Police Department in 1994 . * D. By the Cleveland Police Department in 2 005. _____2 6. CompStat, as used by law enforcem ent, is : A. An in-house process that holds upper manageme nt accountable for crime reduction within their respective areas of patrol . * B. A program in police depar tment s to solve un solved crimes. C. An in -house pro cess that attempts to weed out corruption in po lice departments. D. A program that uses complex statistics to better un derstand crime in the suburbs. _____27. As established i n the New York City Police Department, CompStat is: A. A program that relies on confidential informants. B. Based on the philosophy tha t crime doesn ’t pay. C. A program that punishes police off icers who fail to solve crimes. D. Based on the idea of utilizing accurate and timely intelligence about underly ing crime conditions . * _____28. While statistics a nd data are often meaningful, they mu st be: A. Discarded by crime analysts. B. Examined for any sort of constructive purpose for law enforcement . * C. Used by crime analysts to help justify pay r aises for poli ce officers. D. Exami ned by law enfo rcement adminis trators to have any meaning. _____29. The crime analysis process must follow five steps: (1) data collection, (2) data collation, (3) analysis, (4) dissemination of results, and: A. Assessment of the number of crimes solved. B. Criticism from citizens. C. Incorporati on of feedback from users of the info rmation . * D. Assessment of the compliments related to graphics. _____30. Three ways to collect and store d ata are Computer -aided dispatch , Records manage ment system and: A. Amazon ’s cloud-based voice se rvice. B. Geographic data system . * C. Blackboard educatio nal platform. D. Manual accounting system. _____31. Computer -Aided Dispatch (CAD) in police departmen ts is usually used to track the status of every call to its comple tion and to: A. Efficiently manage the resources of the p olice department relative to the volume of calls . * B. Record all personal phone calls by police officers. C. Keep tra ck of where every law en forcement officer is at every moment. D. Make sure no squad car mak es an unauthorized stop. _____32. Records Management System is a system that allows the co llection & storage of : A. Relevant forensic evidence. B. Photos of suspects. C. Relevant police data . * D. All police officers who have had reprimands. _____33. ArcGIS is a : A. Software program to find out wh ere suspects live. B. Geographic information system * C. System that automatically sends out robo calls for the police. D. Geographic a rchiv ing service. _____34. ArcGIS gives the police the ability to : A. Take data from CAD or RMS and st ore it away. B. Take data from CAD or RMS and locat e who l ives in a certain residence. C. Take data from CAD or RMS and decide whether domestic violence ever occurred there. D. Take data from CAD or RMS and give the data a geographic location and put th at on a map . * _____35. Often, data for the crime analys t to examine will come from C AD, RMS and: A. ArcGI S * B. Alexa C. Netflix D. Hulu Chapter Three: What Causes People to Commit Crimes? True & False items: 1. Ideas and theories about what causes crime go back hundred s of years . (T) 2. In the Middle Ages, there seemed litt le differentiation between sin & crim e. (T) 3. Cesare Beccaria wrote a book entitled On Crim es and Punishment in 1764 to provide an explanation of why people commit crimes. (T) 4. Beccaria was responsible for the classical school of criminology . (T) 5. The classical school of criminology takes the position that p eople are irrational and have no free will. (F) 6. The positivist school saw human behavior as based on a combination of internal and external influe nces. (T) 7. All psychological explanations look insid e the human mind for the causes of cr iminal offendi ng. (T) 8. More recently, some psychologists have linked criminal behavior to a psychological condition called disruptive behavior disorder (DBD) . (T) 9. The cognitive theory of criminal offe nding suggests t hat criminal offend ers are psychotic. (F) 10. Cognitive theories of crimi nal behaviour indicate that criminal offendin g results from habits of thought & interpretations of reality . (T) 11. Sociological ex planations of crime look at criminal behaviors as eman ating from environmental influences . (T) 12. An early sociological explanation for criminal behavior was di fferential association theory , proposed b y Edwi n Sutherland . (T) 13. Integrated approaches to crim inology try to combine various schools of thought rega rding crime causation to explain crim inal offending . (T) 14. There are, perhaps, three theories of criminal offending that are useful for crime analysts. (T) 15. In fulfilling their role in assisting law en forcement through the analysis of crime and disorder p roblems, a familiarity with criminolo gical theories will be important to the crime analys t. (T) Multiple Choice items: _____16. In this book, On Crime s and Punishment , Beccaria explained his belief that people are : A. Basical ly mentally ill. B. Rational and do things that bring them pleasure while avoid ing doing things that bring them pain . * C. Criminal by nature. D. Irrational and operate without thinking about conseq uences. _____17. The English philosoph er, Jeremy Bentham, proposed a neoclassical way of exp laining crime ; his view was that: A. People are r ational, but children and the mentally ill should not be held accountable for their actions. * B. People are r ational, but even children need severe punishmen t for criminal b ehav ior. C. People are r ational, but some times there are mitigating circumstan ces, such as poverty. D. People are r ational, but the mentally ill should be executed. _____18. In the later half of the 19th century, the scientific approach gave ri se to the : A. Cognitive school of criminology. B. Social co ntrol school of criminology. C. Behavior al school of criminology. D. Positivist school of criminology . * _____19. The positivist school saw human behavior as based on a combination of internal and external influences , such as : A. Poverty, race and capitalism . B. Biology, psychology and social factor s. * C. Class, memor y and psychoanalysis. D. Biology, psychology and prejudice . _____20. An early positivist was Cesare Lombroso, who considered biological attributes to be : A. The reason why men were superior. B. The cause o f riots in prisons. C. The real roots o f crime . * D. The reason why women were so violent. _____21. Psychoanalysts viewed deviant and criminal be havior as result ing from: A. Depraved and vicious backgrounds . B. Overdependence with the m other. C. Personality imbalanc es. * D. Laziness. _____22. Later in the 20th century, some psychologists linked criminal behavior to a psychological condition called : A. Disruptive Behavior Disorder (DBD) . * B. Attention Deficit Hyperac tivity Disorder (A DHD). C. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) . D. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD ). _____23. Children and teens can experience either of two forms of Disruptive Behavior Disorder (DBD ): A. ADHD and Asperger ’s Syndrome. B. Oppositional Defiant Disorde r and Conduct Disorder. * C. Suicide and depression. D. Oppositional behavior and stubbornness . _____24. Some psychologists have developed a cognitive theory of crime . Cognitive theory sugge sts that criminals : A. Behave diffe rently than good people. B. See the world through rose-colored glasses. C. Interpret situations di fferently than non -criminals . * D. Are inherently evil. _____25. Samuel Yochelson and Stanton Samenow theorized that criminals choose to commit crimes and that the cause of the choice to commit crimes is related to: A. The way the y think . * B. The way they express their em otions. C. The way they pr actice their religious beliefs. D. The way they behave when intoxicated. _____2 6. Beginning in the 1930s, sociolo gical explanations of crime proposed that : A. Crime resul ted from poor parenting. B. Crime resulted from psycho logical influences. C. Crime resulted from environmental influences . * D. Crime resulted from evil spirits. _____27. Social bonding theo ry states that: A. Bonds to society must be elastic. B. Individuals break the law when they have no friends. C. Weak bonds to society l ead to serious mental illness. D. If an individual has weak bonds to society, then that person is less likely to respect the customary social rules or laws . * _____28. Integrated approaches , such as life -course theory, combine various schools of thought reg arding crime causation in order to ex plain : A. Criminal offending . * B. Domestic v iolence. C. Homicidal tendencies. D. Prejudicial attitudes. _____29. According to t he authors of the book, Crime and Intell igence Analysis: An Integrated Real-Time Approach , three theories that provide the greatest util ity for the crime analyst are Rational Choice Theory, Routine Activities Theory, and: A. Strain Theory. B. Labeling Theory. C. Criminal Personality Theory. * D. Social Disorga nization Theory. _____30. For the crime analyst, analyzing the reasons why a particular cr iminal is engaging in a series of offenses may be important in contributing to law enforcement efforts to : A. Obtain overtime pay. B. Arrest the innocent. C. Solve a crime pr oblem or apprehend an offender . * D. Conduct a search a nd seizure. _____31. Several police strategies have been created as intervention and prevention efforts to directly address the crime problem ; thes e models and methods should be : A. Discarded by the crime analyst. B. Part of the general knowledge of crime analy sts in carrying out their various fun ctions . * C. Seen as insignificant. D. Viewed in a suspicious way. _____32. In In the standard model of policing , law enforcement provides services, primarily based on 911 calls and then investigates those calls for servic e. This is a: A. Proactive form of polic ing. B. Aggressive form of policing. C. Reactive form of policing. * D. Passive form of policin g. _____33. In the form of policing called community policing , the police r ely on: A. Snitches from the neighbourhood . B. A symbiotic r elationship between law enforcement and its community partners . * C. Distance from people in the community. D. Community leaders minding their own business. _____34. In the broken windows model of policing , Wilson and Kelling proposed that the police should f ocus on: A. The most violent crime s. B. Only the rob beries and homicides. C. Targeting specific public nuisance behavior s that lead to the deterioration of the neighbourhood or city. * D. Subway crimes. _____35. In the Problem -Oriented Policing approach , the idea is that the police should take a : A. Reac tive role in policing.