(Test Bank) PSYCHOLOGY Coon Journey 5th Edition - Chapter 13

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1 Test bank -PSYCHOLOGY Coon Journey 5edition-Chapter 13 Chapter 13: Therapies MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A psychological technique used to facilitate positive changes in a person’s personality, behavior, or personal adjustment defines a. pharmacotherapy. b. somatotherapy. c. psychotherapy. d. psychosurgery. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Origins of Therapy-Bored Out of Your Skull OBJ: 13.1.1 KEY: Fact 2. Which of the following would be the best definition of psychotherapy? a. The use of drugs and other medical techniques to alleviate the symptoms of emotional disturbance. b. A technique in which improvement is caused not by the process but by the client’s expectations. c. A psychological technique used to facilitate positive changes in a person’s personality, behavior, or personal adjustment. d. A technique in which a group of people discuss their problems in person or through social networking sites. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Origins of Therapy-Bored Out of Your Skull OBJ: 13.1.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 3. Trepanning, as a primitive procedure, involved boring a hole into the skull to a. relieve pressure or release “evil spirits.” b. shock patients into a remission of symptoms. c. coerce and control disruptive patients. d. punish those who had committed crimes. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Origins of Therapy-Bored Out of Your Skull OBJ: 13.1.1 KEY: Fact 4. Which of the following was a primitive procedure that was used to “release evil spirits” and consisted of boring, chipping, or bashing holes in the patients’ heads? 2 a. ergotism b. trepanning c. ECT d. REBT ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Origins of Therapy-Bored Out of Your Skull OBJ: 13.1.1 KEY: Fact 3 5. As a modern procedure, trepanning, also called trephining, involves a. the use of computer-generated images to present fear stimuli in the desensitization process. b. the suppression of an undesirable response by associating it with aversive stimuli. c. passing an electric shock directly through the brain to induce a convulsion. d. any surgical procedure in which a hole is bored into the skull. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Origins of Therapy-Bored Out of Your Skull OBJ: 13.1.1 KEY: Fact 6. Regarding trepanning, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. As a primitive technique, it was done to relieve pressure or release evil spirits. b. Some “patients” actually survived the primitive treatment of trepanning. c. The procedure of trepanning is also called trephining. d. Trepanning has not been used as a medical treatment since the early 1800s. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Origins of Therapy-Bored Out of Your Skull OBJ: 13.1.1 KEY: Fact 7. Regarding the ancient approaches for treating mental illness, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Archaeological findings dating to the Stone Age suggest that most ancient approaches to treating mental illness were marked by fear and the superstitious belief in witchcraft and magic. b. In ancient times, when holes were drilled into the skull to release evil spirits, no person ever survived this procedure. c. During the Middle Ages when mental illness focused on demonology, physical torture was used to make the body an inhospitable place for the devil to reside. d. Exorcism, which was used to “cast out evil spirits” was considered a religious ritual. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Origins of Therapy-Bored Out of Your Skull OBJ: 13.1.1 / 13.1.2 KEY: Fact 8. In what way are trephining and exorcism alike? a. Both cause mental illness. b. Both were used as treatments by Pinel in the Bicêtre Asylum. c. Both were considered approaches for removing evil spirits. d. Both are considered Gestalt therapies. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Origins of Therapy-Bored Out of Your Skull OBJ: 13.1.1 / 13.1.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 4 9. During the Middle Ages, abnormal behavior was blamed on supernatural forces, such as possession by the devil and on curses from witches and wizards. Thus, treatments for mental illness in Europe during this time period focused on what is known as a. demonology. b. asceticism. c. Gestaltism. d. ergotism. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Origins of Therapy-Bored Out of Your Skull OBJ: 13.1.2 KEY: Fact 10. During the Middle Ages, the treatment for abnormal behavior often involved physical torture in order to “cast out the evil spirits,” which was part of a procedure known as a. psychodrama. b. exorcism. c. ergotism. d. asceticism. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Origins of Therapy-Bored Out of Your Skull OBJ: 13.1.2 KEY: Fact 11. In Europe, exorcism was used as a treatment at a time when medieval “therapists” focused on which of the following as the cause of abnormal behavior? a. trepanning b. humanism c. demonology d. Gestaltism ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Origins of Therapy-Bored Out of Your Skull OBJ: 13.1.2 KEY: Fact 12. Regarding exorcism, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Exorcism was a religious ritual. b. Exorcism was used to “cast out” evil spirits. c. Exorcism often involved some type of physical torture. d. Exorcism is similar to the procedure called psychodrama. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Origins of Therapy-Bored Out of Your Skull OBJ: 13.1.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 5 13. Modern analysis of “demonic possession” suggest that many victims were suffering from which of the following conditions? a. epilepsy b. schizophrenia or depression c. dissociative disorders d. any one of these disorders ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Origins of Therapy-Bored Out of Your Skull OBJ: 13.1.2 KEY: Concept 14. Ergot poisoning refers to a. a primitive form of drug therapy. b. a form of demonic possession that was treated by trepanning. c. reactions to LSD chemicals found in a fungus. d. a treatment designed to expand sensory experience. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Origins of Therapy-Bored Out of Your Skull OBJ: 13.1.3 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 15. Regarding ergot, which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Ergot was used to treat patients who had undergone trepanning. b. Ergot can cause muscle twitches, delirium, and hallucinations. c. Ergot is a lethal bacteria discovered by Philippe Pinel. d. Ergot was the term applied to the ravings of the mentally ill within the asylum. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Origins of Therapy-Bored Out of Your Skull OBJ: 13.1.3 KEY: Concept 16. During the Middle Ages, if people ate rye bread tainted by a grain fungus, they would develop a psychotic-like condition, which was attributed to demon possession then, but which we now know was caused by a. anxiolytics. b. psychotropics. c. ergot poisoning. d. trepanning. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Origins of Therapy-Bored Out of Your Skull OBJ: 13.1.3 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 17. Humane treatment for the mentally ill was brought about by the work of which of the following, who literally unchained the “patients” in a European asylum in 1793? a. Victor Frankl b. Philippe Pinel c. Fritz Perls d. Joseph Wolpe ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Origins of Therapy-Bored Out of Your Skull OBJ: 13.1.4 6 KEY: Fact 18. In 1793, French doctor changed the Bicêtre Asylum in Paris from a squalid “madhouse” into a mental hospital by unchaining the inmates and treating them humanely and compassionately. This French doctor was a. Alfred Binet. b. Philippe Pinel. c. Jean-Martin Charcot. d. Paul Sollier. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Origins of Therapy-Bored Out of Your Skull OBJ: 13.1.4 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 19. For what is Philippe Pinel most famous? a. changing an asylum in Paris into a mental hospital b. discovering that the grain fungus ergot caused a psychotic-like condition c. developing the technique of trephining to alleviate pressure in the brain d. developing the psychotherapy known as existentialism ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Origins of Therapy-Bored Out of Your Skull OBJ: 13.1.4 KEY: Fact 20. Who is credited with developing the first true psychotherapy about 110 years ago to treat what he called cases of hysteria? a. Sigmund Freud b. Fritz Perls c. Hans Eysenck d. Victor Frankl ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.1 KEY: Fact 21. Which of the following believed that emotional problems, which he called “hysteria,” originated from unconscious conflicts? a. Victor Frankl. b. Fritz Perls. c. Carl Rogers. d. Sigmund Freud. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.1 KEY: Fact 22. About 110 years ago, the first true psychotherapy was developed by a. Freud to treat hysteria. b. Pinel to treat psychosis. c. Eysenck to treat neurosis. d. Frankl to treat anxiety. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.1 KEY: Fact 7 23. Many of Freud’s first patients had physical symptoms, such as paralysis or numbness, for which no physical causes could be found. Freud called this condition a. schizophrenia. b. an organic psychosis. c. hysteria. d. ergotism. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.1 KEY: Fact 24. The first true psychotherapy was developed to help people suffering from what was then called hysteria, a condition which is now known as a. dissociative disorders. b. schizophrenia. c. bipolar disorders. d. somatoform disorders. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.1 KEY: Fact 25. Sigmund Freud became convinced that the “hysteria” his patients were suffering from was caused by a. a faulty self-image. b. unconscious conflicts. c. bizarre dreams. d. transference. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.1 KEY: Concept 26. Sigmund Freud developed the first true psychotherapy, which he called a. logotherapy. b. psychoanalysis. c. client-centered therapy. d. transactional analysis. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 27. Freud’s theory was based on the belief that neuroses were caused by a. repressed memories, motives, and conflicts. b. learned maladaptive behaviors. c. negative self-regard. d. destructive interpersonal relationships. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate 8 REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Concept 28. Which of the following theorists believed that conflicts stemmed from instinctual drives for sex and aggression and forced people to develop rigid ego defenses and compulsive, self-defeating behaviors? a. Fritz Perls b. Aaron Beck c. Carl Rogers d. Sigmund Freud ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 29. Freud’s theory stressed that “neurosis” and “hysteria” were caused by repressed memories, motives and conflicts with these hidden forces remaining active in the personality and causing people to develop a. learned helplessness. b. rigid ego defenses and compulsive, self-defeating behavior. c. incongruence between the real self and the ideal self. d. a loss of meaning in their lives so their self-awareness becomes disjointed. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Concept 30. The main goal of psychoanalysis was to a. bring an end to irrational internal dialogue. b. provide the client with unconditional positive regard and empathy. c. reduce internal conflicts that led to emotional suffering. d. apply learning principles to change maladaptive behaviors. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Concept 31. Free association, dream analysis, analysis of resistance, and analysis of transference are aspects of which psychotherapy? a. Gestalt psychotherapy b. psychoanalysis c. existential therapy d. rational-emotive behavioral therapy ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Fact 32. In which type of therapy were the analysis of resistance and transference first used? a. client-centered therapy b. Gestalt therapy 9 c. logotherapy d. psychoanalysis ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Concept 33. Freud’s method of psychotherapy involved a. bringing to an end the patient’s irrational and self-defeating internal dialogue. b. unconditional positive regard, empathy, and reflection. c. free association, dream analysis, and transference. d. drugs and psychosurgery. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Concept 34. The purpose of free association and dream analysis is to a. confront patients’ irrational beliefs. b. uncover the unconscious roots of neurosis. c. discover the patient’s ideal self. d. increase the use of ego defense mechanisms. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Concept 35. The purpose of free association is to a. create a psychologically safe environment for the client. b. reflect the client’s thoughts and feelings so the client can see them more clearly. c. lower defenses so that unconscious thoughts and feelings will emerge. d. challenge irrational beliefs of the patient so that constructive changes can be made. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Concept 36. Saying whatever comes to mind, even if it seems senseless, painful, or embarrassing, is part of the Freudian technique known as a. dream analysis. b. analysis of transference. c. free association. d. analysis of resistance. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Fact 10 37. Aaron is asked by his therapist to relax and talk about any thoughts that come into his head, letting his thoughts move freely from one idea to the next. Aaron’s therapist is using which psychoanalytic technique? a. analysis of transference b. reciprocal inhibition c. reflection d. free association ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Application 38. Freud called which of the following the “royal road to the unconscious” because forbidden desires and unconscious feelings were freely expressed? a. transference b. resistance c. dreaming d. free association ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Fact 39. Who stated that dreams provide a “royal road to the unconscious” because forbidden desires and unconscious feelings are freely expressed? a. Abraham Maslow b. Carl Rogers c. Albert Ellis d. Sigmund Freud ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Fact 40. Freud considered the distinction between manifest content and latent content essential for a. free association. b. dream analysis. c. resistance. d. transference. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Concept 41. The obvious part of a dream that is visible and remembered by the dreamer is referred to as the content. a. manifest b. lucid c. conscious core d. latent 11 ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Fact 42. The part of the dream that is hidden and symbolic and must be interpreted to be understood is called the content. a. manifest b. lucid c. archetypal d. latent ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 43. When utilizing dream analysis, Freud would interpret the dream symbols to uncover the true, but hidden, meaning of a dream found in its content. a. manifest b. lucid c. conscious d. latent ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Concept 44. According to Freud, the unconscious message of a dream is revealed by interpreting a. transference references. b. dream symbols. c. resistance figures. d. manifest meanings. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Concept 45. According to Freud, the images that have personal or emotional meanings within a dream were referred to as a. transference references. b. dream symbols. c. resistance figures. d. manifest meanings. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Fact 46. Raul remembers that he had a dream last night in which he was riding in his car when he flew out the window and up toward the clouds. These remembered parts of the dream are known as the content. 12 a. lucid b. transference c. manifest d. latent ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 47. In Raul’s dream, he flew out the window of his car and up into the clouds. Raul’s therapist interprets this dream to mean that Raul is feeling a strong need to be free “as a bird” rather than being tied down by his family and work responsibilities. This therapist’s interpretation of Raul’s dream is revealing which type of dream content? a. NREM b. lucid c. manifest d. latent ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 48. A young man dreams of pulling a pistol from his waistband and aiming at a target, while his wife watches. The pistol repeatedly fails to discharge, and the man’s wife laughs at him. According to Freud, these aspects of the dream that the patient tells the therapist constitute which type of dream content? a. transference b. lucid c. manifest d. latent ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Application 49. A young man dreams of pulling a pistol from his waistband and aiming at a target, while his wife watches. The pistol repeatedly fails to discharge, and the man’s wife laughs at him. A Freudian psychoanalyst might see the symbolic meaning of this dream to mean that the young man is suffering from repressed feelings of sexual impotence. This symbolic meaning of a dream is known as content. a. transference b. lucid c. manifest d. latent 13 ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Application 50. During free association or dream analysis, patients may avoid talking about certain subjects. This is called a. avoidance. b. transference. c. repression. d. resistance. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Fact 51. A patient stops talking about an idea during free association. Since this interrupted idea may reveal particularly important unconscious conflicts, psychoanalysts are taught to analyze this a. resistance. b. transference. c. covert sensitization. d. reciprocal inhibition. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Concept 52. When Marco was describing his dream, he stopped at one point, seemed a bit upset, and then told the therapist that he could not remember any more and said, “Besides, this dream analysis is really silly anyway.” Marco’s therapist will most likely pay careful attention to these thoughts that Marco was unwilling to discuss. This technique of psychoanalysis is known as a(n) a. analysis of transference. b. analysis of resistance. c. covert sensitization. d. reciprocal inhibition. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Application 53. Leonard becomes silent when his therapist asks him about his relationship with his mother. As the therapist continues to explore this area of Leonard’s life, Leonard either skips sessions or arrives late. In psychoanalytic terms, Leonard is exhibiting a. resistance. b. transference. c. covert sensitization. d. reciprocal inhibition. 14 ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Application 54. In psychoanalysis, resistance was thought by Freud to be important because it a. revealed important unconscious conflicts. b. indicated learned helplessness. c. aided in transference. d. helped to reveal the patient’s illogical thoughts and irrational beliefs. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Concept 55. In psychoanalysis, resistance should be regarded as a. indications of learned helplessness and dependence on the therapist. b. an indication of the confusion a patient feels due to his or her distorted logic. c. clues or a guide to a patient’s unconscious conflicts. d. roadblocks in therapy. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Concept 56. Isabelle acts as if her therapist is an important person from her past. By doing this, Isabelle will be able to re-experience her repressed emotions with her therapist helping her to recognize and understand these emotions. Freud called this process a. therapeutic attachment. b. reciprocal inhibition. c. systematic desensitization. d. transference. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Application 57. In psychoanalysis, an emotional attachment to the therapist that symbolically represents other important relationships in the patient’s life is an example of a. resistance. b. transference. c. identification. d. empathy. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Concept 58. Through transference, the patient re-experiences a. repressed emotions. b. conditions of worth. c. vicarious desensitization. d. selective perception. 15 ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Concept 59. Tim tries to argue with his therapist like he used to argue with his late father, who rejected and ridiculed him. Tim even tells the therapist, “You are just like him.” According to psychoanalytical theory, Tim is exhibiting a. reciprocal inhibition. b. a therapeutic attachment. c. transference. d. resistance. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Application 60. When transference occurs, effective therapists learn to a. avoid reacting as others do and playing the patient’s habitual “games.” b. reinforce this transference by playing the role of “the parent” to aid in recreating the patient’s feelings. c. punish this transference in order to eliminate it occurring again in the therapeutic session. d. ignore this transference and follow therapeutic guidelines. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.2 KEY: Concept 61. Traditional psychoanalysis can be objectively criticized as a. requiring large amounts of time and money. b. effective only in treating psychosis. c. being ineffective for a majority of its patients. d. placing too much responsibility on the client. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.3 KEY: Concept 62. Regarding a comparison of traditional psychoanalysis and the therapy used today, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Traditional psychoanalysis called for three to five therapy sessions a week with sessions today occurring only once or twice per week. b. Because of the huge amounts of time and money that traditional psychoanalysis requires, psychoanalysts have become relatively rare. c. Brief therapy appears to accelerate recovery because patients seem to realize that they need to get to the heart of their problems quickly. d. One example of a brief psychodynamic therapy used today is existential, or logotherapy. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.3 KEY: Fact 16 63. Regarding the psychodynamic therapy used today, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. More direct questioning is used today to reveal unconscious conflicts. b. Therapists today actively provoke emotional reactions, which lower defenses and provide insights. c. Today’s psychodynamic therapy requires more sessions per week over a longer time period than did traditional psychoanalysis. d. Today’s psychodynamic therapy has been shown to accelerate recovery. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy 64. Brief psychodynamic therapy is most closely related to which of the following? a. client-centered therapy b. Gestalt therapy c. psychoanalysis d. existential therapy ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.3 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 65. Many psychoanalysts have switched to brief psychodynamic therapy, which uses which of the following to reveal unconscious conflicts? a. reciprocal inhibition b. direct questioning c. aversion therapy d. psychodrama ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.3 KEY: Fact 66. An important outcome of brief dynamic therapy has been to a. increase the expense of psychoanalytic treatments. b. reduce the time required for therapy. c. provide a less intense emotional experience for the client. d. increase awareness of the benefits of traditional psychoanalysis. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.3 KEY: Concept 67. When contemporary psychodynamic therapists actively provoke emotional reactions, their patients tend to a. lower their defenses and gain insight. b. actively begin the process toward self-actualization. c. make courageous choices and find the meaning they have lost in their lives. d. become aware of their incongruence and strive toward becoming “whole.” ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.3 KEY: Concept REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.3 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 17 68. Which of the following is a brief psychodynamic therapy that was first developed to help people with depression by improving their relationships with others? a. interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) b. rational-emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) c. existential therapy d. Gestalt psychotherapy ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.3 KEY: Fact 69. Interpersonal therapy (IPT) is most closely related to therapy. a. client-centered b. Gestalt c. psychodynamic d. existential ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.3 KEY: Fact 70. Extensive empirical research has confirmed that interpersonal psychotherapy is effective in treating all of the following EXCEPT disorders. a. depressive b. eating disorders and substance abuse c. social phobias and personality d. delusional and dissociative ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.3 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 71. Which of the following is a brief psychodynamic therapy that has been shown through extensive empirical research to be effective in treating depressive disorders, social phobias, personality disorders, eating disorders, and substance abuse disorders? a. rational-emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) b. interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) c. extensive therapy d. Gestalt psychotherapy ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.3 KEY: Fact 72. Liona was suffering from a depression, which her therapist traced to a conflict with her parents and the different roles that she had to play within the family due to her father’s frequent absences. By working with Liona and helping her to clarify her family role, the therapist was able to help alleviate Liona’s depression and improve her relationships with family members. Liona’s therapist most likely uses which type of therapy? a. rational-emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) b. interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) c. existential therapy d. Gestalt psychotherapy 18 ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.3 KEY: Application 73. Research has shown which of the following statements to be TRUE? a. Research has shown that spontaneous remission was the main reason that traditional psychoanalysis worked with a majority of patients. b. Problems, such as hyperactivity and anxiety, require extensive treatment and do not improve because of a passage of time. c. Psychoanalysis has been shown to produce improvement in a majority of patients. d. Brief psychodynamic therapies, such as interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) have been shown to be effective with children and young adolescents, but not with adults. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.3 / 13.2.4 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 74. Regarding the effectiveness of psychoanalysis and the development of briefer therapies, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Research has shown that some problems, such as hyperactivity and anxiety do improve with the passage of time, even when not treated with therapy. b. Research has shown that psychoanalysis produces improvement in only a small minority of patients. c. Hans Eysenck suggested that psychoanalysis takes so long that patients experience a spontaneous remission of symptoms. d. Eysenck’s critique of therapy has encouraged psychologists to try new ideas and techniques. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.4 KEY: Fact 75. Brief psychodynamic therapy developed in part because some critics, such as Hans Eysenck suggested that traditional psychoanalysis takes so long that patients experience a. a relapse of their symptoms. b. reciprocal inhibition. c. a spontaneous remission. d. covert sensitization. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.4 KEY: Concept 76. The disappearance of symptoms of a disorder, such as hyperactivity or anxiety, due to the mere passage of time is called a. spontaneous remission. b. catharsis. c. active remediation. d. reverse psychology. 19 ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychoanalysis-The Talking Cure OBJ: 13.2.4 KEY: Fact 77. The goal of psychotherapy is to a. undo a person’s past so that these events will cease to cause emotional harm to the person. b. bring about positive changes in personality, behavior, or personal adjustment. c. treat mental disorders using psychiatric drugs and other physical approaches. d. help a person to develop ego defenses that can be used to resolve emotional conflicts. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.1 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 78. Which of the following is usually based on a dialogue between therapists and their clients, although learning principles can also be used to directly alter troublesome behaviors? a. psychotherapy b. meta-analysis c. pharmacotherapy d. somatic therapy ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.1 KEY: Fact MSC: * (New Question) 79. Gestalt therapy, client-centered therapy, psychoanalysis, and behavioral therapies are all forms of a. psychotherapy. b. meta-analysis. c. pharmacotherapy. d. somatic therapy. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.1 KEY: Concept 80. Psychotherapy includes all of the following EXCEPT a. the use of medical and other somatic approaches. b. verbal interactions between therapists and clients. c. the use of learning principles to directly alter troublesome behaviors. d. the use of different psychological concepts and methods with different clients. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.1 KEY: Concept 81. Psychotherapy, as it is most often used, implies the use of a. psychiatric drugs. b. somatic approaches. 20 c. verbal interactions. d. all of these. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.1 KEY: Concept 82. The goal of which type of therapy is to lead clients to a deeper understanding of the origins of their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors? a. directive b. nondirective c. action d. insight ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.2 KEY: Fact 83. Since psychoanalysis and the humanistic therapies seek to lead clients to a deeper understanding of their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, they would both be considered therapies. a. directive b. nondirective c. action d. insight ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.2 KEY: Concept 84. Dr. Gibbs believes that his clients will get better if they can gain a deeper understanding of their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. Dr. Gibbs most likely utilizes a(n) therapy. a. directive b. nondirective c. insight d. action ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.2 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 85. Which type of therapy is designed to bring about direct changes in troublesome thoughts and behavior, without seeking an understanding into the origins of these thoughts and behaviors? a. directive b. nondirective c. action d. insight ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.2 KEY: Fact 21 86. Since cognitive and behavioral therapies change troublesome thoughts and behaviors, respectively, without looking for the origins of these thoughts and behaviors, these therapies would be considered therapies. a. directive b. nondirective c. action d. insight ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.2 KEY: Concept 87. In the therapeutic approach known as reality therapy, clients sign contracts in which they agree to make constructive changes in their behavior and relationships. Therefore, reality therapy would best be described as a(n) therapy. a. action b. insight c. nondirective d. supportive ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.2 KEY: Application 88. Gaining understanding is to making direct changes as a. directive therapy is to nondirective therapy. b. action therapy is to insight therapy. c. nondirective therapy is to directive therapy. d. insight therapy is to action therapy. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.2 KEY: Concept 89. A therapist helps her clients by giving instructions, interpretations, or solutions to problems as well as helping them to make decisions. This therapist’s approach can be described as therapy. a. directive b. supportive c. nondirective d. time-limited ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.2 KEY: Application 22 90. Brian is a psychologist, who has his clients sign contracts and also gives them “homework,” which they must complete and then report the results of these actions to him at the next session. Brian’s type of therapy would best be described as therapy. a. supportive b. somatic c. insight d. directive ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.2 KEY: Application 91. In which type of therapy do the clients assume responsibility for solving their own problems, while the therapist assists, but does not guide or give advice? a. action b. nondirective c. directive d. somatic ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.2 KEY: Fact 92. Which form of therapy places responsibility for the course of therapy on the client? a. insight therapy b. action therapy c. directive therapy d. nondirective therapy ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.2 KEY: Concept 93. Elizabeth is a psychologist who facilitates her clients in discovering insight into their condition by providing a psychologically safe environment and by acting as a psychological “mirror” to reflect their thoughts and feelings. However, Elizabeth does not give advice or provide strong guidance during this process. Therefore, Elizabeth would be considered a(n) therapist. a. action b. somatic c. nondirective d. desensitization ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.2 KEY: Application 23 94. For the last year, Kim has been attending therapy sessions in which she spends 50 minutes talking with her psychologist regarding current issues in her life. Kim is taking part in therapy. a. biopsychological b. individual c. socioemotional d. time-restricted ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.3 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 95. A verbal interaction between a trained mental health professional and several clients at the same time is called a. meta-analysis. b. individual therapy. c. insight therapy. d. group therapy. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.3 KEY: Fact 96. Connie has signed up to participate in a divorce recovery group that will also include eight sessions of individual therapy. This individual therapy would best be described as therapy. a. time-limited b. insight c. action d. nondirective ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.3 KEY: Application 97. After the initial consultation regarding the client’s problems with his boss and coworkers, the psychotherapist tells the client that they will be meeting for no more than 10 sessions regarding his workplace difficulties. This type of therapy is referred to as therapy. a. time-limited b. action c. insight d. nondirective ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.3 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 24 98. After the initial consultation, a psychotherapist agrees to conduct marriage counseling with a couple. The psychotherapist tells the couple that the number of sessions will be determined by how much progress the couple makes each week toward the goals they have set and the homework exercises they complete. This type of therapy would be considered a. time-limited. b. open-ended. c. insight-oriented. d. nondirective. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.3 KEY: Application MSC: * (New Question) 99. Mr. Barlow is seeking a therapist to help him cope with his son’s drug abuse. He wants to see someone who will give him clear, direct advice about his problems and will help him accomplish goals in a few sessions. Mr. Barlow would probably be most satisfied with a(n) approach. a. time-limited, nondirective b. open-ended, insight c. nondirective, action d. time-limited, directive ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.3 KEY: Application 100. Regarding psychotherapy, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Therapy is not equally effective for all problems. b. For many people, the major benefit of psychotherapy is that it provides comfort, support, and a way to make constructive changes. c. Some therapies encourage personal growth for people who are functioning effectively. d. Therapy can provide most individuals with a complete personal transformation of the psyche. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.3 KEY: Concept MSC: * (New Question) 101. Psychotherapy is best viewed as a. the most effective way to undo the past in order to correct severe problems. b. a major overhaul of the psyche. c. a way to make constructive changes. d. applicable only to those with psychological problems. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate 25 REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.3 KEY: Concept 102. Which of the following is NOT considered a possible outcome of psychotherapy? a. providing comfort and support b. learning new coping skills c. promoting personal growth d. undoing a person’s past history ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.3 KEY: Concept 103. Which of the following is the most likely outcome for psychotherapy? a. a complete personal transformation b. a renewal of intellectual and creative abilities c. overcoming the effects of early psychologically damaging experiences d. learning skills to better cope with stress ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.3 KEY: Concept 104. Regarding psychotherapy, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Psychotherapy can be hard work for both clients and therapists. b. Chances for improvement through psychotherapy are fairly good for phobias, low self- esteem, and marital conflicts. c. Therapists in the positive psychology movement try to fix people’s weaknesses so that they can attain their personal goals. d. Even when problems are severe, psychotherapy may help a person gain a new perspective or learn behavior to better cope with life. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Psychotherapy-Let Me Count the Ways OBJ: 13.3.3 KEY: Concept 105. A therapy does not always have to be used to solve problems and crises; it can also be used to a. help people make use of their personal strengths and for personal growth. b. “fix weaknesses” that cause “roadblocks” in people’s lives. c. reduce the symptoms of long-standing personality disorders. d. “overhaul” the psyche and undo the past. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate