(Test Bank) Introduction to Criminal Justice

Rennison,Mary Dodge, 3

Criminology & Criminal Justice

Test Bank

3rd Edition

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Test Bank for Introduction to Criminal Justice, The downloadable file consists of 440 pages, and the total size of the file is 2.51 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Rennison, Mary Dodge

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Test Bank for Introduction to Criminal Justice, 3e Callie Marie Rennison, Mary Dodge (All Chapters ) Rennison, Introduction to Criminal Justice, 3e SAGE Publishing, 2020 Chapter 1: An Introduction to Crime and the Criminal Justice System Test Bank Multiple Choice 1. What are the three entities that comprise the criminal justice system? A. lawyers, police, and probation officers B. lawyers, courts, and police C. courts, probation officers, and lawyers D. courts, police, and corrections Ans: D TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and th e law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.1: List the three primary components of the criminal justice system. REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: What Is the Criminal Justice System? Difficulty Level: Easy 2. Why is the U .S. criminal justice system so large? A. The United States has a large population, and a large population of criminals. B. There are a lot of adults in the criminal justice system. C. There are a lot of minors and adults in the criminal justice system. D. There are a lot of laws that have a consequence of jail time if broken. Ans: C TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.1: List the three primary components of the criminal justice system. REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Size of the System Difficulty Level: Medium 3. Christopher was approved to leave prison by a panel of experts who deemed he was no longer a threat to the society. What is the condition of Christopher’s release called? A. parole B. probation C. work release D. recognizance Ans: A TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundatio ns of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. Rennison, Introduction to Criminal Justice, 3e SAGE Publishing, 2020 KEY: Learning Objective: 1.1: List the three primary components of the criminal justice system. REF: Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Common Misconceptions | The Difference Between Prison, Jail, Parole, and Probation Difficulty Level: Medium 4. For every White male who is imprisoned , how many Black males are imprisoned? A. 6 B. 8 C. 10 D. 12 Ans: A TOP: Learning Outcome : Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.1: List the three primary components of the criminal justice system. REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Gender, Race, and Hispanic Origin in the System Difficulty Level: Medium 5. Which statement accurately describes the distinction between probation and parole? A. Probation is when a person serves a partial sentence, and pa role is when a person serves a complete prison sentence. B. Probation is when a person spends time in jail, and parole is when a person serves time in prison. C. Probation is a suspended sentence allowing an individual to serve their sentence in a community, and parole releases convicts to serve the rest of their sentence in the community. D. Probation is for misdemeanors, and parole is for felonies. Ans: C TOP: L earning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.1: List the three primary components of the criminal justice system. REF: Cognitive Do main: Comprehension Answer Location: The Difference Between Prison, Jail, Parole, and Probation Difficulty Level: Medium 6. Which type of crime has the highest likelihood of capital punishment? A. Black on non -Black murder B. non-Black on Black murder C. Black on Black murder D. non-Black on non -Black murder Ans: A Rennison, Introduction to Criminal Justice, 3e SAGE Publishing, 2020 TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.1: List the three primary components of the criminal justice system. REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Gender, Race, and Hispanic Origin in the System Difficulty Level: Medium 7. Which type of policy helps politicians appear to be tough on crime? A. federal laws B. three -strikes law C. States’ Rights Prison Act D. proactive policing Ans: B TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.1: List the three primary components of the criminal justice system. REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Cost of the Criminal Justice System Difficulty Level: Medium 8. California was ordered by the federal government in 2009 to reduce the prison population. California voters passed Prop 47, which released certain offenders from prison. Which type of convictions were released under Prop 47? A. grand theft B. embezzlement C. nonviolent property and drug crimes D. nonviolent domestic battery Ans: C TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.1: List the three primary components of the criminal justice system. REF: Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: The Cost of the Criminal Justice System Difficulty Level: Hard 9. When does the criminal justice system process begin? A. when a crime is committed B. when law enforcement learns of a crime that was committed C. when an indictment is issued D. when a person is arrested Ans: B TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. Rennison, Introduction to Criminal Justice, 3e SAGE Publishing, 2020 KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Identify the paths on which a crime may be handled in the criminal justice system. REF: Cognitive D omain: Comprehension Answer Location: A Road Map Difficulty Level: Easy 10. Which term refers to when the prosecutor drops the charges during a case? A. nolle prosequi B. nolo contendere C. mallum in se D. mallum prohibitum Ans: A TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Identify the paths on which a crime may be handled in the criminal justice system. REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: A Road Map Difficulty Level: Easy 11. At trial , the lawyers show e vidence to prove or refute the claims. What does the judge do at trial? A. uphold the rights of the defend ant B. question jurors C. rule on legal issues D. determine the facts Ans: C TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Identify the paths on which a crime may be handled in the criminal justice system. REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: A Road Map Difficulty Level: Medium 12. Who are the trained professionals who work with victims of cri me in the criminal justice system? A. victim coach B. victim professional C. therapists D. victim advocates Ans: D TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Identify the paths on which a crime may be handled in the criminal justice system. Rennison, Introduction to Criminal Justice, 3e SAGE Publishing, 2020 REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Victim Difficulty Level: Easy 13. Which concept describes when a judge is willing to override precedent or other branches of government based upon conscience or changin g views? A. judicial activism B. judicial discretion C. judicial sentencing D. judicial opinion Ans: A TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Identify the paths on which a crime may be handled in the criminal justice system. REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Crime and the Importance of Personal Liberties Difficulty Level: Easy 14. How does the USA Freed om Act differ from the USA Patriot Act? A. The Freedom Act stopped enhanced interrogation techniques. B. The Patriot Act restricted immigration from terrorists supported countries. C. The Freedom Act limited the ability of the NSA to track phone data on citizens. D. The Patriot Act allowed the Executive Branch to monitor the progress of court cases on terrorism. Ans: C TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Identify the paths on which a crime may be handled in the criminal justice system. REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Crime and the I mportance of Personal Liberties Difficulty Level: Hard 15. Which U.S. President signed the USA Patriot Act into law? A. George H. W. Bush B. George W. Bush C. William J. Clinton D. Barak H. Obama Ans: B TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.2: Identify the paths on which a crime may be handled in the criminal justice system. REF: Cognitive D omain: Knowledge Answer Location: Crime and the Importance of Personal Liberties Rennison, Introduction to Criminal Justice, 3e SAGE Publishing, 2020 Difficulty Level: Easy 16. A criminal defendant was charged with theft. He did not plead guilty but accepted the punishment for the crime without admitting guilt. What did the defendant plea? A. nolo contendere B. nolle prosequi C. mallum in se D. mallum prohibitum Ans: A TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: L earning Objective: 1.2: Identify the paths on which a crime may be handled in the criminal justice system. REF: Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Crime and the Importance of Personal Liberties Difficulty Level: Medium 17. What is the most com mon definition of crime? A. breaking the law B. malicious intent C. hurting another person D. violating a social norm Ans: A TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Summarize why consensus for an exact definition of crime is difficult. REF: Cognitive Domain: Compr ehension Answer Location: What Is Crime? Difficulty Level: Easy 18. Murder, rape, and robbery are commonly categorized as which type of crime? A. personal B. victimless C. property D. street Ans: D TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Summarize why consensus for an exact definition of crime is difficult. REF: Cognitive Domain: Compr ehension Answer Location: Street Crimes Difficulty Level: Medium 19. What is the least common property crime? Rennison, Introduction to Criminal Justice, 3e SAGE Publishing, 2020 A. petty theft B. burglary C. auto theft D. grand theft Ans: C TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Summarize why consensus for an exact definition of crime is difficult. REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Property Crimes Difficulty Level: Medium 20. Legal and illegal immigrants are ______ in the incarcerated population while natives of the United States are ______. A. overrepresented; underrepresented B. underrepresented; overrepresented C. adaptive; maladaptive D. maladaptive; adaptive Ans: B TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Summarize why consensu s for an exact definition of crime is difficult. REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Criminal Offending and Illegal Immigration Difficulty Level: Hard 21. Who was the first person to recognize white -collar crime as a serious issue? A. Sutherland B. Friedrichs C. Locke D. Fitzgerald Ans: A TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Summarize why consens us for an exact definition of crime is difficult. REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: White -Collar Crimes Difficulty Level: Easy 22. Can white -collar crimes be considered victimless crimes? A. Yes, because the offender usually takes money th at is insured by the bank. B. Yes, because money is not a person and cannot be considered a victim . C. No, because there are no victimless crimes. Rennison, Introduction to Criminal Justice, 3e SAGE Publishing, 2020 D. No, because white -collar crimes harm individuals and the economy. Ans: D TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Sum marize why consensus for an exact definition of crime is difficult. REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: White -Collar Crimes Difficulty Level: Hard 23. In 2006 , Kenneth Lay, Enron CEO, was convicted on 10 charges of what? A. securities fraud B. embezzlement C. Ponzi schemes D. bank fraud Ans: A TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Summarize why consensus for an exact definition of crime is difficult. REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: White -Collar Crimes Difficulty Level: Medium 24. Which of the following is an example of cybercrime? A. libel B. illegal gambling C. stealing a computer D. identity theft via the Internet Ans: D TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Summarize why consensus for an exact definition of crime is difficult. REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Cybercrime Difficulty Level: Medium 25. Which example is a violent cybercrime? A. theft B. stalking C. selling stolen electronics D. violent crimes committed by Internet users Ans: B TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. Rennison, Introduction to Criminal Justice, 3e SAGE Publishing, 2020 KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Summarize why consensus for an exact definition of crime is difficult. REF: Cognitive Domain: comprehension. Answer Location: Cybercrime Difficulty Level: Easy 26. Who do terrorists target as victims? A. military personnel B. noncombatants/civilians C. state buildings D. other terrorist groups Ans: B TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundati ons of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Summarize why consensus for an exact definition of crime is difficult. REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Locatio n: Terrorism Difficulty Level: Medium 27. What was the stated motivation for the Oklahoma City Bombing in 1995? A. The domestic terrorists believed that the government was trying to steal their land. B. The domestic terrorists believed that the government was trying to restrict their rights to bear arms. C. The domestic terrorists believed that the government was tryi ng to invade their privacy. D. The domestic terrorists believed that the government was trying to allow too many illegals into the United States. Ans: B TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Summarize why consensus for an exact definition of crime is difficult. REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Terrorism Difficulty Level: Medium 28. What is the most pro minent international terrorist group in 2018? A. ISIS B. McVeigh C. FBI D. militia survivalists Ans: A TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. Rennison, Introduction to Criminal Justice, 3e SAGE Publishing, 2020 KEY: Learning Objective: 1.3: Summarize why consensus for an exact definition of crime is difficult. REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Terrorism Difficulty Level: Easy 29. What is the difference between mala in se and mala prohibita ? A. Mala in se is against the law and mala prohibita is immoral. B. Mala in se is immoral and mala prohibita is against the law. C. Mala in se is against the law and mala prohibita is against nature. D. Mala in se is immoral and mala prohibita is against natu re. Ans: B TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Explain why crime definitions may change over time. REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Crime Definitions Change Over Time Difficulty Level: Hard 30. By early 2018 , nine states had laws tha t allow the possession of small amounts of marijuana. These states did not legalize marijuana, but it is ______. A. Castle Doctrine B. justifiable C. decriminalized D. mala in se Ans: C TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Explain why crime definition s may change over time. REF: Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Crime Definitions Change Over Time Difficulty Level: Hard 31. What evidence is necessary for justifiable homicide? A. protecting property B. offender was fleeing the scene C. immediate threat to a human life D. physical altercation with police Ans: C TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the l aw. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Explain why crime definitions may change over time. REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Justifiable Homicide Difficulty Level: Medium Rennison, Introduction to Criminal Justice, 3e SAGE Publishing, 2020 32. Which statement accurately describes the duty to retreat? A. attempt to avoid conflict before engaging with the offender B. warn the suspect before using deadly force C. a suspect’s right to flee from law enforcement D. trespassing while perusing a suspect Ans: A TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Explain why crime definitions may change over time. REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Loc ation: Justifiable Homicide Difficulty Level: Medium 33. What is the Make My Day Law? A. when a pers on does not have to give a person the option to retreat B. when a person does not have to retreat if they are in their home C. when a person can use deadly force even death is immediate. D. when the police can use deadly force to protect property Ans: B TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Explain why crime definitions may change over time. REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Locatio n: Justifiable Homicide Difficulty Level: Easy 34. Historically, how was the criminal offense of adultery defined? A. sex between an unmarried couple B. any homosexual activity or sex outside of marriage C. sex between a married man and a person other than his wife D. sex between a married woman and a person other than her husband Ans: D TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Explain why crime definitions may change over time. REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Adultery Difficulty Level: Medium 35. What is the punishment for adultery in the U.S. military? A. court -martial B. dishonorable dis charge C. honorable discharge D. nonjudicial proceeding Ans: A Rennison, Introduction to Criminal Justice, 3e SAGE Publishing, 2020 TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Explain why crime definitions may change over time. REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Lo cation: Adultery Difficulty Level: Medium 36. What is the blood alcohol limit in the United States? A. 0.05% B. 0.15% C. 0.08% D. 0.12% Ans: C TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Explain why crime definitions may change over time. REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Driving Under the Influence Difficulty Level: Easy 37. In 2013 , what word did the FBI remove from the definition of rape? A. penetration B. forcibly C. married D. consent Ans: B TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the founda tions of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Explain why crime definitions may change over time. REF: Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Rape Difficulty Level: Hard 38. What is the function of rape shield laws? A. Defense attorneys do not get to find out the name of the victim until trial. B. Defense attorneys cannot cross examine a rape victim on past sexual behavior. C. Victims of rape are no t required to testify at trial. D. Information about the accused is kept confidential until convicted. Ans: B TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the l aw. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Explain why crime definitions may change over time. REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Rape Difficulty Level: Medium Rennison, Introduction to Criminal Justice, 3e SAGE Publishing, 2020 39. What is the legal meaning of sexual abuse? A. touching without consent B. sexual violence against children C. forcible penetration D. nonconsensual marital sex Ans: B TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Explain why crime definitions may change over time. REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Locatio n: Rape Difficulty Level: Easy 40. What is the meaning sexual assault? A. touching without consent B. sexual violence against children C. forcible penetration D. nonconsensual marital sex Ans: A TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of crimina l justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.4: Explain why crime definitions may change over time. REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Rape Difficulty Level: Easy 41. What theory holds the belief that if a punishment is weak , criminals won’t fear the punishment? A. recidivism theory B. crime control theory C. rehabilitation theory D. criminal punishment theory Ans: B TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.5: Review the five perspectives of the criminal justice system. REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Crime Control Difficulty Level: Medium 42. Crime control theory suggests that offenders are ______. A. greedy and impulsive B. morally corrupt and thrill seeking C. reckless and evil D. violent and impulsive Rennison, Introduction to Criminal Justice, 3e SAGE Publishing, 2020 Ans: A TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.5: Review the five perspectives of the criminal justice system. REF: Cognitive Domain: Compreh ension Answer Location: Crime Control Difficulty Level: Medium 43. What do recidivism rates suggest about the crime control theory? A. These tools work together to explain why criminals commit crimes. B. Low recidivism rates show that crime control polici es work. C. High recidivism rates show that crime control policies do not work. D. These tools explain why men commit more crimes than women. Ans: C TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typ ologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.5: Review the five perspectives of the criminal justice system. REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Crime Control Difficulty Level: Hard 44. Which statement is the central tenant of the rehabilitative perspective? A. Everyone can be rehabilitated. B. Rehabilitation options should be available to those who ask for it. C. People who know that rehabilitation is an option won’t commit crimes. D. People commit crime beca use of blocked opportunities. Ans: D TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law. KEY: Learning Objective: 1.5: Review the five perspectives of the crim inal justice system. REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Rehabilitation Difficulty Level: Medium 45 Where is due process found in the Constitution? A. Fourth and Fifth Amendments B. Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments C. Ninth and Thirteenth Amendments D. First and Eighth Amendments Ans: B TOP: Learning Outcome: Articulate the foundations of criminal justice, including definitions, theories, typologies, measurement issues, and the law.