(Test Bank) Child Development From Infancy To Adolescence An Active Learning Approach

Levine,Munch, 2

Psychology

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Author(s): Levine, Munch

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Test Bank for Child Development From Infancy to Adolescence, 2e Laura Levine, Joyce Munch (All Chapters ) Levine, Child Development From Infancy to Adolescence 2e SAGE Publishing, 2020 Test Bank CHAPTER 1: ISSUES AND THEMES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT Multiple Choice 1. The connection that Lewis Terman found between the characteristic of conscientiousness or social dependability in childhood and the reduced likelihood of an individual dying in any given year during adulthood can be partially explained by the ______. a. type of parenting style that the c hildren’s parents used b. fact that these children tended to come from smaller families c. children’s ability to delay gratification d. fact that these individuals were less likely to smoke and drink to excess Ans: D KEY: Learning Objective : 1.1: Who needs to have a good understanding of child development and why? REF: Cognitive Domain : Comprehension Answer Location: Understanding the Process of Development Difficulty Level: Easy 2. Teen parents are particularly able to benefit from intervention programs that provide information on child development because they ______. a. are more open and receptive to new ideas than older parents b. usually have larger families than older parents c. are less likely to know what to expect of children than older parents d. are more impressionable than older parents Ans: C KEY: Learning Objective : 1.1: Who needs to have a good understanding of child development and why? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Parents and Family Members Difficu lty Level: Easy 3. The physical, cognitive, and social -emotional domains of development ______. a. continually interact with each other so that development in one domain impacts and influences development in the other domains b. develop in ways that are l argely independent of each other c. are linked together in such a way that advances in one domain hold back development in other domains d. are so comingled that we cannot talk about development in the different domains separately. Ans: A Levine, Child Development From Infancy to Adolescence 2e SAGE Publishing, 2020 KEY: Learning Obj ective : 1.2: What are the domains of child development and some recurring issues in the field? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Domains of Development Difficulty Level: Medium 4. ______ includes the experiences we have and the learning th at occurs as we move through development. a. Nurture b. Nature c. Qualitative change d. Quantitative change Ans: A KEY: Learning Objective : 1.2: What are the domains of child development and some recurring issues in the field? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Nature and Nurture Difficulty Level: Easy 5. The quality of the caregiving that you received while growing up is an example of ______ and your potential ability to learn how to use language is an example of ______. a. nature; na ture b. nurture; nurture c. nature; nurture d. nurture; nature Ans: D KEY: Learning Objective : 1.2: What are the domains of child development and some recurring issues in the field? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Nature and Nurture Difficulty Level: Medium 6. The way that children can process information changes as they get older. This is a ______. a. quantitative change in development b. qualitative change in development c. accumulative change in development d. transactive change in dev elopment Ans: B KEY: Learning Objective : 1.2: What are the domains of child development and some recurring issues in the field? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Continuous Versus Discontinuous Development Difficulty Level: Easy 7. Which of the following is the best example of a qualitative change in development? Levine, Child Development From Infancy to Adolescence 2e SAGE Publishing, 2020 a. Children grow taller but also become heavier as they get older. b. Older children have larger vocabularies than younger children. c. Children can run faster and farther a s they get older. d. Adolescents become more systematic in the way they go about solving problems. Ans: D KEY: Learning Objective : 1.2: What are the domains of child development and some recurring issues in the field? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answe r Location: Continuous Versus Discontinuous Development Difficulty Level: Easy 8. Stage theories describe ______. a. qualitative changes b. long -term changes c. significant changes d. physiological changes Ans: A KEY: Learning Objective : 1.2: What are the domains of child development and some recurring issues in the field? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Continuous Versus Discontinuous Development Difficulty Level: Hard 9. Characteristics such as anxiety, shyness, and aggression tend to be ______. a. unstable over time, but often find the same form of expression b. stable over time, as reflected in the same expression of these traits c. stable over time, but how these characteristics are expressed changes d. unstable over time, and often takes different forms of expression Ans: C KEY: Learning Objective : 1.2: What are the domains of child development and some recurring issues in the field? REF: Cognitive Domain : Comprehension Answer Location: Stability Versus Change Difficulty Level: Easy 10. If we say that there is no one right way to raise a child, we are endorsing the principle of ______. a. multilinearity b. longitudinality c. equifinality d. constructivism Ans: C KEY: Learning Objective : 1.2: What are the domain s of child development and some recurring issues in the field? REF: Cognitive Domain : Comprehension Answer Location: Individual Differences Levine, Child Development From Infancy to Adolescence 2e SAGE Publishing, 2020 Difficulty Level: Easy 11. Among children who suffer early deprivation, we see a variety of developmental outcomes. Some children do quite well, but others are more negatively affected. This is the principle of ______. a. multifinality b. constructivism c. determinism d. functionality Ans: A KEY: Learning Objective : 1.2: What are the domains of child development and so me recurring issues in the field? REF: Cognitive Domain : Comprehension Answer Location: Individual Differences Difficulty Level: Medium 12. The field of developmental psychopathology ______. a. searches for the genetic cause of the problems we see in development b. sees behavioral and emotional disorders as distortions of normal development c. identifies the source of problem behavior in children’s early learning experiences d. focuses on the consequences of maladaptive behavior Ans: B KEY: Learning Ob jective : 1.2: What are the domains of child development and some recurring issues in the field? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Individual Differences Difficulty Level: Medium 13. When we consider how children’s characteristics, such as their age, gender, or ethnicity, impact on their development, we are ______. a. searching for universal patterns of behavior b. examining the resiliency that children bring to their development c. looking at how individual differences modify general patter ns of development d. identifying the predictable stages of development that children move through Ans: C KEY: Learning Objective : 1.2: What are the domains of child development and some recurring issues in the field? REF: Cognitive Domain : Comprehension Answer Location: Individual Differences Difficulty Level: Medium 14. The theory of behaviorism views the child as a(n) ______. a. active explorer of the environment who creates his or her own understanding of the world b. passive recipient of the attempts o f others to control the child’s behavior c. active participant in the process of producing his or her own development Levine, Child Development From Infancy to Adolescence 2e SAGE Publishing, 2020 d. force that actively shapes the behavior of the adults in the child’s life Ans: B KEY: Learning Objective : 1.2: What are the domains of child development and some recurring issues in the field? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: The Role of the Child in Development Difficulty Level: Easy 15. A child who is very active and enjoys the challenge of competing with ot hers will be more likely to join an athletic team at school than to join the chorus or the French Club. This is an example of ______. a. scaffolding b. cultural transmission c. multifinality d. active niche -picking Ans: D KEY: Learning Objective : 1.2: What are the domains of child development and some recurring issues in the field? REF: Cognitive Domain : Comprehension Answer Location: The Role of the Child in Development Difficulty Level: Medium 16. When we talk about the impact of culture or socioeconomic status on child development, we are looking at the ______ of development. a. contexts b. domains c. variables d. content Ans: A KEY: Learning Objective : 1.3: What are the contexts for child development? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Fa mily Difficulty Level: Easy 17. Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important context for development because it ______. a. is related to the amount of resources that a family has to support their children’s development b. allows us to easily classify the families that we study c. is a family characteristic that is stable and does not change over time d. has different meanings depending upon the culture in which it occurs Ans: A KEY: Learning Objective : 1.3: What are the contexts for child deve lopment? REF: Cognitive Domain : Comprehension Answer Location: Family Difficulty Level: Medium Levine, Child Development From Infancy to Adolescence 2e SAGE Publishing, 2020 18. Cross -cultural research ______. a. has shown that there is nothing in development that is truly universal b. finds that stage theories apply equally well in any culture that we study c. has shown that early development is very similar across cultures, but that later development shows great diversity d. finds both universal processes that apply across cultures as well as important cultural differences Ans: D KEY: Learning Objective : 1.3: What are the contexts for child development? REF: Cognitive Domain : Comprehension Answer Location: Culture Difficulty Level: Hard 19. One way to define a culture is to say that it is a way of describing ______ within one group of people and ______ between groups of people. a. similarities; similarities b. differences; differences c. differences; similarities d. similarities; differences Ans: D KEY: Learning Objective : 1.3: What are the contexts for child development? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Culture Difficulty Level: Hard 20. One explanation for why we see cultural differences in child rearing is that ______. a. not all cultures have as good an understanding of child development a s we have in Western countries b. many cultures do not place the same value on rearing children that we do c. the environmental context and values of a culture shape its goals for child rearing d. healthy physical development is the only universal goal of child rearing Ans: C KEY: Learning Objective : 1.3: What are the contexts for child development? REF: Cognitive Domain : Comprehension Answer Location: Culture Difficulty Level: Medium 21. The field of cultural neuroscience has found that ______. a. basic p hysiological processes, such as perception and bodily functions, are not affected by cultural experiences b. culture affects the development of the lower brain centers, but the higher cortical functions are not affected c. this is one aspect of development that is almost completely impervious to cultural influence Levine, Child Development From Infancy to Adolescence 2e SAGE Publishing, 2020 d. culture influences the way that our brains grow and change, even affecting how we perceive our environment Ans: D KEY: Learning Objective : 1.3: What are the contexts for child development? REF: Cognitive Domain : Comprehension Answer Location: Culture Difficulty Level: Hard 22. You can have confidence in information that you find in scientific journals because ______. a. all of the information is new b. a lot of people believe the information c. articles typically go through a peer review process before they are published d. the people who write scientific articles have university degrees Ans: C KEY: Learning Objective : 1.4: How can you be a smart consumer of information about devel opment? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Knowing Your Sources Difficulty Level: Easy 23. The importance of the peer review process is that ______. a. everyone has an equal chance of getting their research published in a journal b. the res earch has been reviewed by professionals who are knowledgeable about the topic before the research is published c. research findings are published in multiple journals so that the results are widely disseminated d. only well -established ideas will appear i n the research literature Ans: B KEY: Learning Objective : 1.4: How can you be a smart consumer of information about development? REF: Cognitive Domain : Comprehension Answer Location: Knowing Your Sources Difficulty Level: Medium 24. Because a science is a n organized body of knowledge ______. a. there must be consensus about the accuracy of new information before it can be added to that body of knowledge b. we should only trust new information that comes from people who have a great deal of experience in th e field c. all information that enters that body of knowledge must apply across the board to everyone d. it changes and grows over time as new and more accurate information is added to our understanding Ans: D Levine, Child Development From Infancy to Adolescence 2e SAGE Publishing, 2020 KEY: Learning Objective : 1.4: How can you be a smart consumer of information about development? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Becoming a Critical Thinker Difficulty Level: Medium 25. It is important that scientific findings can be replicated. This means that ______. a. other scie ntists must review the research and agree that it was correctly done and that the conclusions are warranted b. others have been able to repeat the research with the same or similar results c. the results have been published in a well -respected research jou rnal d. the conclusions can be generalized to a large group of people Ans: B KEY: Learning Objective : 1.4: How can you be a smart consumer of information about development? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Becoming a Critical Thinker Difficulty Level: Medium 26. We should not generalize the findings from a study to the general population unless ______. a. the research agrees with your personal experiences b. the findings apply to every individual who was in the study c. longitudinal resear ch has tracked the individuals over time d. the sample is representative of the group we want to understand Ans: D KEY: Learning Objective : 1.4: How can you be a smart consumer of information about development? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Guarding Against Generalizations Difficulty Level: Medium 27. We tend to notice things that we expect to see and to disregard things that we aren't expecting. This tendency is called ______. a. a generalization fallacy b. a perceptual bias c. niche picking d. sample bias Ans: B KEY: Learning Objective : 1.4: How can you be a smart consumer of information about development? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Avoiding Perceptual Bias Difficulty Level: Easy Levine, Child Development From Infancy to Adolescence 2e SAGE Publishing, 2020 28. Alfred notices that h is son, James, has grown another 3 inches this year. This is an example of a ______ change. a. quantitative b. qualitative c. equifinality d. socio -emotional Ans: A KEY: Learning Objective : 1.2: What are the domains of child development and some recurring issues in the field? REF: Cognitive Domain : Comprehension Answer Location: Continuous Versus Discontinuous Development Difficulty Level: Medium 29. Depression, while known to come from biological and genetic processes, can also result from early traumatic experiences. These different pathways leading to the same outcome is known as ______. a. nature b. nu rture c. multifinality d. equifinality Ans: D KEY: Learning Objective : 1.2: What are the domains of child development and some recurring issues in the field? REF: Cognitive Domain : Comprehension Answer Location: Individual Differences Difficulty Level: Medium 30. Andy comes from a family of competitive runners. When he entered middle school, he signed up for the track team as a distance runner. This ten dency to find an environment that is suited to his genetic tendency is known as ______. a. specific suiting b. naturing c. multifinality d. niche picking Ans: D KEY: Learning Objective : 1.2: What are the domains of child development and some recurring issu es in the field? REF: Cognitive Domain : Comprehension Answer Location: The Role of the Child in Development Difficulty Level: Hard 31. Families with a higher ______ have more resources that can support healthy child development. a. socioeconomic status b. amount of family time c. security Levine, Child Development From Infancy to Adolescence 2e SAGE Publishing, 2020 d. social connectedness Ans: A KEY: Learning Objective : 1.3: What are the contexts for child development? REF: Cognitive Domain : Comprehension Answer Location: Family Difficulty Level: Hard 32. Values such as supporting the family and acting in a way that is appropriate for those around you reflects ______. a. individualism b. collectivism c. unism d. scaffolding Ans: B KEY: Learning Objective : 1.3: What are the contexts for child development? REF: Cognitive Domain : Comprehension Answer Location: Culture Difficulty Level: Hard 33. A process in which professionals critique an article and make suggestions for improvement before publication is known as ______. a. article review b. journal review c. peer review d. resour ce orienting Ans: C KEY: Learning Objective : 1.4: How can you be a smart consumer of information about development? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Knowing Your Sources Difficulty Level: Medium 34. Research findings need to be replicated or produced again by others to ______. a. provide opportunities for future research b. enhance credibility with the research team c. gain confidence as to the accuracy and reliability of these findings d. ensure that the researcher is ethical Ans: C KEY: Learning Objective : 1.4: How can you be a smart consumer of information about development? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Becoming a Critical Thinker Difficulty Level: Hard 35. The positive youth movement ______. a. looks for ways to help all children reach their potential Levine, Child Development From Infancy to Adolescence 2e SAGE Publishing, 2020 b. focuses on uncontrollable aspects of a child’s development c. ignores the role of culture in one’s upbrin ging d. focuses on understanding the cause of problems in people’s lives Ans: A KEY: Learning Objective : 1.1: Who needs to have a good understanding of child development and why? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Positive Psychology Difficulty Level: Hard 36. Research that focuses on the optimal support for all children, not just at -risk childre n is probably from ______. a. scaffolding perspective b. negative youth development c. positive youth development d. individual psychology Ans: C KEY: Learning Objective : 1.1: Who needs to have a good understanding of child development and why? REF: Cogni tive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Positive Psychology Difficulty Level: Medium 37. A child who has a school system that results in a poor education and out -of-school activities suggests that the context of ______ is most likely at play. a. family b. community c. socioeconomic status d. culture Ans: B KEY: Learning Objective : 1.3: What are the contexts for child development? REF: Cognitive Domain : Comprehension Answer Location: Community Difficulty Level: Hard 38. Which of the following is not a context for child development? a. family b. culture c. community d. gender Ans: D KEY: Learning Objective : 1.3: What are the contexts for child development? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Community Difficulty Level: Medium Levine, Child Development From Infancy to Adolescence 2e SAGE Publishing, 2020 39. During pu berty, adolescents undergo dramatic physical changes, and these changes impact social development. This is an example of how ______. a. domains of development incrementally interact with each other b. domains of development continually interact with each o ther c. physical development integrates sensory and motor activities d. we think, understand, and reason about the world Ans: B KEY: Learning Objective : 1.2: What are the domains of child development and some recurring issues in the field? REF: Cognitive Domain : Application Answer Location: Domains of Development Difficulty Level: Medium 40. Cognitive development primarily includes ______. a. biological changes that occur in the body b. changes in the way we think, understand, and reason about the world c. the ways we learn to connect to other individuals d. the integration of sensory and motor activities Ans: B KEY: Learning Objective : 1.2: What are the domains of child development and some recurring issues in the field? REF: Cognitive D omain : Knowledge Answer Location: Domains of Development Difficulty Level: Medium 41. Epigenetics ______. a. neglects the role of nu rture b. has eliminated the role of gene expression c. has made us aware that it is both what genes you have, and what your genes are doing d. avoids the role of gene interaction with their environment Ans: C KEY: Learning Objective : 1.1: Who needs to have a good understanding of child development and why? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Nature and Nurture Difficulty Level: Medium 42. Cultural values are expressed ______. a. in overt and subtle behaviors b. in overt behaviors only c. in parenting practices d. in overt and subtle behaviors and in parenting practices Ans: D KEY: Learning Objective : 1.3: What are the contexts for child development? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Levine, Child Development From Infancy to Adolescence 2e SAGE Publishing, 2020 Answer Location: Cultural Competence and Grief Difficulty Level: Easy 43. What are reasons to study child development? a. to use information to improve the lives of children and adolescents b. to foster positive development c. to help people who work with children d. all of these Ans: D KEY: Learning Objective : 1.1: Who needs to have a good understanding of child development and why? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Locati on: Using our Knowledge of Child Development Difficulty Level: Easy 44. WIC stands for ______. a. Women and Children United b. Women and Integrated Nutrition c. Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children d. World Importance of Children Ans: C KEY: Learning Objective : 1.1: Who needs to have a good understanding of child development and why? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Policymakers Difficulty Level: Hard 45. Walter Gilliam found that ______. a. children have numerous behavioral problems b. mental health consultants may have a role in helping teachers handle behavioral problems c. consultation does not have an impact on child well -being d. nutrition supplements are important for learning Ans: B KEY: Learning Objective : 1.1: Who Needs to Have a Good Understanding of Child Development and Why? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Policymakers Difficulty Level: Hard 46. Research on WIC has found that ______. a. participation in the progr am is associated with reduced risk of low birth weight b. participation in the program is associated with reduced risk of premature birth c. participation in the program is rated as a burden to parents d. participation in the program is associated with red uced risk of low birth weight and premature birth Levine, Child Development From Infancy to Adolescence 2e SAGE Publishing, 2020 Ans: D KEY: Learning Objective : 1.1: Who Needs to Have a Good Understanding of Child Development and Why? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Policymakers Difficulty Level: Easy 47. Which of the following does not represent a broad category of development? a. middle childhood b. adolescence c. toddlerhood d. late infancy Ans: D KEY: Learning Objective : 1.2: What are the domains of child development and some recurring issues in the field? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Ages and Stages Difficulty Level: Hard 48. Toddlers (ages 1 –3) continue to ______. a. develop motor skills and explore their physical world b. establish strong emotional attachments to caregivers c. lay th e foundation for learning language d. show greater reliance on their caregivers Ans: A KEY: Learning Objective : 1.1: Who needs to have a good understanding of child development and why? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Ages and Stages Difficulty Level: Hard 49. Adolescence is delineated by ______. a. development of the ability to think in a more ordered and structured way b. the ability to develop a clearer sense of self c. the onset of puberty d. development of the ability to engage in pe rspective taking Ans: C KEY: Learning Objective : 1.1: Who needs to have a good understanding of child development and why? REF: Cognitive Domain : Knowledge Answer Location: Ages and Stages Difficulty Level: Hard 50. Samodol is a 21 -year-old male who goes to school. He does not work yet, and does not feel ready to start working, but is also independent from his family. This stage of transition refers to ______.