(Test Bank) Clinical Laboratory Hematology

Mckenzie,Williams, 3

Medicine

Test Bank

3rd Edition

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Test Bank for Clinical Laboratory Hematology, The downloadable file consists of 569 pages, and the total size of the file is 5.03 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Mckenzie, Williams

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McKenzie / Williams : Clinical Laborato ry Hematology, 3e © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 1: Introduction Multiple -Choice Questions Level I 1. Which two populations account for the greatest difference in reference intervals? a. Adults and 12 -year -olds b. Newborns and 12 -year -olds c. Newborns and adults d. Whites and blacks Correct answer: C (Objective 1) 2. What component of plasma assists in the transport of bilirubin? a. Enzymes b. Hydrogen c. Calcium d. Albumin Correct answer: D (Objective 3) 3. When bilirubin is increased above the reference range, what disease process should be suspected if liver diseas e is ruled out? a. Increased osmotic pressure b. Hormone imbalance c. Decreased albumin McKenzie / Williams : Clinical Laborato ry Hematology, 3e © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. d. Increased metabolism of hemoglobin Correct answer: D (Objective 3, 4) 4. Which of the following can explain a decrease in the number of circulating erythrocytes? a. Blood loss b. Infection c. Dehydration d. Neutropenia Correct answer: A (Objective 4) 5. Platelets and coagulation proteins are circulating components responsible for what process? a. Hemolysis b. Hemostasis c. Normal cell production d. Immune defense Correct answer: B (Objective 2) 6. The predominant blood leukocyte found in children is the: a. Monocyte b. Lymphocyte c. Neutrophil McKenzie / Williams : Clinical Laborato ry Hematology, 3e © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. d. Eosinophil Correct answer: B (Objective 1 ) 7. The cellular component of blood that is involved in hemostasis is: a. Leukocyte b. Erythrocyte c. Thrombocyte d. Hemoglobin Correct answer: C (Objective 2 ) 8. The protein found in erythrocytes that is responsible for oxygen transport is: a. Albumin b. Gamma globulin c. Oxygen protein d. Hemoglobin Correct answer: D (Objective 2 ) 9. Which of the following is not a cellular component of blood? a. Leukocyte McKenzie / Williams : Clinical Laborato ry Hematology, 3e © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. b. Platelets c. Erythrocyte d. Albumin Correct answer: D (Objective 3 ) 10. The liquid portion of blood is called: a. Bilirubin b. Plasma c. Whole blood d. Albumin Correct answer: B (Objective 3 ) 11. What percentage of the total blood volume is comp osed of formed elements? a. 55 b. 45 c. 100 d. 10 Correct answer: B McKenzie / Williams : Clinical Laborato ry Hematology, 3e © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. (Objective 3 ) 12. An abnormal test result is defined as: a. The opposite of a normal test result b. A value that is outside the reference interval for a particular analyte c. A value that is below the reference interval for multiple analytes d. A value that is above the reference interval for a single analyte Correct answer: B (Objective 4 ) 13. Which of the following is not a role of the clinical laboratory professional? a. Correlate lab results with appropriate disease states b. Correlate lab results with disease pathophysiology c. Correlate lab results with treatment d. Order reflex tests Correct answer: D (Obj ective 5 ) 14. Which of the following is a hematology screening test? a. Complete blood count (CBC) b. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT ) McKenzie / Williams : Clinical Laborato ry Hematology, 3e © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. c. Osmotic pressure d. Chloride concentration Correct answer: A (Objective 7) 15. Which of the followin g represents an event in the pre -examination phase of laboratory testing? a. Reporting of results b. Interpretation of laboratory data c. Performing a test procedure d. Labeling a blood collection tube Correct answer: D (Objective 8) Level II 1. Which of the following is an expected finding in a newborn ? a. WBC count = 2  109/L b. PLT count = 100  109/L c. Hemoglobin = 17.0 g/d L McKenzie / Williams : Clinical Laborato ry Hematology, 3e © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. d. RBC count = 3.50  109/L Correct answer: C (Objective 1 ) 2. Which of the following blood cell components wou ld be most influenced in a patient with an infection of the tonsils ( tonsillitis )? a. Leukocyte b. Erythrocyte c. Thrombocyte d. Hemoglobin Correct answer: A (Objective 2 ) 3. When decreased in concentration, w hich of the following formed elements could result in hypoxia ? a. Leukocytes b. Erythrocytes c. Platelets d. None of the above Correct answer: B (Objective 2 ) McKenzie / Williams : Clinical Laborato ry Hematology, 3e © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. 4. Which component of blood passes through blood vessel walls into surrounding tissues to defend the body against invading foreign antigens ? a. Red blood cells b. Platelets c. Leukocytes d. Gamma globulin Correct answer: C (Objective 2) 5. Which of the following blood constituents is associated with increased red blood cell destruction? a. Bilirubin b. Albumin c. Blood urea nitrogen d. Immunoglobulin Correct answer: A (Objective 4) 6. All of the following must be consider ed when establishing a reference interval for a group of individuals except : a. The geographic area b. Age of the population McKenzie / Williams : Clinical Laborato ry Hematology, 3e © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. c. Occupations of the population d. Sex of the population Correct answer: C (Objective 4 ) 7. Which of the following tests could be reflexed as the result of an abnormal prothrombin time ? a. Molecular analysis of clotting factors b. Complete blood count c. Measurement of a lbumin d. Hemoglobin analysis Correct answer: A (Objective 5) 8. Which of the following could be reflexed as the result of an abnormal RBC count ? a. Prothrombin time b. Blood urea nitrogen c. Reticulocyte count d. WBC count Correct answer: C (Objective 5) McKenzie / Williams : Clinical Laborato ry Hematology, 3e © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. 9. Patients who are unable to dissolve a fibrin blood clot are likely to present with which of the following pathologies? a. Anemia b. Bleeding c. Thrombosis c. Leukemia Correct answer: C (Objective 6) 10. An unlabeled blood collection tube is delivered to the hematology laboratory. The laboratory professional requests a redraw because an error in which phase of laboratory testing has occurred? a. Pre -examination b. Examination c. Post -examination d. Analytical Correct answer: A (Objective 8) McKenzie / Williams : Clinical Laborato ry Hematology, 3e © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. Short -Answer Questions 1. Explain how a reference interval is determined. Answer: A reference interval for a given geographical region is determined by calculating the mean for a group of “normal healthy” individuals. Conditions that must be considered include physiologic differen ces in a given population as well as the geographic area. Once the mean has been determined, a calculation to determine the standard deviation must be performed . The range is calculated by taking the mean and 2 standard deviations above and below the mean value. (Objective 1, Level II) 2. Name three blood analytes that show significantly different results in adults, children , and infants. Answer: Hemoglobin is higher in infants and children than in adults. WBC counts are higher in infants than in children a nd adults. Differential results are different in children (inverted ratio of lymphs: neutrophils) than in infants and adults. (Objective 1, Level I) 3. Explain how the hemostatic pathway is activated in times of need. Answer: Traumatic events to body tissu e stimulate the activation of repair mechanisms. As a result of both external and internal stimuli, the hemostatic pathway becomes activated in stages called primary and secondary hemostasis and f ibrinolysis . (Objective 4, Level II) 4. Give two reasons for t ransfusing leukoreduced, irradiated, packed red blood cells. McKenzie / Williams : Clinical Laborato ry Hematology, 3e © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. Answer: Reasons for transfusing leukoreduced packed red blood cells are to decrease the risk of febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions, to decrease the risk of HLA sensitization, and to decrease the risk of CMV transmission. Irradiation is used to reduce the risk of graft -versus -host disease. (Objective 3, Level II) 5. Explain how screening tests and reflexing testing are related. Answer: In an attempt to reach a cost-effective and efficient diagnosis, a physician’s investigation into a hematologic or hemostatic problem begins with screening tests . The results of these tests provide the clues to the diagnosis. Depending on the results of screening tests, more spe cific tests (reflex tests) can be ordered. The laboratory professional can aid the physician in choosing the appropriate reflex tests that will narrow the scope for the patient diagnosis. (Objectives 5 and 7, Level II) McKenzie / Williams: Clinical Laboratory Hematology, 3e © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2: Cellular Homeostasis Multiple -Choice Questions Level I 1. Protein synthesis occurs predominantly in the: a. Cell membrane b. Nucleus c. Lysosome d. Cytosol Correct answer: D (Objective 1) 2. The plasma membrane of blood cells is characterized by which of the following ? a. Carbohydrate components (glycolipids, glycoproteins) embed ded in the lipid bilayer b. The asymmetric distribution of the phospholipids c. The hydro philic ends of the phospholipids directed toward the inside of the li pid bilayer d. The absence of peripheral proteins Correct answer: B (Objective 2) 3. Which phospholipids are found predominantly in the outer layer of the lipid bilayer? a. Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine b. Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcho line c. Phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin McKenzie / Williams: Clinical Laboratory Hematology, 3e © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. d. Phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin Correct answer: D (Objective 2) 4. In which phase of the cell cycle is a cell quiescent ? a. The G1 phase b. The G0 phase c. The R phase d. The S phase Correct answer: B (Objective 3) 5. The point in the cell cycle after which cell division is complete but before the next round of DNA synthesis is: a. The G2 phase b. The G0 phase c. The G1 phase d. The R phase Correct answer: C (Objective 3) 6. In order to maintain ________, terminally differentiated blood cells must undergo _________. a. Cell cycle division; necrosis b. Tumor suppression; apoptosis c. Homeostasis; apoptosis d. Cell regeneration; necrosis McKenzie / Williams: Clinical Laboratory Hematology, 3e © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. Correct answer: C (Objective 5) 7. All of the following are initiators of apoptosis except: a. BCL -2 b. Caspases c. TNF -alpha d. Fas Ligand Correct answer: A (Objective 6) 8. Apoptosis play s a role in human development in all of the following except: a. Removal of interdigital webs of the hands and feet b. Formation of the blood vessels and the gastrointestinal tract c. Differentiation (divergence) of mast cells and basophils d. Selection of appropriate T and B lymphocyte clones Correct answer: C (Objective 5) 9. Which of the following is a mechanism of apoptosis in hematop oiesis ? a. Expansion of B cell clon al populations in response to infection b. Elimination of PMNs and eosinophils after an inflammatory response c. Production of RBC s in response to anemia d. Progression of acute leukemias Correct answer: B