(Test Bank) Cognitive Psychology In And Out Of The Laboratory

Galotti, 6

Psychology

Test Bank

6th Edition

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Test Bank for Cognitive Psychology In And Out Of The Laboratory, The downloadable file consists of 567 pages, and the total size of the file is 2.22 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Galotti

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Test Bank for Cognitive Psychology In and Out of the Laboratory, 6e Kathleen M. Galotti (All Chapters ) Instructor Resource Galotti, Cognitive Psychology: In and Out of the Laboratory, 6e SAGE Publishing, 2018 Chapter 1: Cognitive Psychology : History, Methods, and Paradigms Test Bank Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is NOT an example of a cognitive process ? a. attention b. perception c. reflex d. problem solving Ans: c Learning Objective: 1-1: Identify examples of cognitive activity that occur in everyday life Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Setting the Stage Difficulty Level: Easy 2. That guest star on your favorite television show looks familiar. You are sure that you have seen him before, but you are unable to think of his name. The fact that you know you have seen the face before, however, illustrates the cognitive process of ______. a. perception b. attention c. recognition d. problem solving Ans: c Learning Objective: 1-1: Identify examples of cognitive activity that occur in everyday life Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Setting the Stage Difficulty Level: Medium Instructor Resource Galotti, Cognitive Psychology: In and Out of the Laboratory, 6e SAGE Publishing, 2018 3. The earliest theories about cognitive abilities date back to ______. a. Aristotle and Plato b. John Locke c. Sigmund Freud d. Williams James Ans: a Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the various schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Influe nces on the Study of Cognition Difficulty Level: Easy 4. All of the following statements are central to empiricism EXCEPT ______. a. Knowledge comes from an individual’s experience. b. Learning takes place through the mental association of two ideas. c. Environment plays a powerful role in determining intellectual ability. d. Important structures of the human mind are present at birth. Ans: d Learning Objective: 1 -2: Describe the various schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Influences on the Study of Cognition Difficulty Level: Easy 5. The philosopher John Locke was a strong believer in ______, which rests on the assumption that knowledge comes from an individual’s own experience. a. nativism b. empiricism Instructor Resource Galotti, Cognitive Psychology: In and Out of the Laboratory, 6e SAGE Publishing, 2018 c. behaviorism d. structuralism Ans: b Learning Objective: 1 -2: Describe the various schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Influences on the Study of Cognition Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy 6. The belief that most of our abilities and tendencies are with us from birth is known as ______. a. nativism b. empiricism c. associationism d. behaviorism Ans: a Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the various schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Influences on the Study of Cogn ition Difficulty Level: Easy 7. ______ emphasizes the role of constitutional factors over the role of learning in the a cquisition of abilities and tendencies. a. Behaviorism b. Empiricism c. Nativism d. Functionalism Ans: c Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the various schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Instructor Resource Galotti, Cognitive Psychology: In and Out of the Laboratory, 6e SAGE Publishing, 2018 Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Influences on the Study of Cogn ition Difficulty Level: Medium 8. Historians date the founding of scientific psychology to the 1879 laboratory of ______. a. Williams James b. Wilhelm Wundt c. Edward Titchener d. Edward Thorndike Ans: b Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the various schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Structuralism Difficulty Level: Easy 9. A traditional “s chool” within psychology that had as its goal the identification of the simp lest possible units of the mind is ______. a. functionalism b. structuralism c. behaviorism d. the Gestalt school Ans: b Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the various schools of ps ychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Structuralism Difficulty Level: Easy Instructor Resource Galotti, Cognitive Psychology: In and Out of the Laboratory, 6e SAGE Publishing, 2018 10. Which of the following is NOT one of the four properties that Wundt proposed as the basis for any conscious tho ught or idea? a. mode b. quantity c. intensity d. duration Ans: b Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the various schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Structuralism Difficulty Level: Medium 11. Wilhelm Wundt and his students used a technique known as ______ to study mental states. a. behaviorism b. intensity measurement c. componentialism d. introspection Ans: d Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the var ious schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Structuralism Difficulty Level: Easy 12. A traditional “school” within psychology that emphasized the adaptation of the organism to its environment and focused on questions such as what role a particular system served for an organism is called ______. a. functionalism Instructor Resource Galotti, Cognitive Psychology: In and Out of the Laboratory, 6e SAGE Publishing, 2018 b. structuralism c. behaviorism d. connectionism Ans: a Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the various schools of psycholo gy as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Functionalism Difficulty Level: Medium 13. The school of psychology known as functionalism, which emphasized the purposes of the mind’s operations, was founded by ______. a. Wilhelm Wundt b. John Watson c. William James d. Edward Titchener Ans: c Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the various schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Functionalism Difficulty Level: Easy 14. One difference between functionalism and structuralism was that ______. a. functionalists emphasized laboratory experimentation more than structuralists b. functionalists wanted to study whole organisms in real -life tasks c. structuralists were more interested in habit formation d. functionalists wanted to study only observable behaviors Ans: b Instructor Resource Galotti, Cognitive Psychology: In and Out of the Laboratory, 6e SAGE Publishing, 2018 Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the various schools of psychology as their history relates to cognit ive psychology Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Influences on the Study of Cognition Difficulty Level: Hard 15. Which “school” of psychology emphasized objectivity of research methods and measurement? a. connectionism b. functionalism c. struct uralism d. behaviorism Ans: d Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the various schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Behaviorism Difficulty Level: Medium 16. Which of the following is true regarding Watson’s behaviorism? a. It is sometimes regarded as a branch of structuralism. b. It relies heavily on the technique of introspection. c. It rejected references to unobservable mental states such as consciousness. d. It had a l arge positive impact on the development of cognitive psychology. Ans: c Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the various schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Behaviorism Instructor Resource Galotti, Cognitive Psychology: In and Out of the Laboratory, 6e SAGE Publishing, 2018 Diffic ulty Level: Medium 17. Skinner objected to hypothesizing the existence of ______ , which he took to be internal copies of external stimuli. a. reinforcers b. instincts c. motivators d. mental representations Ans: d Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the var ious schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Behaviorism Difficulty Level: Medium 18. Even rats have goals and expectations and can form mental representations of mazes, according to ______. a. Watson b. Skinner c. Tolman d. Galton Ans: c Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the various schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Behaviorism Difficulty Level: Easy 19. Which of the following is a central tenet of the Gestalt school of psychology? Instructor Resource Galotti, Cognitive Psychology: In and Out of the Laboratory, 6e SAGE Publishing, 2018 a. The goal of psychology is to break down and identify the simplest menta l elements that make up conscious experience. b. The most important function of the mind is to allow the individual to adapt to his or her environment. c. Psychological phenomena cannot be reduced to simple elements, but must be studied in their entirety. d. The intellectual structures of a child differ qualitatively from those of a mature adult. Ans: c Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the various schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Gestalt Psychology Difficulty Level: Medium 20. The belief that psychological phenomena cannot be reduced to simple elements but must be studied in their entirety is central to the school known as ______. a. structuralism b. Gestalt psychology c. behaviorism d. connectionism Ans: b Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the various schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Gestalt Psychology Difficulty Level: Medium 21. The invention of which of the following might be most closely associated with the cognitive revolution? Instructor Resource Galotti, Cognitive Psychology: In and Out of the Laboratory, 6e SAGE Publishing, 2018 a. lightbulb b. telephone c. computer d. satellite Ans: c Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the various schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The “Cognitive Revolution” and the Birth of Cognitive Science Difficulty Level: Medium 22. Gestalt psychologists would likely say that members of other cognitive schools of thinking _____ _. a. offered incomplete accounts of psychological processes b. ignored individuals’ personal cognitive experience c. should focus more on how the mind imposes order on the outside world d. all of the se Ans: d Learn ing Objective: 1-2: Describe the various schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Gestalt Psychology Difficulty Level: Medium 23. Which of the following is NOT associated with the work of Francis Galton? a. the inheritability of intellectual abilities b. the development of cognitive ability from childhood through old age c. the measurement of individual differences d. the study of mental imagery Instructor Resource Galotti, Cognitive Psychology: In and Out of the Laboratory, 6e SAGE Publishing, 2018 Ans: b Learning O bjective: 1-2: Describe the various schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Study of Individual Differences Difficulty Level: Medium 24. Which of the following was NOT instrumental in producing the “cognitive revolution”? a. attempts to create an artificial intelligence b. Noam Chomsky’s work in the field of linguistics c. the development of the computer d. B. F. Skinner’s development of the Skinner box Ans: d Learning O bjective: 1-2: Describe the various schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The “Cognitive Revolution” and the Birth of Cognitive Science Difficulty Level: Medium 25. The ____ __ was a rejection of the prevailing assumption that mental events were beyond the realm of scientific study. a. cognitive revolution b. behaviorist rebellion c. human factors movement d. psychodynamic theory Ans: a Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the various schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Instructor Resource Galotti, Cognitive Psychology: In and Out of the Laboratory, 6e SAGE Publishing, 2018 Answer Location: The “Cognitive Revolution” and the Birth of Cognitive Science Difficulty Level: Easy 26. Noam Chomsky believed all of the following EXCEPT ______. a. Children learn grammar through the reinforcement and punishment of their utterances by parents and other adults. b. An implicit system of rules underlies our language abilities. c. Generative rules allow speakers to construc t all “legal” grammatical sentences in their language. d. People routinely process enormously complex information. Ans: a Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the various schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The “Cognitive Revolution” and the Birth of Cognitive Science Difficulty Level: Easy 27. Noam Chomsky revolutionized the field of ______ and showed how behaviorism could not adequately explain language. a. neuroscience b. computer science c. human factors d. linguistics Ans: d Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the various schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The “Cognitive Revolut ion” and the Birth of Cognitive Science Difficulty Level: Easy Instructor Resource Galotti, Cognitive Psychology: In and Out of the Laboratory, 6e SAGE Publishing, 2018 28. The field of ______ developed during World War II to study such practical questions as how to design aircraft that were safer for human beings to operate. a. psycholinguistics b. human factors engineering c. Gestalt psychology d. structural modeling Ans: b Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the various schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Locat ion: The “Cognitive Revolution” and the Birth of Cognitive Science Difficulty Level: Easy 29. The term “limited capacity processors” suggests that ______. a. computers have limited memory storage b. human beings can only do so many things at once c. neuro ns can only fire at a certain rate d. processing in the brain occurs in parallel Ans: b Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the various schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The “Cognitive Revolution” and the Birth of Cognitive Science Difficulty Level: Medium 30. The term ______ refers to the claim that neural structures supporting a particular cognitive process reside in a particular brain region. a. limited capacity processo rs Instructor Resource Galotti, Cognitive Psychology: In and Out of the Laboratory, 6e SAGE Publishing, 2018 b. synaptic transmission c. brain plasticity d. localization of function Ans: d Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the various schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The “Cognitive Revolution” and the Birth of Cognitive Science Difficulty Level: Easy 31. Gardner believed that cognitive theories must focus on events “between input and output” — in other words, that cognition must be analyzed at the level of ______. a. behavior b. representation c. neurons d. culture Ans: b Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the various schools of psychology as their history relates to cognitive psychology Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The “Cognitive Revolution” and the Birth of Cognitive Science Difficulty Level: Medium 32. The interdisciplinary field of cognitive science brings together all of the following fields EXCEPT ______. a. philosophy b. linguistics c. computer science d. psychoan alysis