(Test Bank) Psychological Science

Gazzaniga, 6

Psychology

Test Bank

6th Edition

• $15.00 $50.00

---

Description

Test Bank for Psychological Science, The downloadable file consists of 637 pages, and the total size of the file is 4.85 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Gazzaniga

---

---

Study Note Preview

TEST BANK PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 6TH EDITION BY MICHAEL S. GAZZANIGA Chapter 01 : The Science of Psychology LEARNING OBJECTIVES What Is Psychological Science? 1. Define psychological science. 2. Define critical thinking, and describe what it means to be a critical thinker. 3. Identify major biases in thinking, and explain why these biases result in faulty thinking. What Are the Scientific Foundations of Psychology? 1. Trace the development of psychology since its formal inception in 1879. 2. Define the nature/nurture debate and the mind/ body problem. 3. Identify the major schools of thought that have characterized the history of experimental psychology. What Are the Latest Developments in Psychology? 1. Identify recent developments in psychological science. 2. Distinguish between subfields of psychology. 1 2 | Chapter 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is the best definition of psychological science ? a. the study of the brain and its function b. the study of the mind, the brain, and thought processes c. the study of the mind, the brain, and behavior d. the study of the mind, the psyche, and behavior ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Is the Study of Mind, Brain, and Behavior OBJ: 1.A1 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 2. Psychological science is the study of a. the mind. b. the brain. c. behavior. d. All of the answer options are correct. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Is the Study of Mind, Brain, and Behavior OBJ: 1.A1 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 3. The relationship between the actions of neurons and a thought is an example of the connection between a. the brain and the mind. c. genes and the mind. b. nature and nurture. d. the brain and emotion. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Is the Study of Mind, Brain, and Behavior OBJ: 1.A1 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Applying 4. Based on the textbook‘s definition of psychology , which statement best reflects the relationship between the mind and the brain? a. The brain is the same thing as the mind. b. The brain influences the mind. c. The brain is unrelated to the mind. d. The brain reflects the mind. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.A What Is Psychological Science? OBJ: 1.A1 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Applying The Science of Psychology | 3 5. Barry and Candace are disagreeing. Barry states that psychology is the study of the mind. Candace believes instead that psychology is the science of behavior. Given your knowledge of psychology, how would you resolve this argument? a. Barry is correct. Psychology only studies the mind. b. Candace is correct. Psychology only studies behavior. c. Both are correct. Psychology studies both the mind and behavior. d. Both are incorrect. Psychology only studies emotions. ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.A What Is Psychological Science? OBJ: 1.A1 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding 6. Allanah is a psychology major. Which of the following best describes what Allanah will learn about? a. the structure and function of the brain b. mental disorders and their treatments c. feelings and other subjective states d. the mind, the brain, and behavior ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Is the Study of Mind, Brain, and Behavior OBJ: 1.A1 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding 7. For much of its history, psychologists focused mostly on a. the brain. c. behaviors. b. disorders. d. the mind. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Is the Study of Mind, Brain, and Behavior OBJ: 1.A1 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 8. Which of the following is an example of a psychologist who is studying the mind? a. Dr. Chu, who studies how weather influences children‘s actions on the playground b. Dr. Well, who studies neural activity during sleep cycles of elderly adults c. Dr. Mann, who studies the accuracy of traumatic memories over time d. Dr. East, who studies the facial expressions of relationship partners during a fight ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Is the Study of Mind, Brain, and Behavior OBJ: 1.A1 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Applying 4 | Chapter 1 9. Which of the following is an example of a psychologist who is studying the brain? a. Dr. Fields, who studies the purchasing habits of impulsive individuals b. Dr. Joe, who studies how neural activity changes as newborn babies develop c. Dr. Perez, who studies how our feelings can influence our thought processes d. Dr. Ladd, who studies the training activities of professional athletes ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Is the Study of Mind, Brain, and Behavior OBJ: 1.A1 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Applying 10. Which of the following is an example of a psychologist who is studying behavior? a. Dr. Wick, who studies how certain smells can trigger certain feelings b. Dr. Woods, who studies patterns of neural activity related to drug use c. Dr. Paul, who studies the thought processes involved in decision making d. Dr. Hull, who studies the facial expressions of relationship partners during a fight ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Is the Study of Mind, Brain, and Behavior OBJ: 1.A1 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Applying 11. According to the text, amiable skepticism is an important element in a type of reasoning called a. scholarly inquiry. c. analytic argumentation. b. naysayerism. d. critical thinking. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.A2 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 12. Which of the following is a characteristic of a good consumer of scientific research? a. open to new ideas b. carefully considers the facts c. wary of scientific findings d. All of the answer options are correct. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.A2 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinkin g MSC: Remembering The Science of Psychology | 5 13. Critical thinking is best defined as thinking that a. is systematic and reasonable. b. is open -minded and creative. c. criticizes others‘ opinions. d. uses inferences but does not solve problems. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.A2 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 14. Which of the following is an example of using BOTH critical thinking and scientific reasoning? a. believing that sugar causes ADHD because you feel hyper after eating a candy bar b. concluding that listening to Mozart improves learning in children after reading an article about this topic in a popular magazine c. using a personal example to show how a psychological principle must be wrong d. conducting research to investigate the effectiveness of left brain/right brain games in improving memory ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.A2 NAT : APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 15. Why is critical thinking important in evaluating psychological research? a. Researchers deliberately lie about their research findings. b. There could be significant limitations to the research findings. c. Research findings are rarely influenced by political and personal agendas. d. There is always a single clear explanation, and the researchers may not have found it. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.2 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.A2 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 16. Which of the following is an important goal of your psychology textbook? a. to teach you how to be a therapist by using methods of psychology b. to provide you with an education about the methods of psychological science c. to help you define normal versus abnormal behavior so you can recognize mental illness d. to help you predict how people will interact in novel situations ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.A2 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 6 | Chapter 1 17. The difference between using critical thinking explanations and everyday explanations for psychological phenomena is that a. critical thinking relies on evidence and scientific support for making conclusions. b. everyday explanations rely on evidence and scientific support for making conclusions. c. critical thinking relies on personal examples more than scientific evidence for making conclusions. d. everyday explanations rely on personal examples and scientific evidence for making conclusions. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.A2 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 18. Taj is writing a paper on global warming. He only includes research findings that support his own beliefs about global warming because he thinks that all the contradictory findings must be the result of flawed research. This is an example of a. misunderstanding or not using statistics. b. hindsight bias. c. seeing relationships that do not exist. d. confirmation bias. ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 19. Suppose you are asked to write a newspaper article on a controversial political topic and you want to make sure you are not influenced by the confirmation bias. Which of the following should you do in order to avoid this bias? a. Focus mainly on evidence that you find on your favorite news Web site. b. Place equal importance on evidence that supports and contradicts your own beliefs. c. Focus mainly on evidence that supports your own beliefs, since it is the most accurate research. d. Place equal importance on evidence you find online and in textbooks. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying The Science of Psychology | 7 20. Which of the following is one factor that contributes to the confirmation bias? a. selective emotionality, which is the tendency to better remember information that is negative b. selective emotionality, which is the tendency to better remember information that is positive c. selective memory, which is the tendency to better remember information that supports our existing beliefs d. selective memory, which is the tendency to better remember information that goes against our existing beliefs ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Understanding 21. Juan is in the market for a new toaster. Which of the following is an example of confirmation bias? a. Juan reads reviews of his favorite brand of toaster on the company‘s Web site. b. Juan reads reviews of all the toasters available on Amazon.com within his price range. c. Juan buys a toaster based on its color, rather than functionality. d. Juan buys a toaster, and then writes a positive review for it online. ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 22. A patient begins taking a new heart medication. On the day of the first dose, the patient comes in contact with a sick coworker. The patient calls his doctor the next day to complain of flu -like symptoms as a side effect of the new medication. This is an example of a. taking mental shortcuts. b. the hindsight bias. c. seeing relationships that do not exist. d. the confirmation bias. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 8 | Chapter 1 23. Which of the following best explains why errors and biases occur in our thinking processes? a. People are mentally lazy. b. People generally ignore events that happen around them. c. The human brain is highly efficient at finding patterns between things. d. The human brain is highly efficient at processing multiple streams of information. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA G oal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 24. Which of the following is one of the major biases in thinking described in the text? a. misunderstanding or not using statistics b. seeing relationships that do not exist c. judging a book by its cover d. ignoring other people‘s perspectives ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 25. Which of the following is an example of the ―seeing relationships that do not exist‖ bias in thinking described in the text? a. Abby thinks she is an above -average dancer, an above -average singer, and an above -average student, even though everyone else thinks she is just average. b. Tony underestimates the likelihood of bicycle accidents because he cannot easily recall one that happened recently. c. Tim thinks that he must eat pizza right before class if he wants to do well on his exam. d. Ziva‘s favorite basketball team loses a game; afterward, she explains that it was because they had so many injuries this season. ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Know ledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying The Science of Psychology | 9 26. Which of the following is an example of the hindsight bias as described in the text? a. Matt explains that he studied the wrong material after he received a bad grade on the test. b. Meredith overestimates the likelihood of airplane accidents because she can easily recall one that happened recently. c. Michael thinks that he must wear his lucky gym shorts in order to win the game. d. John believes that a coin that has landed on heads three times in a row is more likely to be heads the next time it is flipped. ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 27. Which of the following is an example of the ―taking mental shortcuts‖ bias in thinking described in the text? a. Jack thinks he got an A on his essay because he is a great writer, but he thinks he got a D on his communications project because the instructions were too confusing. b. Rose overestimates how often cruise ships sink because she can vividly remember the sinking of the Titanic. c. Wade believes that he will be funnier on stage if he eats chicken nuggets before he performs. d. Michael thinks that he must wear his lucky gym shorts in order to win the game. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inac curate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 28. Which of the following is a correct explanation for why the hindsight bias exists? a. Once we know the outcome, we pretend we knew it was going to happen in order to make ourselves feel better. b. Once we know the outcome, we reinterpret old evidence to make sense of that outcome. c. Before we know the outcome, we ignore evidence that contradicts what we believe. d. Before we know the outcome, we have too much evidence to consider to make an accurate prediction. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Understanding 10 | Chapter 1 29. On his way to the basketball game, Tom says he cannot predict who will win. After his team wins the game, however, Tom say s he knew they were going to win because their defense always plays well together. This is an example of a. taking mental shortcuts. c. the self-serving bias. b. the hindsight bias. d. the confirmation bias. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 30. Which of the following is a benefit of using heuristic s and mental shortcuts? a. They can lead to reasonably good decisions without too much effort. b. They can lead to better decisions compared to effortful decision -making strategies. c. They can lead to poor decisions but are very easy to use. d. They can lead to poor decisions, but we outgrow them as we get older. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Understanding 31. Isaac is trying to decide how often shark attacks happen. He quickly remembers the many shows about shark attacks that he saw on television last week, so he decides that they must be common. Isaac‘s overestimation of the rate of shark attacks is an example of a. the hindsight bias. c. the self-serving bias. b. taking mental shortcuts. d. seeing patterns that do not exist. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.3 Psychological Science Helps Us Understand Biased or Inaccurate Thinking OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 32. A recent survey found that 80 percent of high school students believed that they were above average on reading, writing, and math skills. Given that only 50 percent of any group can be above average on any dimension, this is an example of a. hindsight bias. c. confirmation bias. b. difficulty recognizing weaknesses. d. egocentric thinking. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.4 Think like a Psychologist: Why Are People Unaware of Their Weaknesses? OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying The Science of Psychology | 11 33. When Brent wins his track race, he says he won because of his athletic skills and hard work. When Brent loses his next race, however, he says he lost because the track was slippery and he lost his balance. This is an example of a. egocentric bias. c. blaming internal forces for failures. b. hindsight bias. d. blaming external forces for failures. ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.4 Think like a Psychologist: Why Are People Unaware of Their Weaknesses? OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 34. Kaley has a big presentation at work. Afterward, her boss tells her she did a terrible job and immediately fires her. Given what you know about how people tend to process their own failures, how will Kaley explain this situation? a. She did poorly on this presentation because she is stupid. b. She did poorly on this presentation because the topic was confusing and her boss did not give her enough time to complete it. c. She did well on this presentation because she is a good public speaker and she is smart. d. She did well on this presentation because it was easy and her boss did most of the work. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.4 Think like a Psychologist: Why Are People Unaware of Their Weaknesses? OBJ: 1.A3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 35. According to the text, the ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius emphasized which of the following psychological topics? a. statistical reasoning c. intelligence b. interpersonal relations d. mental illness ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.B What Are the Scientific Foundations of Psychology? OBJ: 1.B1 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Analyzing 36. Yuko remarks that she is interested in child development and educational psychology. Based on your text‘s discussion, Yuko‘s interests echo the a. emphases of Confucius. c. thoughts of Greek scholars. b. writings of da Vinci. d. writings of early Muslim thinkers. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.B What Are the Scientific Foundations of Psychology? OBJ: 1.B1 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding 12 | Chapter 1 37. Psychology developed into a discipline in a. ancient China. b. nineteenth -century Europe. c. Classical Greece. d. colonial America, in the eighteenth century. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.6 Experimental Psychology Initially Focused on the Structure, Not the Function, of Mental Activity OBJ: 1.B1 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 38. According to your text, the nature/nurture debate originated during the time period of the a. Chinese philosopher Confucius. b. ancient Egyptians. c. Greek philosophers, such as Plato and Aristotle. d. Renaissance philosopher René Descartes. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.5 Many Psychological Questions Have a Long History OBJ: 1.B2 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 39. The nature in the nature/nurture debate refers to factors affecting human psychological development. a. either biological or behavioral c. either biological or environmental b. either behavioral or environmental d. either formal or natural ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.5 Many Psychological Questions Have a Long History OBJ: 1.B2 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 40. According to the nature/nurture debate, the nature view states that individual psychological characteristics are a result of a. education. c. experiences. b. biological influences. d. culture. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.5 Many Psychological Questions Have a Long History OBJ: 1.B2 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 41. With respect to the nature/nurture debate, psychological scientists now believe that a. nature is the most important factor in understanding the mind, the brain, and behavior. b. the mind, the brain, and behavior are largely a matter of nurture. c. both nature and nurture are important in understanding the mind, the brain, and behavior. d. the issue is largely irrelevant to understanding the mind, the brain, and behavior. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.5 Many Psychological Questions Have a Long History OBJ: 1.B2 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering The Science of Psychology | 13 42. A little boy is running around a grocery store, screaming, yelling, and throwing cans. His parents cannot control him. A strict nurture -only theorist might say, a. ―His parents must have been really active when they were children.‖ b. ―He cannot help that he was born wild.‖ c. ―Even if he was born wild, his parents should now be able to control him.‖ d. ―Boys evolve to act this way when they are young.‖ ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.5 Many Psychological Questions Have a Long History OBJ: 1.B2 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 43. Suppose your friend is in a traumatic car accident and the doctors are worried that she may develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, she seems to be coping well and is not showing any symptoms of PTSD. How would a strict nature -only theorist explain this situation? a. Your friend inherited a genetic resilience against stressors that can lead to PTSD. b. Your friend must have a good support network that prevented her from developing PTSD. c. Your friend inherited a genetic predisposition to PTSD. d. Your friend needs a better support network if she wants to avoid developing PTSD. ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 1.5 Many Psychological Questions Have a Long History OBJ: 1.B2 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 44. Over history, people have viewed the mind as being located in which parts of the body? a. brain, liver, and heart c. brain, pancreas, and liver b. brain, lungs, and heart d. kidney, pancreas, and spleen ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.5 Many Psychological Questions Have a Long History OBJ: 1.B2 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 45. Dualism is the idea that a. the mind and the brain are separate entities. b. the mind and the brain are the same entity. c. the mind and the brain are opposing forces. d. there is no mind, just the brain. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.5 Many Psychological Questions Have a Long History OBJ: 1.B2 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 46. Which of the following philosophers is most noted for promoting dualism as an explanation of the mind/body problem? a. René Descartes c. Hippocrates b. Leonardo da Vinci d. Sigmund Freud ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.5 Many Psychological Questions Have a Long History OBJ: 1.B2 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 14 | Chapter 1 47. The idea that the mind and body are separate but intertwined describes the viewpoint of a. dualism. c. introspection. b. structuralism. d. behaviorism. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.5 Many Psychological Questions Have a Long History OBJ: 1.B2 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 48. For most of human history, Western scholars believed that the mind and body were separate and that humans were unique among the animals because humans a. possessed a soul. b. controlled other animals. c. were mortal. d. had a mind and body that interacted for a divine purpose. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.5 Many Psychological Questions Have a Long History OBJ: 1.B2 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 49. With respect to the mind/body problem, which of the following alternatives best captures the view of dualism held by contemporary psychological scientists? a. Most psychological scientists reject dualism. b. Most psychological scientists accept dualism. c. While many psychological scientists reject dualism, a growing minority promote a return to dualism. d. While many psychological scientists accept dualism, a growing minority reject the view. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.5 Many Psychological Questions Have a Long History OBJ: 1.B2 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Analyzing 50. Who first proposed that psychology should be a science of observation and experimentation in order to discover the laws of the mind? a. René Descartes c. John Stuart Mill b. John Locke d. Hermann von Helmholtz ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.6 Experimental Psychology Initially Focused on the Structure, Not the Function, of Mental Activity OBJ: 1.B3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Analyzing 51. Which of the following changes did John Stuart Mill advocate for the field of psychology? a. to move from the study of the mind to the study of the body b. to move from the study of the body to the study of the mind c. to move from speculation to observation and experimentation d. to move from experimentation and observation to speculation ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.6 Experimental Psychology Initially Focused on the Structure, Not the Function, of Mental Activity OBJ: 1.B3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering The Science of Psychology | 15 52. In which city did Wilhelm Wundt open the first psychological laboratory? a. Vienna, Austria c. Oxford, England b. Leipzig, Germany d. Krakow, Poland ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.6 Experimental Psychology Initially Focused on the Structure, Not the Function, of Mental Activity OBJ: 1.B3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledg e Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 53. A procedure in which an observer describes the simple elements of a mental experience in as much detail as possible is called a. introspection. c. introjection. b. internal perception. d. internal sensation. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.6 Experimental Psychology Initially Focused on the Structure, Not the Function, of Mental Activity OBJ: 1.B3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 54. Dave walks into his dorm and finds his roommate Pete concentrating as he stares at an apple. When he questions what he is doing, Pete tells Dave he is trying to describe the apple‘s quality and intensity. Pete is using what technique? a. stream of consciousness c. introspection b. functionalism d. internal review ANS: C DIF: Mode rate REF: 1.6 Experimental Psychology Initially Focused on the Structure, Not the Function, of Mental Activity OBJ: 1.B3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Applying 55. Your friend hands you a teddy bear and asks you to describe your sensations and feelings connected to it. In this example, you are engaging in a. psychoanalysis. c. introspection. b. functionalism. d. free association. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.6 Experimental Psychology Initially Focused on the Structure, Not the Function, of Mental Activity OBJ: 1.B3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Applying 56. Jordan studies consciousness by training himself to objectively report on his own sensations, which is similar to how the school investigated psychology. a. structuralist c. psychodynamic b. functionalist d. behaviorist ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.6 Experimental Psychology Initially Focused on the Structure, Not the Function, of Mental Activity OBJ: 1.B3 NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Applying