(Test Bank) Social Psychology Canadian Edition

Aronson,Wilson,Fehr,Sommers, 7

Psychology

Test Bank

7th Edition

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Test Bank for Social Psychology Canadian Edition, The downloadable file consists of 703 pages, and the total size of the file is 5.0 MB. Purchase now only for highly discounted price.

Author(s): Aronson, Wilson, Fehr, Sommers

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Chapter 1 Test Item File for Social Psychology, Seventh Canadian Edition Copyright © 2022 Pearson Canada Inc. 1-1 1) The task of the psychologist is to A) explore the unconscious. B) understand and predict behaviour. C) explain physiological functioning. D) understand the impact of economic factors. E) predict future events. Answer: B Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Easy 2) In the introduction to Chapter 1, you read about a number of social phenomena. For example, a university athlete was happy about the barbaric hazing he experienced and 74 people died as a result of their membership in a dangerous cult in a murder-suicide in Quebec. What do these examples have in common? A) They defy explanation. B) They describe socially deviant behavior. C) They reveal the power of social influence. D) They reflect the operation of deliberate persuasion attempts. Answer: C Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate 3) Social psychology is defined as the scientific study of the way people's ________ are influenced by the ________ presence of other people. A) thoughts and feelings; real or imagined B) thoughts, feelings, and behaviours; real or imagined C) behaviours; real D) behaviours; imagined E) thoughts and behaviours; imagined Answer: B Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Easy 4) Which of the following is an example of a direct persuasion attempt? A) Ramona works hard in school to make her mother proud. B) Jason moves from Calgary to P.E.I. and picks up a Maritimes accent. C) Garin watches a romantic comedy to make his girlfriend happy. D) Marianne thinks of her ex-boyfriend and becomes sad. E) A bully threatens Billy and demands that he hand over his money. Answer: E Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Applied Difficulty: Moderate 5) Not all social influence is direct or deliberate. Which of the following is the best example of more indirect or subtle social influence? Chapter 1 Test Item File for Social Psychology, Seventh Canadian Edition Copyright © 2022 Pearson Canada Inc. 1-2 A) A political candidate delivers a speech to convince voters that she is not really liberal. B) A parent disciplines his child by taking away her favourite toy. C) Your friends try to persuade you to do something you don’t really want to do. D) An advertising campaign is launched to promote a new soft drink. E) A student is exposed to new ideas in his courses, and rethinks his original attitudes. Answer: E Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Applied Difficulty: Moderate 6) From across the room, J.T. sees his mother sigh and he approaches to give her a hug in the hopes of cheering her up. In this case, J.T.'s behaviour is an example of ________ social influence attempt. A) an unintended B) a direct C) an ineffective D) a covert E) an indirect Answer: B Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Applied Difficulty: Easy 7) What is the general topic of most interest to social psychologists? A) interpersonal relationships B) social influence C) anti-social behaviours D) personality E) attitudes and beliefs Answer: B Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Easy 8) Which of the following is an example of social interpretation OR construal? A) You didn't do well on the test because you stayed up all night cramming. B) You feel guilty because you persuaded your professor to raise your grade on an exam. C) You almost fell asleep at the wheel, so you pull off the road to take a short nap. D) You decide to postpone work because you like to sleep in. E) When you are hungry, you have trouble concentrating. Answer: B Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Applied Difficulty: Moderate 9) The word “construal” refers to A) the way in which people perceive, comprehend, and interpret the social world. B) information provided by other people. Chapter 1 Test Item File for Social Psychology, Seventh Canadian Edition Copyright © 2022 Pearson Canada Inc. 1-3 C) imagined events. D) social norms. E) objective reality. Answer: A Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Easy 10) Juan is in love with Carolina and views her temper as an endearing example of her “feistiness.” Her coworkers, however, interpret Carolina’s temper as rude and insensitive. This example illustrates the power of love to influence our A) construals. B) behaviours. C) relationships. D) personality. E) influence attempts. Answer: A Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Applied Difficulty: Easy 11) Which of the following is the best example of a construal? A) whether or not a woman decides to marry B) results of a political poll C) the average age of people who vote for liberal candidates. D) the number of people in the audience of The Jerry Springer Show E) the perceived aggressiveness of girls versus boys Answer: E Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Applied Difficulty: Moderate 12) Sandeep returns home from her first year of university, and is very proud of her GPA. She earned a 3.0 ("B") average. She's unhappily surprised to discover that her parents are disappointed that she didn't perform better. This situation best represents the power of ________ in explaining social behaviour. A) socialization B) interpersonal conflict C) family dynamics D) achievement motivation E) construals Answer: E Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Applied Difficulty: Moderate 13) Johan likes Shawayna and smiles at her every chance he gets. Shawayna wonders why Johanis always smirking at her sarcastically and studiously avoids him. Johan thinks he's being friendly and cannot understand Shawayna's standoffishness; Shawayna thinks Johan is a jerk and cannot figure out why he won't leave her alone. This situation best represents the power of ________ in explaining social behaviour. Chapter 1 Test Item File for Social Psychology, Seventh Canadian Edition Copyright © 2022 Pearson Canada Inc. 1-4 A) construals B) biases C) beliefs D) social influence E) attitudes Answer: A Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Applied Difficulty: Easy 14) Social psychologists use the term ________ to describe the way in which people perceive, comprehend, and interpret their social worlds. A) perspective B) construal C) belief D) assumption E) social psychology Answer: B Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Easy 15) At the end of their first date, Logan said goodnight to Daniel, then quickly walked away. Even though he thought they both had a good time on the date, Daniel started to wonder if Logan’s quick departure meant that he didn’t like him. Another term for Daniel’s interpretation of Logan’s behaviour is A) Counterfactual thinking. B) Continuity bias C) Gestalt D) The accuracy motive E) A construal. Answer: E Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Applied Difficulty: Moderate 16) Social psychology is concerned not so much with social situations in any objective sense, but rather with how people are influenced by their ____________ of their social environment. A) attribution B) construal C) justification D) organization Answer: B Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate 17) Julio and Iona are studying to be lawyers. In one of their course assignments, they are asked to predict how jury members will perceive, comprehend, and interpret various pieces of evidence (e.g., eyewitness testimony) presented during a trial. Chapter 1 Test Item File for Social Psychology, Seventh Canadian Edition Copyright © 2022 Pearson Canada Inc. 1-5 The assignment is tapping into their ___________ of the pieces of evidence presented. A) construals B) justification C) analysis D) memory Answer: A Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Understand Difficulty: Moderate 18) Lee Ross describes the idea of “naïve realism” as A) our conviction that we perceive things “as they really are.” B) the scientific study of the way in which people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are influenced by the real or imagined presence of other people. C) the way in which people perceive, comprehend, and interpret the social world. D) the aspect of people’s personalities that make them different from other people. E) the naïve conviction that other people are usually correct in their perceptions. Answer: A Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Moderate 19) Research by Lee Ross suggests that even when people recognize that others perceive information differently, they persist in thinking that others are biased while they themselves are objective. This illustrates the idea of A) social psychology. B) naïve realism. C) individual differences. D) implicit values. E) conflicting construals. Answer: B Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Easy 20) One application of Ross's idea of naïve realism is to assist the negotiations between Palestinians and Israelis. How would understanding naïve realism potentially help these parties negotiate more successfully? A) They would understand their religious differences and be able to communicate effectively. B) Both sides would understand that their perceptions are biased, and try to be more objective. C) The Palestinians would come to understand the historical occupation of Israel, and leave the West Bank. D) Both sides would understand the role of culture in forming construals, and use conflict resolution skills appropriately. E) Israelis would come to understand the historical perspective of Palestinians, and leave the West Bank. Chapter 1 Test Item File for Social Psychology, Seventh Canadian Edition Copyright © 2022 Pearson Canada Inc. 1-6 Answer: B Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Applied Difficulty: Moderate 21) Kyoung Lae is disagreeing with his colleague about an upcoming business presentation. He is convinced that his colleague’s views are biased and that his own perceptions regarding the presentation are objective and accurate. This situation best relates to the phenomenon of ________________. A) cognitive dissonance B) experimental realism C) naïve realism D) attribution error Answer: C Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Applied Difficulty: Moderate 22) Juanita, a chemistry major, decides to sign up for a social psychology elective. Her mother is not happy with her choice as her mother believes that social psychology is not a science. Juanita tells her mother that those beliefs are unfounded and that one of the distinctive features of social psychology is that it is _____________. A) an experiment-based science B) based on anecdotal evidence C) constantly confirmed by folk wisdom D) based on facts Answer: A Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Applied Difficulty: Moderate 23) Which of the following professionals are most likely to rely on common sense? A) social psychologists B) sociologists C) philosophers D) personality psychologists E) journalists Answer: E Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Moderate 24) Compared to social psychologists, journalists, politicians, and our grandmothers are more likely to rely on ________ to explain social influence. A) public opinion polls B) empirical data C) religious beliefs D) idle speculation E) common sense Chapter 1 Test Item File for Social Psychology, Seventh Canadian Edition Copyright © 2022 Pearson Canada Inc. 1-7 Answer: E Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Easy 25) According to the authors of your text, one hazard of relying too heavily on folk wisdom is that A) “common sense” is frequently wrong or oversimplified. B) journalists and other communicators of “common sense” information are hopelessly biased. C) “common sense” is useless to most social psychologists. D) “common sense” is often indistinguishable from folk wisdom. E) “common sense” is only useful for thinking about social interactions. Answer: A Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Moderate 26) Why is a scientific approach preferable to reliance on folk wisdom and common sense? A) Common sense approaches focus on the situation and not on personality. B) Common sense puts too much emphasis on personality. C) Nothing useful can be learned from journalists, philosophers, or social critics. D) Folk wisdom and common sense are filled with contradictions. E) Science has tested and debunked most folk wisdom. Answer: D Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Moderate 27) When Prya and Mohammed returned home after a night on the town, they found their baby crying because her diaper needed to be changed. The babysitter was sitting in front of the television, ignoring the baby's crying. Mohammed and Prya decided that the babysitter was callous and uncaring, and they swore that they would never hire her again. Mohammed and Prya's interpretation of the babysitter's actions was based on A) philosophy. B) bias. C) a deduction. D) scientific methodology. E) common sense. Answer: E Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Applied Difficulty: Moderate 28) Consider the following pieces of folk wisdom: "Out of sight, out of mind" versus "Absence makes the heart grow fonder." These statements are an example of the problem that folk wisdom is often A) irrational. B) context-dependent. Chapter 1 Test Item File for Social Psychology, Seventh Canadian Edition Copyright © 2022 Pearson Canada Inc. 1-8 C) based on personal experience. D) full of contradictory assumptions. E) concerned with assigning blame. Answer: D Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Moderate 29) What does philosophy have in common with folk wisdom? Both A) often contain contradictions, and it's difficult to know which explanation is right. B) are often incorrect in their assumptions about social behaviour. C) are often based on social norms. D) often become outdated with rapid societal changes. E) rely often on subjective construals. Answer: A Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Moderate 30) Social psychologists differ from journalists in that social psychologists A) assume the worst about human nature. B) analyze quotes from famous people. C) are not concerned with social phenomena. D) are not bound by a code of ethics. E) rely solely on empirical arguments. Answer: E Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Moderate 31) Why is it unwise to rely on folk wisdom in explaining human social behaviour? A) The ideas of folk wisdom are not relevant to contemporary society. B) Social psychologists rely too much on folk wisdom. C) Folk wisdom is often wrong or oversimplified. D) People who rely on folk wisdom fail to consider the social environment. E) Folk wisdom requires careful empirical analysis. Answer: C Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Easy 32) What is the major difference between sociology and social psychology? A) social psychology provides general laws and theories about societies while sociology studies the characteristics that make individuals unique B) sociology studies the processes people have in common with one another that make them susceptible to social influence while social psychology studies the characteristics that make individuals unique C) social psychology studies the psychological processes people have in common with one another that make them susceptible to social influence while sociology studies the characteristics that make individuals unique Chapter 1 Test Item File for Social Psychology, Seventh Canadian Edition Copyright © 2022 Pearson Canada Inc. 1-9 D) sociology provides general laws and theories about societies, not individuals while social psychology studies the psychological processes people have in common with one another that make them susceptible to social influence Answer: D Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Easy 33) According to the text, which of the following statements is true regarding the difference between the way social psychologists approach the study of human behaviour and the approach others take? A) Unlike philosophers, social psychologists study only the observable behaviours of people—not their inner thoughts and feelings. B) Unlike sociologists, social psychologists adopt a scientific approach to the study of people. C) Unlike philosophers, sociologists, and personality psychologists, social psychologists seek to predict human behaviour. D) Unlike personality psychologists, social psychologists are less concerned with individual differences than with the influence of the social situation on behaviour. E) Unlike clinical psychologists, social psychologists focus on the pathological. Answer: D Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Moderate 34) Which of the following questions is most likely to be asked by a social psychologist? A) Are some characteristics genetically determined? B) Do some types of people make better leaders than others? C) What situations cause people to behave rudely? D) Are some people more vulnerable to mental disorders? E) Are some kinds of people more susceptible to recruitment into cults? Answer: C Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Applied Difficulty: Moderate 35) Jamal was confused by his sister's relationship with her boyfriend. They just didn't seem to have anything in common. “Oh well,” Jamal decided, “I guess opposites really do attract.” Jamal's explanation is an example of A) philosophy. B) folk wisdom. C) social psychology. D) rationalization. E) sociology. Answer: B Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Applied Difficulty: Easy Chapter 1 Test Item File for Social Psychology, Seventh Canadian Edition Copyright © 2022 Pearson Canada Inc. 1-10 36) Social psychologists differ from sociologists in that social psychologists A) focus on studying individuals and the psychological processes they are experiencing. B) always use experiments. C) advocate the use of common sense. D) are reliant on the insights of philosophers. E) are interested in how people are influenced by their social environments. Answer: A Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Moderate 37) Social psychologists are most like ________ when they test their hunches about social behaviour. A) physicists B) journalists C) pollsters D) the general public E) philosophers Answer: A Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Moderate 38) One of the tasks of the social psychologist is to A) ignore the notion of human consciousness. B) make educated guesses about specific situations. C) seek agreement with one another. D) use folk wisdom to understand the social world. E) integrate folk wisdom into modern psychology. Answer: B Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Moderate 39) When social psychologists want to test their hunches about why people help others, they are most likely to A) ask their grandmothers. B) conduct an experiment. C) read philosophy. D) look at social factors. E) look at what kindergarteners are taught about helping Answer: B Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Easy 40) A social psychologist is perplexed. Is it true that birds of a feather flock together, or do opposites attract? Confronted with these two contradictory pieces of folk wisdom, what is this social psychologist most likely to do? Chapter 1 Test Item File for Social Psychology, Seventh Canadian Edition Copyright © 2022 Pearson Canada Inc. 1-11 A) Conduct an experiment to investigate the different situations in which each bit of common sense holds true. B) Choose the explanation that makes more sense. C) Ask his colleagues for their opinions. D) Administer a questionnaire to see if some types of people fit into one category, while other types fit into the other category. E) Choose a new topic for study. Answer: A Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Moderate 41) The social science that focuses on the effect of broad social factors like social class is A) social psychology. B) sociology. C) anthropology. D) philosophy. E) economics. Answer: B Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Easy 42) Which of the following social phenomena would be of interest to both social psychologists and sociologists? A) The relation between murder and social class. B) The relationship between gender and homicide rates. C) The variation of homicide rates across countries. D) Teaching frustrated people alternatives to aggression. E) The role of competition between groups in increasing aggression. Answer: E Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Difficult 43) Consider the following research question: "Have no-fault divorce laws increased the rate of divorce in countries that have them?" This question would most likely be asked by A) a sociologist. B) a social psychologist. C) a personality psychologist. D) a lawyer. E) a philosopher. Answer: A Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Moderate 44) Consider the following research question: “How has new computer technology changed the Canadian educational system?” This question is most likely to be asked by Chapter 1 Test Item File for Social Psychology, Seventh Canadian Edition Copyright © 2022 Pearson Canada Inc. 1-12 A) a sociologist. B) an anthropologist. C) a personality psychologist. D) a philosopher. E) a social psychologist. Answer: A Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Moderate 45) Your roommate left her homework on the couch, where you plan to watch TV. When you move her work, you notice that she is reading an article describing an experiment that investigated the cues people give when they really like someone. You conclude that your roommate is taking a class in A) social psychology. B) philosophy. C) anthropology. D) sociology. E) political science. Answer: A Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Applied Difficulty: Moderate 46) Professor Hume has spent the last 10 years studying the interpersonal factors that cause individuals to be aggressive. She is most likely to be A) a sociologist. B) a philosopher. C) an anthropologist. D) an economist. E) a social psychologist. Answer: E Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Applied Difficulty: Moderate 47) Both social psychologists and sociologists are interested in aggression. Compared to sociologists, which of the following questions is a social psychologist most likely to ask? A) What is the effect of hand gun laws on homicide rates in different regions? B) Do prisons deter homicide? C) Does increased policing lead to lower homicide rates? D) Are homicide rates higher among members of the lower class? E) When does frustration lead to aggression? Answer: E Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Applied Difficulty: Difficult 48) Which question about romantic relationships is a sociologist most likely to ask? A) Do extraverts make better lovers? Chapter 1 Test Item File for Social Psychology, Seventh Canadian Edition Copyright © 2022 Pearson Canada Inc. 1-13 B) Is the capacity to love one of humanity’s greatest achievements? C) Does absence make the heart grow fonder? D) Does attractiveness influence marriage satisfaction? E) Why are marriage rates decreasing in the lower classes? Answer: E Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Applied Difficulty: Moderate 49) Concepts like “institutions,” “sociometric status,” and “social class” are most closely associated with A) psychology. B) sociology. C) social work. D) economics. E) political science. Answer: B Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Easy 50) Professor Forster is a personality psychologist interested in divorce. Which question is she most likely to investigate? A) Why are divorce rates higher among the better educated? B) Are some types of people more likely to divorce than others? C) Do children reduce the odds of divorce? D) Does a national economic crisis influence divorce rates? E) Have the changing roles of women contributed to divorce? Answer: B Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Applied Difficulty: Moderate 51) How might a personality psychologist attempt to explain the mass murder-suicide of the members of the Order of The Solar Temple? A) The group members came from poor socio-economic backgrounds. B) An increasingly complex and mobile society creates confusion and a need to belong to a group at any cost. C) The leaders’ control over their followers increased slowly over time. D) She wouldn't try to explain it; personality psychologists are not interested in murder-suicide. E) People who are characteristically unstable join cults. Answer: E Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Moderate 52) Compared to social psychologists, personality psychologists are more likely to focus their attention on A) subjective construals. B) positive behaviours. Chapter 1 Test Item File for Social Psychology, Seventh Canadian Edition Copyright © 2022 Pearson Canada Inc. 1-14 C) social norms. D) ideas from philosophy. E) individual differences. Answer: E Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Easy 53) Like social psychologists, personality psychologists focus on A) the power of construals to shape human behaviour. B) the cultural context. C) social influence. D) individual differences. E) individuals rather than collectives or institutions. Answer: E Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Moderate 54) Unlike social psychologists, personality psychologists are most concerned with A) mental illness. B) how people are like one another. C) the individual as a unit of analysis. D) how people differ from one another. E) subjective experiences. Answer: D Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Moderate 55) Sometimes when we encounter behaviour that is unpleasant or unexpected, we assume that something about the person—and not the situation—caused the behaviour. In this sense, we are most like A) philosophers. B) social psychologists. C) anthropologists. D) sociologists. E) personality psychologists. Answer: E Type: MC LO: 1.1 Skill: Recall Difficulty: Moderate 56) Consider the following question about human nature: “Are authoritarian personalities more prejudiced than other people?” This question is most likely to be asked by A) a philosopher. B) a social psychologist. C) an anthropologist. D) a personality psychologist. E) a sociologist.